Demonstration of Biofuel for Power Generation

전화연,전철환,도진우,김재곤 한국공업화학회 2020 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2020 No.-

In these days, many countries carry out many renewable energy policies to increase therenewable energy portion and to reduce the GHG (Green House Gas). In Korea, RPS(Renewable Portfolio Standards) focused on over 500MW power producers is conducting. And they are using the bio-fuel oil to meet their RPS quota. The bio-fuel oil is a mixture of animal and vegetable fat or fatty acid ester of them and should satisfy some specifications to use the power generation such as viscosity, pour point, acid number. In this study, we investigate fuel characteristic of power bio-fuel for power generation during 5 years in demonstration project.

중년여성의 건강증진행위와 갱년기 증상 연구

전화연,조영임,임현빈,전찬수,성영희 동남보건대학 2004 論文集-東南保健大學 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship among the health promotion behavior, self-reported climacteric symptoms on a cross-sectional survey design. The sample consisted of 106 middle-aged women, aged from 45 to 60. They were selected in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The data were collected during one month period from August 25 to September 25, 2003. The tools used for the study were a structured questionnaire, a revised Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile(HPLP) developed by Walker, Sechrist and Pender, and a revised Subjective Symptoms of Climacteric Scale developed by the researcher. The data were analyzed by using frequency. percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, and Cronbach's alpha through the SPSS Win 10.1 version. The results of the study are as follows : 1) The mean age of the subjects was 49.76 years old. 2) The mean score of health promotion behavior was 3.22 and standard deviation was 0.42. Comparison of the order of the scores between the 6 subcateory for the heaIth promotion behaviors showed the highest score was for interpersonaI support (3.62±0.52), then self-actualization (3.58±0.49), nutrition (3.39±0.59), stress management (3.01±0.61), health res ponsibility(2.95±0.61), and exercise(2.85±0.85) in that order. 현대과학과 의료기술 동의 발달로 인해 현재 우리 나라의 평균 수명은 연장되어 점차 사회는 고령화사회로 급격한 변화를 보이고 있다. 특히 여성의 평균수명이 급속히 상숭하였고(2020년 평균수명 81.7세로 추정),한국여성 인구의 분포현황 및 변화 추이를 보면 폐경에 접어드는 45세 이상 여성은 2000년대에 668만 명에 달하고,전체 여성인구에 대한 상대적인 점유율도 1960년 17.4%에서 1990년 23.0%로 증가를 보였으며,2020년에는 45.3%0179만 명)를 보일 것으로 추정하고 있다.(유한기, 1999) 중년기는 청년기와 노년기의 중간 연령층으로 이 시기의 특성은 자기가 이룬 가정과 사회적 지위, 경제적 이유 등으로 가장 안정 되고 만족스러운 시기이지만, 자녀와 노부모에 대한 책임이 있고 국가와 사회에 중책을 맡아야 하며, 신체적으로는 점차 쇠퇴 현상 이 나타나 감소되어 가는 체력에 적응해야 하는 시기이다. 사회가 발전함에 따라 인간의 수명이 길어지고, 생활수준이 향상 됨에 따라 중년기 이후의 기간이 길어지고, 이 기간동안 보다 건강하고 질적인 삶을 살고자 하는 욕구가 중가하고 있다 중년기는 생리 적인 변화 뿐만 아니라 역할의 변화, 자아정체감의 변화와 함께 여러 가지 건강문제가 나타날 수 있다.(이경혜,장춘자,1992) 특히 여성의 경우는 폐경기가 오며 생의 위기 혹은 생의 전환기라고 할만큼 신체적으로나 심리적으로 타격이 커서 어려움이 따를 수 있다. 여성은 더 오랜 기간동안 많은 질병의 고통 속에서 살고 있으며,폐경 이후의 갱년기 중상 또한 빠른 추세로 나타나고 있다.

Properties analysis and industrial process application of waste plastic pyrolysis oil for circular economy

전화연,김재곤,김목연,민영제 한국공업화학회 2022 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2022 No.-

HEFA 공정 바이오항공유의 구성성분별 혼합에 따른 품질변화 분석

전화연,박조용,고영훈,김재곤 한국분석과학회 2023 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.5

장애아 어머니의 부담감과 사회적지지에 관한 연구

전화연,권혜정,김상진,Jun, Hoa-Yun,Kwon, Hye-Jeoung,Kim, Sang-Jin 대한물리치료과학회 1997 대한물리치료과학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Mothers of handicapped children experience many problems and difficulties related to the child's prolonged dependency and demands for special care. Social support can be identified as stress-relieving factor, social support is considered to decrease the amount of negativeness in an individual or family. This study attempted to identify the level of burden and social support in mothers of children who are handicapped, and to determine whether social support is an effective strategy for burden relief in these mothers. The method used in the study was a correlational descriptive survey using a questionnaire. The subjects for the study were 42 mothers who have the handicapped children, between two to twelve years of age, being treated at S General Welfare House for Handicapped and S Rehabilitation Center in Seoul. The data were collected during 1 month from March 20 to April 20, 1996. The instruments used for this study was a structured questionnaire which was the Burden scale developed by Suh Mihae and Oh Kasil(1993) and the PRQ(Personal Resource Questionnaire) scale developed by Brandt & Weinert(1981). The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS computer program, yielding frequencies, percentiles, means, standard deviations, $x^{2}$-test, Pearson's correlation coefficienct, t-test and ANOVA. The results of this study are as follows ; 1)The range of age in the subjects was $29{\sim}44$ years, the range age in the handicapped children was $2{\sim}12$ years. 2) The mean score of burden, for the mothers of the handicapped children was 2.75(standard deviation was 0.47) of a possible total of 5. 3) The mean score of social support, for the mothers of the handicapped children was 4.99 (standard deviation was 0.59) of a possible total of 7. 4) There was an negative correlations hip between burden level and the social support, but there was no statistically significant correlationship between burden level and the social support(r = -.2252, p = .076) 5) In the general characteristics influencing on the burden level was significantly related with the sex(t = - 2.87, p = .007) and the degree of child's handicap level(F = 11.8680, p = .000l). In the general characteristics influencing on the social support was significantly related with the family(husband) support(F = 3.5199, p = .0240). There were significant differences in the mother's levels of burden depending upon the severity of child's handicap. In other words, the degree of mother's burden was directly proportionate to the degree of child's handicap level. There were significant differences in the mother's levels of social support depending upon the family(husband) support. In conclusion, on the basis of the results of this study, there was no statistically significant correlationship between burden level and the social support. Above results suggest that strategies for the intervention programs in diminishing the mother's burden and reinforcing the social support.

청소년 대상 진로척도 연구동향 분석: 국내 학술지 중심으로

전화연,백연우,김봉환 한국청소년학회 2021 청소년학연구 Vol.28 No.10

The purpose of this study is to analyze the contents of the career scale components measured in domestic career counseling research, focusing on measurement tools, and to make suggestions for future career counseling and research. From 2001 to 2020, targeting 65 scales used in the study of career scales for youth Contents were analyzed based on understanding and exploration, career information search, career planning and decision-making, psychological support, etc. As a result, first, career-related scales have been continuously developed since 2001, and the scales studied between 2011 and 2020 accounted for 67.7% of the total career-related scales, and have been more actively developed since 2010. Second, among adolescents, the scale targeting university students accounted for the most at 70%, and among them, many scales were developed to limit measurement to specific subjects among college students, such as college students with disabilities, college freshmen. In addition, the scale measuring the integrated target such as middle and high school students and college students was 18%. Third, when classified based on the Career Net appeal problem classification table, most of the scales evaluated ‘etc’, and the number of scales that evaluated ‘career information search’ was small. Discussions and suggestions are presented based on the results of this study. 본 연구는 국내 진로상담 연구에서 측정되고 있는 진로척도 구성 요소를 중심으로 측정도구를 분석하고, 향후 진로상담과 연구에 제언하는 것에 목적이 있다. 2001년부터 2020년까지 청소년 대상 진로척도 연구에서 사용된 65개의 척도를 대상으로 연구대상, 시기, 진로척도 구성요소별 척도의 현황을 커리어넷 상담 호소문제 분류표(자기 이해 및 탐색, 진로정보 탐색, 진로계획 및 의사결정, 심리적 지원, 기타)를 기준으로 내용을 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 2001년부터 진로척도는 꾸준히 개발되고 있으며, 2011년에서 2020년 사이에 연구된 척도가 전체 진로관련 척도의 67.7%로 2010년 이후로 더 활발히 개발되고 있다. 둘째, 청소년 중에서도 대학생을 대상으로 하는 척도가 70%로 가장 많았으며, 그중 장애 대학생, 대학신입생, 전문대학생 등 대학생 중 특정 대상으로 한정하여 측정하는 척도가 다수 개발되었다. 또한 중·고등학생, 고등학생·대학생 등을 혼합한 대상을 측정하는 척도는 18%로 나타났다. 셋째, 커리어넷 호소문제 분류표를 기준으로 구분해보면, ‘기타’에 해당하는 부분이 가장 많았으며, ‘진로정보 탐색’에 대해 평가하는 척도의 개수가 적었다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 논의 및 제언을 제시하였다.

응급구조과 학생이 임상실습시 경험하는 스트레스요인에 관한 분석

전화연,김걸,안홍기 한국응급구조학회 1999 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.3 No.1

This study is attempted for the purpose of clearly understanding the stressors which emergency medical technology students experience during clinical practice, giving guidance in desirable direction and improvement of clinical practice, and giving the basic materials so that emergency medical technology students may practice effectively. The design of this study was a descriptive survey. The subjects in this study were 59 emergency medical technology students who were 2nd grade in D college. The collection of questionnaires took 3 days from September 1, 1999 to September 3, 1999. This researcher explained the purpose of this study to students, after they agreed to this survey, the researcher gave the questionnaire to them had them answer the questions and collected the questionnaire immediately. Data analysis included percentage, mean and standard deviation. t-test and ANOVA trough SPSS computer program. The results of this study are, briefly, as follows; 1. In 'satisfaction-degree to specializing in the science of emergency medical technology' 27.1% of the subjects is revealed as 'satisfied' and in 'satisfaction-degree of clinical practice', 8.5% of the subjects is revealed as 'satisfied' 2. Viewed from each of the categories of stressors which emergency medical technology students experience during clinical practice, 'ideals and values' is the category in which emergency medical technology students experience most severe stress at a mean 3.25 and 'personal relations' is the category in which emergency medical technology students experience mildest stress at a mean 2.82. The total stress degree mean is 3.06, which emergency medical technology students experience during clinical practice is revealed as 'moderate' stress. 3. Considering the stressor involved in each category, the results are as follows; (1) In 'environment', 'orientation to the hospital before clinical practice' is revealed as the most severe stressor at a menu 3.44. (2) In 'personal relations', 'relations with doctor and nurse' is revealed as the most severe stressor at a mean 3.59. (3) In 'role', 'unilaterally when their role is seems to be obscure' is revealed as the most severe stressor at a mean 4.10. (4) In 'ideals and values', 'difference between college practice and hospital practice' is revealed as the most severe stressor at a mean 3.88. (5) In 'activity', 'repetition of simple and functional work during clinical practice' is revealed as the most severe stressor at a mean3.98. (6) In 'total stress factors', 'unilaterally when their role is seems to be obscure' is revealed as the most severe stress factor at a mean 4.10 and 'relations with comrade students' is revealed as the stress factor causing mildest stress at a mean 2.20. 4. Considering the relationship between the categories of stressors and the general characteristics, the results are as follows; (1) 'Environment' is revealed as being positively correlated with 'satisfaction degree of clinical practice'(F=3.53, p= .0359). (2) 'Ideals and values' is revealed as being correlated with 'sex'(t=-2.31, p= .0240) and 'satisfaction degree of clinical practice' (F=3.31, p= .0438).

학생생활상담소 2005학년도 활동보고 : 2005. 1. 1. - 2005. 12. 31.

전화연 숙명여자대학교 학생생활지도연구소 2006 學生生活硏究 Vol.28 No.-

공공병원 간호사의 직무만족도 연구

전화연,조영임,고정은,김순오,박찬병,황정례 동남보건대학 2003 論文集-東南保健大學 Vol.21 No.2

This research was conducted to identify job satisfaction of medical center nurses. The purpose of this study is to provide a basic source of data to increase job satisfaction medical nurses. The sample consisted of 64 nurses of a medical center located in Suwon. The data were collected during a one month period from September 1 to 30, 2003. The tool used for the study was a structured questionnaire which was Slavitt's job satisfaction scale. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, χ^2-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, and Cronbach's alpha by use of the SPSS Win 10.1. The results of the study are as follows : 1) The mean age of subjects was 30.00 years old. 42.2% of the respondents were married and 70.3% were graduates of 3-year colleges. 2) The mean job satisfaction level was 3.09 and the standard deviation was .24. The level of job satisfaction is revealed a 'moderate' satisfaction. Comparing the scores between 7 factors of job satisfaction, the highest score was obtained at the level of professional status(3.60), interaction(3.59), autonomy(3.50), nurse-doctor relationship(3.02), administration(2.81), task requirement(2.70), and pay(2.52) in order. 3) In the correlation among 7 factors of job satisfaction, pay was significantly related with the administration(r= .331, p= .009) and interaction(r=- .305, p= .016). Professional status was significantly related with the nurse-doctor relationship(r= .349, p= .005) and autonomy(r= .497, p= .000). Nurse-doctor relationship was significantly related with the administration(r= .403, p= .001), autonomy(r= .263, p= .038) and task requirement(r= .279, p= .027). Administration was significantly related with the autonomy(r= .311, p= .014) and task requirement(r= .313, p= .013). Autonomy was significantly related with the interaction(r= .390, p= .002). 4) As for general characteristics influencing on the job satisfaction, married status was significantly related with professional status(t=-2.801, p= .007) while working place was significantly related with pay(F=2.847, p= .032), nurse-doctor relationship(F=8.702, p= .000), administration(F=2.857, p= .031) and total job satisfaction(F=3.278, p= .018).

경유연료의 세탄가, 유도세탄가 및 세탄지수의 상관관계 분석

전화연,김지연,김신,임의순 한국응용과학기술학회 2018 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.35 No.4

세탄가는 경유의 품질기준 중 하나로써 디젤엔진에 사용되는 경유 연료의 착화성을 평가하는 항목이다. 세탄가 기준은 현재 자동차용 경유 기준으로 52 이상이며, 일반적으로 세탄가가 높으면 시동성이 좋고 운전이 원활해지나 지나치게 높으면 연소가 불균일해져 매연의 원인이 되고 연료소비량이 증가한 다. 현재 국내의 품질시험방법에 규정되어있는 세탄가 측정방법은 CFR엔진을 이용한 세탄가분석, 경유의 밀도와 증류유출온도를 통하여 세탄가를 산출하는 세탄지수, CFR엔진의 단점을 보완하여 고온에서 연료의 연소되는 시간을 통해 세탄가를 측정하는 유도세탄가 등이 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 세탄가를 정유사별, 하·동절기별 시료를 확보하고 이를 분석하여 다양한 인자들에 의한 세탄가 측정방법의 상관관계에 대하여 분석하였다. 이를 통하여 세탄가, 유도세탄가, 세탄지수 순으로 세탄가가 높게 측정 되는 것을 확인하였고, 이를 통하여, 현재 편의성을 이유로 많이 사용되는 세탄지수로 인하여 세탄가 품질미달이 발생할 수 있기 때문에 이에 대한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. Cetane Number is one of the quality standard for diesel, which assesses the compatibility of ignition quality of diesel compression in diesel engines. Cetane number must be upper 52 to keep the recent diesel quality standards. It is known that if cetane number is high, there will be shorter ignition delay periods than being lower. On the other hands, if cetane number is too high that exceeds the quality standard, there will increase the air pollution and decrease of the fuel efficiency because incomplete combustion. In South Korea, various methods are being used to measure the cetane number such as cetane number that used CFR engine, cetane index from calculate density and distillation temperature and derived cetane number to make up for CFR engine that ignition delay in high temperature is implemented. In this study will be conducted by collecting the diesel from the major oil companies, and try to analyze the correlation between the different methods of cetane number with various factors. At the results of this study, it was shown that the cetane index is high then cetane engine and derived cetane number. therefore it will be necessary to additional research for out of cetane number quality standards.