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NaBr 및 NaF 용액에 대한 Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu 솔더 합금의 Electrochemical Migration 특성
정자영,장은정,유영란,이신복,김영식,주영창,정태주,이규환,박영배,Jung, Ja-Young,Jang, Eun-Jung,Yoo, Young-Ran,Lee, Shin-Bok,Kim, Young-Sik,Joo, Young-Chang,Chung, Tai-Joo,Lee, Kyu-Hwan,Park, Young-Bae 대한용접접합학회 2007 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.25 No.3
Electrochemical migration characteristics of Pb-free solder alloys are quantitatively correlated with corrosion characteristics in harsh environment conditions. In-situ water drop test and corrosion resistance test for Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder alloys were carried out in NaBr and NaF solutions to obtain the electrochemical migration lifetime and pitting potential, respectively. Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder alloy shows similar ionization and electrochemical migration behavior with pure Sn because of Ag and Cu do not migrate due to the formation of resistant intermetallic compounds inside solder itself. Electrochemical migration lifetime in NaBr is longer than in NaF, which seems to be closely related to higher pitting potential in NaBr than NaF solution. Therefore, it was revealed that electrochemical migration lifetime of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder alloys showed good correlation to the corrosion resistance, and also the initial ionization step at anode side is believed to be the rate-determining step during electrochemical migration of Pb-free solders in these environments.
태아발육지연 임신에서 산소농도가 영양배엽세포의 telomerase 활성도에 미치는 영향
정영내(Young Nae Jung),김세광(Sei Kwang Kim),정현철(Hyun Cheol Chung),박규현(Kyu Hyun Park),김창한(Chang Han Kim),장영건(Young Kwon Chang),권자영(Ja Young Kwon),김성훈(Sung Hun Kim),노성일(Sung Il Roh),조동제(Dong Jae Cho) 대한산부인과학회 2001 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.44 No.8
N/A Objective : To observe the difference in telomerase activity (TA) expression in the placenta between fetal growth restriction (FGR) with preeclampsia and those without and to evaluate the effect of oxygen concentration on the TA expression in the trophoblastic cells. Methods : Telomerase activity was measured in 48 (normal pregnancies, 16; preeclampsia with FGR, 15; normotensive FGR, 17) placentas which were obtained between 32 and 41 weeks' gestations. Trophoblastic cells were extracted from 8 chorionic villi samples obtained from 8-10 weeks' placenta and were cultured in either 2%, 8%, and 20% oxygen atmosphere. Then TA was examined by using telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. Results : During 3rd trimester of pregnancy, exhibited TA expression in normal pregnancy, FGR complicated by preeclampsia, and normotensive FGR groups were 11 of 16 (68.8%), 4 of 15 (26.7%), and 4 of 17 (23.5%), respectively. Significantly lower level of TA was detected in the FGR group compared to the normal pregnancies (p=0.009), whereas within FGR pregnancies, presence of preeclampsia did not seem to have statistically significant effect on TA expression. TA expression levels were measured by optical density in trophoblasts cultured under various oxygen concentration which revealed that significantly higher TA was exhibited in the cells cultured in 2% oxygen compared to 8% and 20% (p<0.001). However no significant difference was noted in TA between cells cultured in 8% and 20% oxygen. Conclusion : Decreased TA in the placenta from pregnancies with FGR was noted regardless of presence of preeclampsia indicating a probable correlation between FGR and placental senescence. Since increased TA was noted in trophoblastic cells that were cultured in hypoxic condition, we could speculate that the intervillous oxygen tension during early-stage placental development plays a certain role in the placental degeneration in pregnancies complicated by FGR and preeclampsia.
김영만(Young Man Kim),윤군애(Gun Ae Yoon),황혜진(Hye Jin Hwang),지규용(Gyoo Yong Chi),손병일(Byoung Yil Son),배서영(Seo Young Bae),김인령(In Young Kim),정자영(Ja Young Chung) 한국식품영양과학회 2004 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.33 No.1
우골대체 Ca 공급원으로서 참다랑어 골분과 이의 가공처리된 형태에 따른 Ca이용성을 흰쥐의 골격대사에 근거하여 비교하였다. 실험군은 ① 정상칼슘(0.5%)을 급여한 CC (CaCO₃; 대조군) ② TB(bluefin tuna bone powder) ③ CT (citrated bluefin tuna bone powder) ④ BB(bovine bone powder) ⑤ CL(calcium lactate, 유산칼슘) ⑥ 저칼슘을 급여한 LC(0.15% CaCO₃, 탄산칼슘)으로 구별하였다. 우골분을 섭취한 BB군의 체중 증가가 유의하게 높았으며, 구연산 처리된 참다랑어 골분(CT) 및 칼슘부족 식이를 급여한 LC군에서 체중증가가 낮았다. 식이 섭취량도 우골분(BB)군에서 가장 높았으며, 구연산처리된 참다랑어 골분(CT)군과 유산 칼슘(CL)군에서 유의하게 낮은 섭취량을 보였다. 저칼슘식이인 LC군은 변으로 배설되는 양이 다른 정상식이군에 비해 최소화되어 흡수율이 최고치를 나타냈으나 칼슘 보유량은 가장 낮았다. 뇨 칼슘배설량은 정상칼슘군 중 참다랑어 골분 (TB)군에서 유의하게 낮았고 유산칼슘(CL)군에서 높은 값을 보였지만 체내 칼슘보유량은 칼슘급원에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 칼슘급원에 따른 변 칼슘 배설량과 칼슘흡수량은 차이가 없었다. 혈중의 calcitonin농도는 저칼슘군(LC)을 비롯한 탄산칼슘(CC)군과 유산칼슘(CL)군에서 유의하게 낮았으며, 참다랑어골분(TB)군, 구연산처리된 참다랑어골분 (CT)군, 우골분(BB)군에서는 높은 수치를 보였고, PTH와 osteocalcin 농도는 실험군 간에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 뇨의 DPD 수치는 LC군(저칼슘식이군)에서 유의하게 높았고, 정상수준의 칼슘을 섭취한 각 군에서는 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 대퇴골의 습윤무게는 참다랑어골분(TB)군과 구연산처리된 참다랑어 골분(CT)군에서 높은 수치를 나타내었고, 건조 후의 무게는 저칼슘군(LC)을 제외한 정상수준의 칼슘 투여군 간에 차이가 없었다. 대퇴골의 회분 함량은 정상수준의 칼슘식이군들에 비해 저칼슘식이인 LC군에서 유의하게 낮았다. 체중 100 g 당의 대퇴골의 칼슘함량은 저칼슘식이(LC) 군에서 유의적으로 낮았고 칼슘급원에 따라 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 대퇴골의 골밀도 측정 결과 저칼슘식이인 LC군은 정상식이군에 비해 골밀도가 유의하게 낮았으며, 동일한 정상수준의 칼슘이 공급된 실험군 사이에서는 참다랑어골분(TB)군의 골밀도가 가장 높은 수치를 보였다. 본 연구결과 여러 가지 칼슘급원에 따른 흰쥐의 골격대사는 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 저칼슘군과의 차이가 두드러져 양적인 면에서의 칼슘공급의 중요성을 지적할 수 있겠다. 대퇴골의 중량이나 회분, 칼슘 및 대퇴골의 골밀도 결과로 보아 참다랑어 골분은 탄산칼슘군이나, 기존에 칼슘 급원으로 사용해 오던 우골분수준으로 뼈의 건강유지 면에서 긍정적인 가치를 부여할 수 있는 것으로 사료된다. This study was conducted to examine the effect of bluefin tuna bone on the bone metabolism of the rats. Weaned 6-week old male rats were fed low-calcium diets for 2 weeks after the adjustment period. Rats were divided into 6 groups and were fed experimental diets for six weeks. Experimental groups were ① Normal calcium: CC (0.5% CaCO₃; control) ② TB (bluefin tuna bone powder) ③ CT (citrated bluefin tuna bone powder) ④ BB (bovine bone powder) ⑤ CL (calcium lactate) ⑥ Low calcium LC (0.15% CaCO₃). Low-calcium diet group (LC) showed the lowest calcium retention. There was no differences in calcium excretion in stool and calcium absorption among various calcium sources. Serum calcitonin levels were high in TB, CT and BB group compared to those in CC, CL LC group. Parathyroid hormone and osteocalcin levels showed no differences among experimental groups. Deoxypyridinoline (DPD) levels were significantly higher in LC group than in other groups. Wet weight of the femur were significantly high in TB and CT group, and dry weight of femur showed no differences among normal calcium groups. Bone density of femur in LC group was significantly lower than those of normal calcium feeding group, and TB group showed highest bone density among experimental groups. There was no differences in bone metabolism among various calcium sources. Therefore, it is pointed out that the amount of calcium intake is very important because there was significant differences between normal calcium diet and low calcium diet. According to the results of femur weight, ash, calcium and bone density, it is suggested that bluefin tuna bone have alternative effects to bovine bone powder on the maintenance of bone health.
기관지천식 환자에서 Interleukin (IL)-13 유전자 다형성
김건우 ( Gun Woo Kim ),손자영 ( Ja Young Son ),최은정 ( Eun Jung Choi ),신재대 ( Jae Dae Shin ),이응갑 ( Eung Kab Lee ),정덕원 ( Duk Won Chung ),이종명 ( Jong Myung Lee ),김능수 ( Nung Soo Kim ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2006 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.26 No.4
Background: Asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilic inflammation, airway mucus hypersecretion, and elevated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). IL-13 is an important cytokine in the pathogenesis of asthma through the production of IgE, stimulation of bronchial epithelial mucus production, and smooth muscle hyperreactivity. Previous studies have shown that the polymorphisms in IL-13 gene are associated with asthma, atopy, or total IgE. Objective: We investigate whether the polymorphism Arg 110Gln within the IL-13 gene is associated with asthma, atopy, serum total IgE, asthma severity and airway hyperresponsiveness in adult asthma. Method: One hundred fifty-five asthmatic adults and 147 non-asthmatic healthy adults were enrolled. Asthma phenotype and bronchial responsiveness to methacholine were determined by the same physician. IL-13 Arg110Gln polymorphism was genotyped using PCR-RFLP assay. Result: Genotype frequency of IL-13 Arg110Gln polymorphism was significantly different between asthmatic patients (P=0.021), especially between atopic asthma (P=0.024) and controls, and was associated with elevated levels of serum total IgE (P=0.009), asthma severity (P=0.026), pulmonary function (P=0.017), and airway hyperresponsiveness (P=0.025) in patients with asthma. Conclusion: IL-13 Gln110 variant may be an asthma susceptibility gene in Korean adults. In addition, IL-13 Gln110 variant is associated with elevated levels of serum total IgE and severity of asthma. (Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;26:302-309)
임신 초기 융모막 융모와 탈락막에서의 Estrogen 수용체 및 Telomerase 활성도의 발현
송찬호(Chan Ho Song),김정연(Jung Youn Kim),박기현(Ki Hyun Park),배상욱(Sang Wook Bai),김세광(Sei Kwang Kim),정영내(Young Nae Jung),박규현(Kyu Hyun Park),정현철(Hyun Cheol Chung),장영건(Young Kwon Chang),권자영(Ja Young Kwon),조동제(D 대한산부인과학회 2001 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.44 No.10
N/A Objective : To investigate whether there is any differences between normal pregnancy (NP) and spontaneous abortion (SAB) regarding estrogen receptor (ER) expression and telomerase activity (TA) in the chorionic villi and decidual tissues. Methods : Chorionic villi and decidual tissues were obtained between 6 and 9 weeks' gestation from 14 patients with SAB and 17 normal pregnant women who have undergone an elective abortion. All tissue samples were assayed for ER with enzyme immunoassay and also TA was analysed using telomeric repeat amplication protocol. Results : A significant decrease in ER expression (2.81±2.77 fmol/mg of protein; p<.001) was demonstrated in SAB group compared to that of NP group (4.56±1.85 fmol/mg) in decidua. However, no significant difference in ER expression in chorionic villi was found between the two groups. SAB group showed significantly lower levels of TA than that of NP group in both chorionic villi (21.4% vs. 82.4%; p=.002) and deciduas (7.1% vs. 52.9%; p=.009). Conclusion : Our results suggest that decreased level of ER expression in deciduas might cause decidual senescence and eventually, spontaneous abortion.