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이효중,오동원,Min-Ju Na,Dong-Wook Kim,육동연,최형철,이용범,KunHan,박천웅 대한약학회 2017 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.40 No.8
Minoxidil is widely used for treatment ofandrogenic alopecia. Commercial products containingminoxidil are usually in solution form. Repeated applicationsof minoxidil solution can lead to adverse effects suchas skin irritation and horniness. The aims of this study wereto prepare lecithin-based microparticle in minoxidil solutionfor enhancement of minoxidil topical delivery and skinprotection and evaluate the ability of lecithin on in vitrodelivery, in vivo hair growth, and skin trouble improvementcompared to commercial minoxidil solution. Inin vitro skin permeation study, minoxidil solution containinglecithin microparticle showed higher skin penetrationrate and higher retention of drug inside the skincompared to minoxidil solution without lecithin. Aftertopical application of minoxidil solutions with or withoutlecithin to C57BL/6 mice, minoxidil 5% solution containinglecithin microparticle showed hair re-growth as efficientas commercial product of minoxidil 5% solution. Italso significantly improved skin troubles while commercialproduct presented horny substance and crust formation. Therefore, the lecithin-based microparticle in minoxidil5% solution has good ability to promote hair growthwithout adverse effects.
메조포러스 이산화티타늄 박막 기반 양자점-감응 태양전지
이효중,Lee, Hyo Joong 한국전기화학회 2015 한국전기화학회지 Vol.18 No.1
본 총설은 다공성의 메조포러스 이산화티타늄 박막을 기반으로 하는 양자점-감응 태양 전지의 최근 발전 과정에 대해 정리하였다. 나노스케일의 무기물 양자점이 가지는 본질적 특성에 기반하고 다양한 양자점 구성 물질을 이용하여, 용액-공정 기반의 다양한 3세대 박막 태양전지를 만들 수 있었다. 양자점 감응제는 준비하는 방법에 따라 크게 2가지로 나눌 수 있는데, 첫 번째는 콜로이드 형태로 용액상에서 준비한 다음 $TiO_2$ 표면에 붙이는 것이고 두 번째는 양자점 전구체가 녹아있는 화학조를 이용하여 직접 $TiO_2$ 표면에 성장시키는 것이다. 폴리썰파이드 전해질을 사용하여, 콜로이드 양자점 감응제의 경우는 최근 들어 정밀한 조성 조절을 통하여 전체 광전 변환효율이 ~7%에 이르렀고 화학조 침전법을 이용하여 준비된 대표적 감응제인 CdS/CdSe는 ~5%의 효율을 보이고 있다. 앞으로는 지금까지 보고된 양자점 감응제의 뛰어난 광전류 생성 능력을 유지하면서, 새로운 정공 전달체의 개발 및 계면 조절을 통한 개방 전압과 채움 상수의 개선을 통한 효율 증가 및 안정성에 관한 체계적 연구가 필요한 상황이다. This review article summarizes the recent progress of quantum dot (QD)-sensitized solar cells based on mesoporous $TiO_2$ thin films. From the intrinsic characteristics of nanoscale inorganic QDs with various compositions, it was possible to construct a variety of 3rd-generation thin film solar cells by solution process. Depending on preparation methods, colloidal QD sensitizers are pre-prepared for later deposition onto the surface of $TiO_2$ or in-situ deposition of QDs from chemical bath is done for direct growth of QD sensitizers over substrates. Recently, colloidal QD sensitizers have shown an overall power conversion efficiency of ~7% by a very precise control of composition while a representative CdS/CdSe from chemical bath deposition have done ~5% with polysulfide electrolytes. In the near future, it is necessary to carry out systematic investigations for developing new hole-conducting materials and controlling interfaces within the cell, thus leading to an enhancement of both open-circuit voltage and fill factor while keeping the current high value of photocurrents from QDs towards more efficient and stable QD-sensitized solar cells.
다수 조명의 채널별 융합을 이용한 CNN 기반 머신 비전 분류기
이효중,황영배 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.28 No.10
In this paper, a method of combining three grayscale images into a color image and applying it to a recent CNN-based classifier is proposed. Each of the three color channels is assigned by three gray-scale images of a target object taken under different lighting conditions using the same optical system. Consequently, a single virtual color image is obtained. By creating a virtual color image of the classified ball, the generated images and the original gray-scale image used for the machine vision inspection are composed as a dataset, and the classification results are compared by learning with ResNet-50. In the case of bump ball pressing/protrusion, the accuracy of defect classification is computed by conducting experiments five times. Through a comparative evaluation, the accuracy of general grayscale image classification was determined as between 80.2% and 95.5% (depending on lighting conditions), and the average accuracy rate was 89.6%. According to the combination method, the accuracy rate of the virtual color image was distributed between 94.2% and 97.3% and the average accuracy rate was 96.1%. Accordingly, we can confirm a comparative advantage and an average improvement effect of 6.5% in terms of stability and accuracy. .
이효중,Dae-Young Kim,Jung-Suk Yoo,방지원,김성지,박수문 대한화학회 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.6
Anchoring quantum dots (QDs) onto thermodynamically stable, large band gap oxide semiconductors is a very important strategy to enhance their quantum yields for solar energy conversion in both visible and near-IR regions. We describe a general procedure for anchoring a few chalcogenide QDs onto the titanium oxide layer. To anchor the colloidal QDs onto a mesoporous TiO2 layer, linker molecules containing both carboxylate and thiol functional groups were initially attached to TiO2 layers and subsequently used to capture dispersed QDs with the thiol group. Employing the procedure, we exploited cadmium selenide (CdSe) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots (QDs) as inorganic sensitizers for a large band gap TiO2 layer of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Their attachment was confirmed by naked eyes, absorption spectra, and photovoltaic effects. A few QD-TiO2 systems thus obtained have been characterized for photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion.
부여 ‘중앙성결교회유적’ 및 ‘뒷개유적’ 출토 목간 보고
심상육(沈相六),이미현(李美賢),이효중(李孝重) 한국목간학회 2011 목간과 문자 Vol.7 No.-
본 글은 2010년도에 백제 후기의 도성지인 부여읍 구아리에서 출토된 목간을 보고함에 그 목적이 있다. 신출 목간이 출토된 유적은 ‘부여 중앙성결교회유적’이며, 유적에서는 사비도성의 내부시설물로 판단되어지는 2단계에 걸친 수로와 건물 등이 확인되었다. 유적에서 출토된 신출목간은 그간 사비도성 지역에서 출토된 것과 같이 문서목간, 부찰목간 등과 같이 형태와 내용적인 면에서 흡사한 편이다. 하지만 한시를 연상케 하는 4언의 운문이 적힌 목간, 사비도성의 도성 5부체제와 관등 그리고 인명이 적힌 목간 그리고 부찰목간으로 그 당시 물품의 품목이 적힌 것 등 모두 13점의 목간이 좁은 유적지에서 확인되어 또 다른 그 당시의 문화를 탐구할 수 있는 자료를 획득하게 되었다. 본고에서는 목간에 대한 정확한 실측도 및 목간의 수종 파악, 판독문에 대한 해석문 등은 아직 이루어지지 못하였다. 이러한 사항은 이번의 보고 이후 목간에 대한 활발한 연구가 진행된 후 유적에 대한 발굴조사보고서에 다시 수록하도록 하겠다. 그리고 글 말미에 부여 뒷개유적에서 출토된 목간 또한 보고한다.
전훈,이효중,신범수,박천웅 한국약제학회 2018 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.48 No.3
The aim of the present study was to prepare and evaluate the once-a-day dual release tablets of sarpogrelate and to perform in vitro and in vivo characterization. Carboxymethylcellulose calcium and cellulose-derived polymer were used as release modifier in immediate release (IR) and extended release (ER) granules, respectively. Dual release tablets containing 300 mg of sarpogrelate were consisted of IR and ER granules as the drug ratio of 100:200 (DRT-1) and 75:225 (DRT-2). In vitro release profiles of the dual release tablets were provided an initial burst release portion (up to 1.5 h), then followed by a constant extended release portion (for 24 h). The initial release rate of dual release tablets was controlled by ratio of IR and ER. Anplag ® (100 mg) three times and dual release tablets (300 mg) once were administrated to beagle dogs, and evaluated the pharmacokinetics. It was indicated that oncea- day DRT-1 showed equivalent Cmax and AUC with conventional drug, and also good correlation between in vitro release faction and in vivo absorption fraction. The present study had a potential of once-a-day sarpogrelate tablet for improved patience compliance, safety and efficacy.