야산개간지(野山開墾地)에서 근류균(根瘤菌) 접종(接種) 및 석회(石灰) 비종별(肥種別) 시용(施用)이 땅콩 생육(生育)에 미치는 영향 -1. 식물체중(植物體中) 양분함량(養分含量) 및 수량(收量)

이덕배,임건재,권태오,이상복,소재돈,Lee, Deog-Bae,Im, Geon-Jae,Kwon, Tae-Oh,Lee, Sang-Bok,So, Jae-Don 한국토양비료학회 1991 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.24 No.3

질소무시용하(窒素無施用下)에서 소석회(消石灰), 고토석회(苦土石灰), 탄산석회(炭酸石灰)는 중화량(中和量), 황산석회(黃酸石灰)는 10a당(糖) 150kg시용(施用)하고 비닐피복후(被覆後) $40{\times}25cm$ 재식거리(栽植距離)로 1989년(年) 4월(月) 26일(日) 파종(播種)하여 호남(湖南) 작시(作試) 선발(選拔) 우량질소(優良窒素) 고정균(固定菌)(B. sp HCR-46)을 종자(種字) 1입당(粒當) $8.2{\times}10^7$ cell의 농도(濃度)로 접종(接種)한뒤 영호(嶺湖)땅콩의 종실성분(種實成分)의 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 땅콩에 착생(着生)한 근류수, 근류건중(根瘤乾重) 그리고 지하부건중(地下部乾重)은 근류균(根瘤菌) 접종(接種)으로 증가(增加)되었으며, 석회비종별(石灰肥種別)로는 탄산석회(炭酸石灰)>고토석회(苦土石灰)>소석회(消石灰)>무시용(無施用)>황산석회순(黃酸石灰順)이었다. 2. 근류균(根瘤菌) 접종(接種)으로 잎과 줄기중(中) T-N, $K_2O$, MgO, Allantoin, Ammonia, 유리(遊離)아미노산함량(酸含量), 엽록소함량(葉綠素含量)은 증가(增加)되었으나 Nitrate 와 줄기중(中) 전당(全糖), 전분(澱粉)의 함량(含量)은 감소(減少)되었다. 3. 잎과 줄기중(中) T-N, 유리(遊離)아미노산(酸), 엽록소함량(葉綠素含量)은 탄산석회시용구(炭酸石灰施用區)에서, $K_2O$, MgO, Allantoin, Ammonia 함량(含量)은 고토석회시용구(苦土石灰施用區)에서, CaO와 Nitrate함량(含量)은 소석회시용구(消石灰施用區)에서 가장 높았다. 4. 줄기중(中) 전당함량(全糖含量)은 황산석회(黃酸石灰)>무시용(無施用)>소석회(消石灰)>탄산석회(炭酸石灰)>고토석회순(苦土石灰順)이었다. 5. 야산개간지(野山開墾地)에서 석회비종별(石灰肥種別) 토양개량효과를 보면 탄산석회(炭酸石灰)는 산도교정력(酸度矯正力)과 Ca공급력(供給力)이 우수(優秀)했으며, 고토석회(苦土石灰)는 Mg공급력(供給力)이 우수(優秀)하였다. 6. 근류균(根瘤菌) 접종(接種)으로 주경장(主莖長), $m^2$당협수가 유의적(有意的)으로 증가(增加)했으며 종실수량(種實收量)은 무접종(無接種)보다 64%증가(增加)되었다. 석회비종별(石灰肥種別)로 보면 주경장(主莖長), 분지수, 종실수량(種實收量)은 탄산석회(炭酸石灰)>고토석회(苦土石灰)>소석회(消石灰)>황산석회(黃酸石灰)>무시용순(無施用順)이었다. This study was carried out to investigate the influence of inoculation with Bradyrhizobia and lime types on the nutrient content and yield of peanut. Inoculation size of Bradyrhizobium sp. HCR-46 was $8.2{\times}10^7$ cells per seed. Slaked lime, magnesium lime, and calcium carbonate were applied in an amount required for neutralization of soil. 150kg of calcium sulfate was fertilized to 10a of the experimental field. Sowing space was $40{\times}25cm$ under vinyl mulching. Leaves and stems for assay were sampled at 100 day after sowing. The obrained results are as follows. 1. Number and dry weight of nodule as well as dry weight of aerial part of peanut plant increased by inoculation with B. sp. and were the highest in calcium carbonate application. 2. Inoculated with B. sp., the contents of T-N, $K_2O$, MgO, allantoin, ammonia, free amino acid and chlorophyll increased, but that of nitrate decreased. 3. The contents of T-N, free amino acid, and chlorophyll were higher in the treatment of calcium carbonate, those of $K_2O$, MgO, allantoin, ammonia were higher in magnesium lime application, and those of CaO and nitrate were higher in slaked lime fertilization than any other lime types. 4. Contents of total sugar and starch in stem at 100 days were higher in the treatment of uninoculation than inoculation with B. sp., and those were highest in the calcium sulfate application than the other lime types. 5. Inoculated with B. sp. length of main stem and number of pods increased significantiy. Yield of seed was higher in inoculation with B. sp. than in uninoculation by 64%, and in the order of carbonate, magnesium lime, slaked lime, in calcium sulfate and non-application was the contribution of soil treatments to yield increases.

작물체중 Metalaxyl 의 잔류분석을 위한 ELISA 의 응용

이강봉,임건재,정영호,서용택 ( Kang Bong Lee,Geon Jae Im,Young Ho Jung,Yong Tack Suh ) 한국환경농학회 1995 한국환경농학회지 Vol.14 No.1

The cross-reactivities of antibody derived from rabbit immunized with metalaxyl-HSA conjugate were identified to 44% and 28% for metalaxyl acid and metolachlor respectively. The detection range of metalaxyl in competitive ELISA was 5 ppb to 5 ppm. The recoveries of metalaxyl in ELISA for 6 crops; potato, sesame, pepper, cabbage, cucumber and onion was ranged 77.5-103.6%. In this test, CV% were calculated below 10% except for sesame sample as shown 21.5%.

Metalaxyl 의 다클론 항체생산과 최적 ELISA 조건

이강봉,임건재,정영호,서용택 ( Kang Bong Lee,Geon Jae Im,Young Ho Jung,Yong Tack Suh ) 한국환경농학회 1994 한국환경농학회지 Vol.13 No.1

A competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was developed to detect and quantify levels of the fungicide metalaxyl in crops. Antiserum against metalaxyl was demonstrated in rabbits immunized with metalaxyl-human serum albumin(HSA) conjugate. Metalaxyl-protein conjugate was prepared by mixed anhydride and peptide coupling method with EDC. In this assay, metalaxyl-ovalbumin(OA) was coated(8㎍/㎖) on the microtiter plate, which was incubated for 1 hr at 4℃ or 4 hr at 37℃ with diluted antiserum(1:2,000). The optimum volume ratio of antigen and antibody mixture was 0.5: 1, which was incubated for 1 hr at 20℃. The detection of metalaxyl bound on the surface of wells was determined by the reaction(30 min) of antirabbit Ig G-peroxidase conjugate with its substrate.

농약 잔류 시험을 위한 연속수확 엽채소류의 외삽

손경애(Son Kyeong-Ae),임건재(Geon-Jae Im),홍수명(Su-Myeong Hong),김찬섭(Chan Sub Kim),길근환(Geun-Hwan Gil),진용덕(Yong-Duk Jin),김진배(Jinba Kim),임양빈(Yang Bin Ihm),고현석(Hyeon Seok Ko),김장억(Jang Eok Kim) 한국농약과학회 2013 농약과학회지 Vol.17 No.4

This study was carried out to investigate the pesticide residue pattern among different leafy vegetables applied with foliar spraying under greenhouse and to check extrapolating from some residue trial data to other minor crops. Leafy vegetables used in this study were: Mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.), Kale (Brassica oleracea L.), Dacheongchae (a kind of pak-choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis L.)), Leaf broccoli (Brassica oleracea var alboglabra), Perilla leaf (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. Frutescens), Leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) and Red leaf chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum Hegi). These are cultivated all year under indoor or outdoor and cut the leaf from plant continuously during harvest time. The amounts of pesticide deposit in/on the continuous harvesting leafy vegetables were affected by the ratios of leaf area to weight. Ratio of perilla leaf was the largest among crops as 58 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/g. The residue levels of 7 pesticides in/on perilla leaf were the highest than those of other crops through the statistical analysis from zero day to fifth day after last application. The representative crop in 8 crops was perilla leaf selected based on the amounts of daily consumption and the high residues. This study suggest that the continuous harvesting leafy greens should be separated from the one time harvesting leafy vegetables for the pesticide recommendations because of different harvesting habits and pre-harvest intervals.

형태적 특성이 다른 들깻잎, 상추, 케일 중 농약 잔류량 비교

손경애(Kyeong-Ae Son),임건재(Geon-Jae Im),홍수명(Su-Myeong Hong),김진배(Jin Bae Kim),임양빈(Yang Bin Ihm),고현석(Hyeon Seok Ko),김장억(Jang Eok Kim) 한국농약과학회 2012 농약과학회지 Vol.16 No.4

This study was carried out in order to compare the residue levels of pesticides among lettuce, kale and perilla leaf depending on the morphological characteristics of plant. Residue levels were investigated at the zero, second, fifth days after last application, 9 species of systemic or non-systemic pesticide were twice applied with 7 days interval by knapsack power sprayer with 2 heads fan shape nozzle. Ratios of leaf area to weight (cm² g^-1) were 58 of perilla leaf, 27 of lettuce and 23 of kale. Ratios of leaf area to weight of perilla leaf was 2.1 times higher than that of lettuce. Residue levels of perilla leaf were 1.3 to 2.3 times higher than those of lettuce at the day of spraying and 1.3 to 3.3 times higher at the fifth day. Therefore the differences of pesticide residues between perilla leaf and lettuce were affected by the ratio of leaf area to weight. Residue levels in lettuce were 2.4 to 7.3 times higher than those in kale at the day of spraying because the adhesive effect of pesticide particles on kale leaf was low.

마요네즈 살포에 의한 오이흰가루병 방제

김진경,심창기,박상원,박병준,지형진,김원일,권오경,임건재,Kim, Jin-Kyoung,Shim, Chang-Ki,Park, Sang-Won,Park, Byung-Jun,Jee, Hyeong-Jin,Kim, Won-Il,Kwon, Oh-Kyung,Im, Geon-Jae 한국유기농업학회 2009 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.17 No.4

시판 마요네즈를 이용하여 오이 흰가루병에 대한 방제효과를 시험하였다. 마요네즈를 0.5~2% 농도로 물에 희석하여 흰가루병이 발병된 오이에 6일 간격 3회 처리했을 때 8.3~99.2% 방제효과를 나타내었다. 90% 이상의 방제효과를 보인 마요네즈 희석액 중 2-3엽의 어린모에서 약해가 없었던 농도는 0.5%이었다. 마요네즈 중 기름함량이 78~80% 수준인 일반 마요네즈와 기름함량을 38~70%로 줄인 저지방 마요네즈의 흰가루병 방제력을 비교했을때 저지방 마요네즈는 방제율은 39.3~59.8% 수준으로 일반마요네즈에 비해 방제율이 떨어졌다. 마요네즈가 처리된 잎의 엽록소 함량은 발병구에 비해 엽록소 함량이 약 3배 정도 높게 조사되어 처리된 마요네즈가 오이 잎의 광합성을 저해하지 않으면서 흰가루병을 효과적으로 방제함을 확인하였다. This study was conducted to develop an organic control of powdery mildews of cucumber by using mayonnaise in green house. The treatment of 0.1~2% mayonnaise resulted in 8.3%~99.2% control efficiencies against powdery mildew of cucumber. 0.5% mayonnaise treatment resulted control values over 97% in disease. It did not adversely affected the photosynthesis of foliages. Although one application of mayonnaise to the foliage was not practically effective enough, two or three application of mayonnaise to the foliage at the 0.5% concentration resulted in excellent control against powdery mildews. This treatment could provide protection for 10~14 days after application. Among the type of mayonnaise, general mayonnaise revealed 97.5% control value, but mayonnaise containing low oil content revealed 39.3%~97.5% control values on powdery mildews at the 0.5% concentration. Therefore, oil content in mayonnaise played a essential material to control powdery mildew. Results indicated that mayonnaise could be used as organic control of powdery mildews of cucumber. This control might be environmentfriendly as well as cost-effective.

ACCase계 저해제 저항성 피의 cyhalofop-butyl 약량별 반응 및 검정법

문병철(Byeong-Chul Moon),박재읍(Jae-Eup Park),이인용(In-Yong Lee),박태선(Tae-Seon Park),박종민(Jong-Min Park),김도순(Do-Soon Kim),진용덕(Yong-Duk Jin),권혜영(Hye-Yong Kwon),임건재(Geon-Jae Im) 韓國雜草學會 2009 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.29 No.4

본 시험은 서산 및 수원지역에서 수집한 물피를 이용해서 저항성 여부를 조기에 확인하기 위한 검정법확립을 위해 수행하였다. Cyhalofop-butyl 유제의 처리약량이 증가할수록 수집 생태형별 신초 재생양상은 다른 경향을 보였다. 약량별 신초재생의 차이는 ha당 유효성분량 25g 처리에서 절단 12일 후, 50g 처리이후는 절단 후 3일부터 크게 다른 경향을 보였다. 유효성분량 100g 처리까지는 수원 수집종에서도 이후 시간경과에 따라서 점차 신초가 재생되는 경향을 보였으나 200g 처리 이후부터 재생이 현저하게 억제되었으며 400g 처리에서는 거의 재생되지 않았다. 저항성(R)-물피 4엽기 및 5엽기에 대한 cyhalofop-butyl 유체의 생체중 50% 억제농도(GR50)는 ha당 유효성 분량이 각각 158.1g, 264.2g 이었으며 4, 5엽기별 감수성생태형 50%억제농도에 대한 저항성비(R/S값)는 각각 3.4, 5.7배의 저항성을 보였다. ACCase 저항성피를 효율적으로 관리하기 위해서는 저항성을 조기에 검지할 수 있는 간이 신속검정법 확립이 매우 중요하기 때문에 제초제 처리 24시간 후 지제부로부터 3cm 위 줄기부위를 절단하고 신초 재생여부에 따라서 저항성을 판정할 수 있는 방법을 구명하였다. Two biotypes of E crus-galli var crus-galli were collected from Seosan Hyundai farm, Seosan (resistant biotype) and Suwon (susceptible biotype) in 2007 and tested with cyhalofop-butyl, to establish method diagnosing rapidly if E. crus-galli seeds corrected were resistant to cyhalofop-butyl EC. The results are summarized as follows. Germination of new shoot in the a part cut 24 hours after treatment with cyhalofop-butyl EC was responded differently by biotypes of E. crus-galli collected. In case of Suwon biotypes, the shoot in the cutting parts was not almost germinated in the treatment above standard amount whereas it was germinated from 3days after cutting in most treatment of Seosan biotypes (R). R/S ratios by dose-responses of Seosan (R) and Suwon biotypes (S) in the lower cutting parts after treatment with cyhalofop-butyl EC showed values of 3.4 and 5.7 at 4 and 5 leaf stage, respectively. Accordingly, judgement by response of shoot in the parts cutting 24 hours after treatment was considered to be effective as method to diagnose rapidly if E. crus-galli were resistant to cyhalofop-butyl.

제형에 따른 농약의 작물체 부착성 및 잔류성

김진배(Jin-Bae Kim),송병훈(Byung-Hun Song),전재철(Jae-Chul Chun),임건재(Geon-Jae Im),임양빈(Yang-Bin Im) 한국농약과학회 1997 농약과학회지 Vol.1 No.1

잔류농약 다성분 동시분석을 위한 기체 크로마토그래피 분석성능과 3종 분배용매에 의한 농약추출

김찬섭(Chan-Sub Kim),김진배(Jin-Bae Kim),임건재(Geon-Jae Im),박현주(Hyun-Ju Park),이영득(Young-Deuk Lee) 한국농약과학회 2009 농약과학회지 Vol.13 No.3

In order to develop the simultaneous analytical method for pesticide residues which ones in soil are rapidly and inexpensively measured by, many analytical methods for individual pesticide residue and several methods for multi-pesticide residues in agricultural commodities and food were reviewed. Various gas chromatographic conditions and pre-treatment procedures were intensively investigated and modified. And then new optimum procedure was established and its proficiency was validated. The response on detectors of simultaneous determination of 180 pesticides out of pesticides used in Korea was tested. The number of pesticides that their limits of detection (LOD) equal or lower than 0.05 mg ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP> were 137 pesticides on ECD, 170 pesticides on NPD and 179 pesticides on ECD/NPD integrated. The retention times of most pesticides ranged appropriately between 10 minutes and 40 minutes in the proposed chromatographic conditions. But about 90 pesticides eluded between 20 minutes and 30 minutes and so they were not resolved enough. In partition with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate/hexane (1:1) and ethyl acetate, number of pesticides whose extraction efficiency ranged from 70% to 120%, were 163, 154 and 147, respectively.

Degradation of the Selected Pesticides by Gas Discharge Plasma

Zaw Win Min,Su-Myeong Hong(홍수명),Chul-Kyoon Mok(목철균),Geon-Jae Im(임건재) 한국농약과학회 2012 농약과학회지 Vol.16 No.1

As increasing the use of pesticides both in number and amount to boost crop production, consumer concerns over food quality and safety with respect to residual pesticides are also continuously increasing. However, there is still lacking of information that can effectively help to remove residual pesticides in foods. In recent years, contaminant removal by gas (or) glow discharge plasma (GDP) attracts great interests on environmental scientists because of its high removal efficiency and environmental compatibility. It was shown to be effective for the removal of some organophosphorus pesticides, phenols, benzoic acid, dyes, and nitrobenzene on solid substrate or in aqueous solution. This work mainly focuses on the removal of wide range of residual pesticides from fresh fruits and vegetables. As for preliminary study, the experiments were carried out to investigate whether GDP can be used as an effective tool for degrading target pesticides or not. With this objective, 60 selected pesticides drop wised onto glass slides were exposed to two types of GDP, dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBDP) and low pressure discharge plasma (LPDP), for 5 min. Then, they were washed with 2 mL MeCN which were collected and used for determination of remaining concentration of pesticides using LC-MS/MS. Among selected pesticides, degradation of 18 pesticides (endosulfan-total was counted as one pesticide) by GDP could not be examined because control treatments, which were left in ambient environment, of those pesticides recovered less than 70% or even did not recover. However, majority of tested pesticides (42) were degraded by both types of GDP with satisfactory recovery (>80%) of control sample. Pesticides degradation ranged from 66.88% to 100% were achieved by both types of plasma except clothianidin which degradation in LPDP was 26.9%. The results clearly indicate that both types of gas discharge plasma are promising tools for degrading wide range of pesticides on glass substrate.