Isolation of a Leucoanthocyanidin Dioxygenase (LDOX) Gene from a Spray-type Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × grandiflorum) and Its Colored Mutants

정성진,이긍주,이혜정,김진백,김동섭,강시용,Chung, Sung-Jin,Lee, Geung-Joo,Lee, Hye-Jung,Kim, Jin-Baek,Kim, Dong-Sub,Kang, Si-Yong Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2010 원예과학기술지 Vol.28 No.5

스프레이 국화 'Argus'의 꽃잎으로부터 $DgLDOX$의 전장 cDNA와 genomic DNA를 분리하였고, 감마선 변이원으로부터 유래된 3가지 화색변이체 사이의 다양한 유전자 특성들을 밝혀냈다. cDNA 영역은 1068bp이고 356 amino acid로 변환되었다. Genomic DNA의 크기는 'Argus'에서 1346bp이었고, 3가지 화색 변이체에서는 1363부터 1374의 크기를 나타내었다. $DgLDOX$ 유전자는 두 개의 엑손 사이에 하나의 인트론을 갖고 있는 구조이고, 그 크기는 'Argus'에서 112bp 이지만 3가지 화색 변이체에서는 128 혹은 137bp였다. 이것은 감마선 조사에 의해 인트론 부분에 유전자가 삽입됐다는 것을 나타낸다. DNA 분석 결과 국화의 게놈 내에서는 하나의 $LDOX$ 유전자를 갖는 것이 확인되었다. $DgLDOX$ 유전자의 발현 정도를 분석한 결과, 연분홍의 'Argus'와 두 개의 보라색 변이체(AM1 and AM3) 에서 높게 발현되었으나 흰색 변이체(AM2)에서는 매우 약하게 발현되었다. 이러한 결과들은 $DgLDOX$ 유전자의 인트론에 삽입된 유전자 조각 혹은 엑손 부위의 일부 아미노산의 변화에 의해서 변이체의 화색이 변할 수 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다. A full-length cDNA and genomic DNA of a $leucoanthocyanidin$ $dioxygenase$ ($DgLDOX$) gene was isolated from the petals of chrysanthemum 'Argus', and comparative features of the gene among three flower color mutants derived from a gamma-ray mutagenesis were characterized. The cDNA coding region of the gene was 1068 bp and was translated into 356 amino acids accordingly. The genomic DNA size was 1346 bp for 'Argus', while three mutants revealed ranges of 1363 to 1374 bp. A single intron between two coding exons for the $DgLDOX$ gene was found, of which size was 112 bp for 'Argus', but 128 or 137 bp for three flower color mutants, indicating that a genomic insertion in the intron occurred during the gamma-ray mutagenesis. DNA blot analysis revealed the $DgLDOX$ gene presenting as a single copy in the chrysanthemum genome. The $DgLDOX$ gene was expressed in both 'Argus' of light-pink color and two purple color mutants (AM1 and AM3) but had very weak expression in only white color mutant (AM2). The results demonstrated that variations in the flower color of the mutants might be associated with changes in the amino acid moieties in the coding exons or fragment insertions in the intron of the $DgLDOX$ gene, which potentially resulted in less expression of the gene in the white colored mutant.

비정형 구조물 해석을 위한 3차원 곡선형 보요소의 개발

정성진,이민섭,박세희,Jung, Sung-Jin,Lee, Min-Sub,Park, Se-Hee 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.27 No.8

Recently, a lot of free form buildings, which have irregular structural shape, are constructed frequently in our country. In such buildings, there are many curved beams and columns which have non-prismatic sections occasionally. But, many computer programs commonly used in practice like SAP2000 do not any finite elements available for the structural analysis including these curved members. So, many structural engineers necessarily use the segmented straight-line beam elements for their curved frame members. It makes the inconsistency between analysis model and real structure. Therefore, in this study, a theoretical background of a general curved beam element describing the bent frame member is studied first, then some formulas available in computer programming are derived on the basis of the theoretical background. A computer program, named sNs, was developed using these formulas, and analysis results by sNs are compared with those by some commercial programs and theory.

4변형 평면요소를 컴퓨터 프로그램으로 구현하기 위한 알고리즘

정성진,이민섭,박세희,Jung, Sung-Jin,Lee, Min-Sub,Park, Se-Hee 대한건축학회 2012 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.28 No.4

Many types of quadrilateral plane element are studied in literatures on FEA and implemented in various computer programs. Field engineers use these elements in their new projects according to the manual which is supplied with the program purchased, such as SAP2000, MIDAS, and so on. However, since these computer programs only present the concept and the way of using the commands and give different results in the same structural analysis model according to the element provided by each program, it is difficult to understand the basic theories and differences between these elements. So, it is necessary to establish the basic theories and the programming techniques in common use to consider these elements. In this study, basic theories for the consideration of quadrilateral plane elements with several degrees of freedom are studied first, where some of possible methods are investigated. On the basis of these theoretical backgrounds, an algorithm available in computer program is derived, which calculates the stiffness matrix of these elements in one process, and then a computer program(sNs) is developed based on the theory and algorithm studied. Lastly, some examples using these computerized elements are performed and the analysis results are compared with other commercial-use structural analysis programs used in field engineering for the verification of its fitness and validity.

전단벽 모형화 방법에 따른 구조해석 신뢰성에 대한 고찰

정성진(Sung-Jin Jung),박세희(Se-Hee Park) 한국산학기술학회 2017 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.18 No.3

구조설계 실무 현장에서의 구조해석 모델링 방법을 조사해 보면, 대부분의 경우, 삼차원 구조해석을 위해 슬래브를 판요소를 이용한 메쉬의 형태로 모형화 하고, 전단벽을 쉘요소 또는 벽요소를 사용하여 모형화 하고 있다. 여기서 주목할 점은 해석모형 작성의 편의성을 위하여 전단벽을 층과 층 및 기둥선과 기둥선 사이에 존재하는 한 개의 요소로 모형화 한다는 것이다. 이와 같은 모형화 방법은 사용되는 컴퓨터 프로그램에 따라 해석 오류를 발생시킬 수 있으며, 이러한 오류는 해석결과의 신뢰성을 저하시키게 된다. 따라서 구조해석의 신뢰성을 확보하기 위해서는 이러한 오류가 발생하는 원인을 조사하고 합리적인 모형화 방법을 찾기 위한 연구가 필요하다. 원인 분석을 위한 비교 대상 해석 프로그램은 MIDAS와 SAP2000 및 neoMAX등과 같은 상용프로그램과 요소의 강성을 추측하기 위해 연구용인 sNs를 사용하였다. 본 연구에서는, 구조해석 실무현장에서 사용하고 있는 전단벽 모형화 방법에 따른 해석오류의 원인들을 분석해 보고자 한다. 또한 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 전단벽 모형화를 위한 몇 가지 고려사항들을 제시하고자 한다. When structural analysis modelling methods of practical fields are investigated, a slab is generally modeled by a finite element mesh using plate elements and a shear wall is modeled using a shell element or wall element for 3-D structural analysis. The point worthy of notice in this practice is that a shear wall is modelled using only one wall or shell element divided by floors and column lines to produce structural models. The modeling method like this can cause analysis errors according to the type of computer programs in use, and these errors reduce the reliability of the analysis results. Therefore, to secure the reliability of structural analysis, studies of the causes of errors and finding reasonable modeling methods are necessary. In this study, the causes of analysis errors according to the modelling methods of a shear wall, which are used in practical fields, were investigated and some considering matters for modelling a shear wall are presented to reduce the analysis errors on these analysis results.

보험의 상속증여세 과세체계 개선에 관한 연구

정성진(Sung-jin Jung) 한국조세연구포럼 2017 조세연구 Vol.17 No.3

경제발전으로 부의 축척과 이전 방법이 다양화 되면서 보험을 통한 재산의 상속과 증여가 활발해지고 있어 이를 뒷받침할 수 있는 객관적 상속증여세 체계의 정립이 필요한 것이 현실이다. 하지만 현행 상속증여세법에는 보험상품에 대해 예금․펀드․채권․부동산 등의 통상의 재산에 적용하는 상속증여 규정과 다소 다르게 적용하는 규정이 존재하고 있다. 본 연구는 납세의무자의 법적 안정성과 과세의 논리성이라는 두 가지 측면을 고려하여 현행 보험 관련 상속증여세 체계 중 개편이 필요한 사항을 논의하였다. 먼저 현행 상속증여세법은 부모 등 특수관계인으로부터 현금 등 재산을 증여받아 보험에 가입한 경우 추후 해당 계약에서 보험료를 초과하여 발생한 보험차익도 증여로 규정하고 있다. 즉, 보험료를 증여받을 때 1차로 증여세가 과세되고 나중에 보험금을 수령할 때 발생한 보험차익에 2차 증여세가 과세되는 구조인 것이다. 하지만 현금을 증여받아 예금․펀드에 가입하는 경우와 비교할 때 이는 차별적 규정이기 때문에 해당 규정을 삭제하되, 생명보험 가입 후 단기간에 거액의 사망보험금을 수령하는 등의 사례를 방지하기 위한 상속증여 포괄주의 규정의 보완이 필요하다. 다음으로 현행 상속증여세법은 생명보험이나 손해보험에서 보험사고(만기보험금 지급의 경우 포함)가 발생한 경우 해당 보험사고가 발생한 날을 증여일로 한다고만 규정할 뿐 계약자 변경에 대해 규정하고 있지 않다. 이러한 이유로 보험의 계약자가 변경된다하더라도 과세당국은 이를 증여로 보지 않고 향후 보험사고가 발생한 날 또는 만기일을 증여일로 증여세를 과세하고 있다. 하지만 계약자 변경은 보험계약의 권리를 취득한 것이기 때문에 실질적으로나 법률적으로 계약자 변경시점이 증여시점에 해당한다고 판단되므로 보험의 계약자 변경시점을 증여일로 규정하는 것이 필요하다. 마지막으로 계약자 변경시점이 증여라면 승계되는 보험의 가액에 대한 정의가 필요한데 이에 대한 상속증여세법 규정은 없고 국세청 예규나 판례만 존재하는 상황이다. 보험의 승계로 해당 보험의 권리를 취득하는 데 합리적인 상속증여세를 과세하기 위해서는 기존에 납입한 납입보험료의 합계액에서 사업비와 위험보험료를 차감한 잔액에 이자수입상당액을 가산한 합계액과 약관에 따른 해지환급금 중 큰 금액으로 평가하되, 청약철회기간이 지나기 전이라면 납입보험료 전액으로 평가하는 규정이 필요하다. The study discussed the need to revise the taxation system for inheritance taxation, considering the two aspects of tax justice and the legal stability of taxpayers. First, the regulation that the insurance gain after obtaining the insurance premium from the related parties is deemed donation should be repealed. Because it is discriminatory regulations compared to the other financial instruments such as deposit entry. Second, there is no regulation on the free change of policy holder. However the free change of an policy holder is the gift of insurance contracts. So the gift tax should be imposed on free change of policy holder at the time of gift. Third, the taxable income should be calculated as insurance premium plus relevant interest, which will be equivalent to the cost to purchase the right for that insurance contract.

전통목구조 해석을 위한 모형화 기법

정성진(Jung Sung-Jin),홍성걸(Hong Sung-Gul),김남희(Kim Nam-Hee),이영욱(Lee Young-Wook),황종국(Hwang Jong-Kook),배병선(Bae Byung-Sun) 대한건축학회 2005 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.21 No.12

3차원 솔리드-평면 쉘 변환요소의 강성행렬 추정

정성진(Jung, Sung-Jin),이민섭(Lee, Min-Sub) 대한건축학회 2014 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.30 No.7

A structural model consists of many types of finite elements, such as truss, beam, plate, shell and solid element, and so on. With the aid of commercial computer programs, field engineers comfortably use these finite elements at the same time for the modelling and analysis of real structure in their new projects. However, it is still difficult to model the connections and interfaces between different types of finite elements because of mutually ill-matched node numbers and degrees of freedom(d.o.f). To settle these problems, Many researchers studied and proposed various solution methods in literatures on FEA(Finite Element Analysis) and the use of transition elements is considered as one of the solutions. This pater presents an isoparametric formulation for three dimensional transition finite element, especially the solid-flat shell transition element. The proposed solid-flat shell transition element is composed of the solid element with 8 nodes, 3 d.o.f and the flat shell element with 4 nodes, 6 d.o.f for the simple formula derivation and the usefulness of practical applications. Basic theories for solid element and flat shell element are studied at first and a possible method for realizing the solid-flat shell transition element is suggested. On the basis of these theoretical backgrounds, the formula which calculates the stiffness matrix of the solid-flat shell transition element is derived in detail and an algorithm available for computer programming is investigated lastly.

전통목구조해석의 문제점 분석과 개선방안

정성진(Jung, Sung-Jin) 대한건축학회 2017 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.33 No.10

In structure design practical fields, computer programs like MIDAS and SAP2000 etc. are widely used for the evaluation of the structural performance of the Korean traditional wood structures. It is necessary to use a reasonable analysis model and method for the evaluation of the structural performance. Considering the structural characteristics of the Korean traditional wood structures, it is appropriate to analyze lower frame composed of beam-columns and upper frame which is a roof structure separately. Especially, in the analysis including lateral loads like seismic or wind load etc., it seems to be reasonable to analyze lower frame with an assumption of roof frame as a rigid diaphragm. Because connections between columns and beams have very small rotational stiffness, lower frame may be unstable. So, in the structure design practical fields, connections are modelled by using various assumptions and linear analysis is performed mainly. However, irrationality may be included in these assumptions and analysis method unfortunately. Therefore, in this study, problems in the analysis models and methods for the Korean traditional wood structures, used in structure design practical fields, are investigated first, then some improvement plans are proposed on the basis of investigation results. Because the Korean traditional wood structures may have no high lever stabilities, it is necessary to perform geometric nonlinear analysis. So, geometric nonlinear analysis method including P-δ effect is studied.

모바일 배달 앱 이용의도에 관한 연구: 기술수용모델(TAM)을 적용하여

정성진(Sung-Jin Jung),김학선(Hak-Seon Kim) 한국조리학회 2020 한국조리학회지 Vol.26 No.12

단일곡률을 갖는 벽요소의 강성행렬식

정성진(Jung Sung-Jin),문정호(Moon Jeong-Ho) 대한건축학회 2007 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.23 No.11

The importance of nonlinear analysis for building structures is more and more increasing recently. In the case of the nonlinear analysis for the shear wall structure system, a macro analytic model with axial spring, shear spring, and bending spring has been used due to economical efficiency and time saving. Although some macro analytic models for shear wall structure are implemented in some computer programs like ETABS, SAP2000, MIDAS, neoMAX-3D, these models are restricted to shallow walls because they have double curvatures. In this study, a method for the transformation of member forces into nodal loads is suggested, and a stiffness matrix based on this transformation method is presented for the analysis of shear wall structure. The stiffness matrix presented in this paper is about a macro analytic model with single curvature. A finite element analysis is performed for the verification of the wall element presented in this paper. Lastly, the results of finite element analysis are compared with theoretical solution and the analysis results using RAM, SAP2000, MIDAS, and neoMAX-3D programs.