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이효종,박희성,김택석,최상용,박충생,Lee, Hyo-jong,Park, Hee-sung,Kim, Taeg-seog,Choe, Sang-yong,Park, Choong-saeng 대한수의학회 1989 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.29 No.2
Demi-embryos were successfully produced by bisection of ICR mouse embryos at preimplantation stages. They were microsurgically bisected using a microsurgical blade attached to a micromanipulator after pretreatment with 0.5% pronase in PBS for two minutes or not. Embryos with softened zona pellucida were more easily bisected and less damaged than intact embryos. The highest success rate in bisection has been achieved by selecting blastocysts(94.1% in success rate with intact blastocysts and 100% in success rate with zona softened blastocysts). Demi-embryos without zona pellucida were cultured in D-PBS or M-16 medium at $37^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ in air for 72 hours for 2-cell stage embryos, 48 hours for 4-to 8-cell stage embryos, 24 hours for morula stage embryos and 6~12 hours for blastocyst stage embryos. For the in vitro culture of 2-cell stage embryos, $100{\mu}M$ 2Na-EDTA was added to the media. M-16 medium was better for the in vitro development of mouse embryos than PBS, and PBS is not considered to be suitable for long-term culture of embryos, especially at early stage of cleavage. In M-16 medium, developing rate of demi-embryos of which pair underwent development to form eublastocysts was 15.8% at 2-cell stage, 16.8% at 4-cell stage, 38% at 8-cell stage, 89.6% at morula stage and 94.4% at blastocyst stage, respectively. The more rapid and efficient production of demi-embryos and higher viability after bisection can be expected by softening zona pellucida with pronase and by selecting morulae or blastocysts rather than embryos at early stage of cleavage.
Cu 필라 솔더 범프의 리플로우 전후 형상변화 및 모델링
김상혁 ( Sang Hyuk Kim ),신한균 ( Han Kyun Shin ),박채민 ( Chae Min Park ),김동욱 ( Dong Uk Kim ),차필령 ( Pil Ryung Cha ),이의형 ( Ui Hyoung Lee ),이효종 ( Hyo Jong Lee ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2015 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.53 No.7
A Cu pillar bump was fabricated by consecutive plating of Cu and Sn. Here, we investigated the change in shape of Sn, and the formation of intermetallic compound during the reflow process. At first, we made a cylindrical shape of Sn in various thickness and then, the Sn was changed into a truncated sphere (Sn bump) on a Cu pillar through the reflow process. When the Sn thickness was a third of the Cu pillar diameter, the reflowed bump radius had a minimum value and the bump-height change at that time had a maximum value. Such results were well understood based on the truncated sphere model.
한지훈,전중환,김동주,장홍희,구자민,김영기,이스캇,김은정,이희천,이효종,연성찬,Han, Ji-hoon,Jeon, Jung-hwan,Kim, Dong-joo,Chang, Hong-hee,Koo, Ja-min,Kim, Young-ki,Lee, Scott-s,Kim, Eun-jung,Lee, Hee-chun,Lee, Hyo-jong,Yeon, Seong-chan 대한수의학회 2005 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.45 No.2
This study was carried out to find out how space allowance affect the social behavior of Korean native cattle (Bos taurus coreanae) steers. Twelve Korean native cattle (Bos taurus coreanae) steers were used as subjects, each of which was 30-month-old and observation period was from June to July 2003. Five (T1) and seven (T2) steers were allotted to two pens of $5m{\times}10m$ in a building with slate roof and open sides respectively. They were fed at 09:00 h and 16:00 h, twice a day. The behaviors of steers were recorded from 06:00 h to 17:00 h, using two color CCD cameras (Samsung SDC-411, Korea), one B/W CCD cameras (Samsung SBC-340, Korea), one multiplexer (Samsung SDM-081, Korea) and a time lapse VCR (Samsung SRV-30, Korea). The behaviors of each steer were recorded every 2 min using an instantaneous point sampling method. While the mean percentage of time budget in WA of T1 was lower than that of T2 (p<0.05), the mean percentage of time budget in SF of T1 was higher than that of T2 (p<0.05). When it gets hot, steers in T1 rested from 10:00 h to 14:00 h when it gets cool, showing 40~80% of LD rate while steers in T2 rested from 12:00 h, when it very hot to 17:00 h, showing 20~50% of LD rate, which is relatively low. Steers in T1 were fed from 06:00 h to 08:00 h when it was cool and from 16:00 h to 18:00 h, showing 20~45% of EA rate while steers in T2 were fed from 08:00 h to 14:00 h when it was hot, showing 25~50% of EA rate. In conclusion, it turned out that the number of steers affected their social behavior, and T1 was better environment than T2 in terms of welfare.
이동식 BCI 시스템을 위한 싱글보드 시스템의 성능측정
이효종(Hyo Jong Lee),김현규(Hyun Kyu Kim),고용빈(Yongbin Gao) 대한전자공학회 2015 전자공학회논문지 Vol.52 No.3
뇌파 측정기는 의료용으로 주로 사용되는 유선 장비와 간편하게 사용되는 무선장비로 나뉜다. 이렇게 수집된 뇌파 신호는 신호 처리 시스템에서 목적에 맞게 특징 분석을 하게 된다. 무선 측정기의 경우 사용에 편리성을 제공하지만 실시간 신호 처리를 위한 계산력이 충분한 모바일 시스템이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 싱글보드 시스템에서 BCI 시스템의 응용을 위한 뇌파신호 처리를 시도하였다. 불행하게도 싱글보드 시스템은 기존 신호 처리 시스템과는 달리 연산 성능이 제한이 되는데 여러 대의 싱글보드 시스템을 이용하여 병렬처리 함으로써 연산 성능의 향상을 시도하였다. 그 결과 뇌파 신호 처리 알고리즘의 연산성능이 초선형으로 증가하는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. The EEG system can be classified as a wired or wireless device. Each device used for the medical or entertainment purposes. The collected EEG signals from sensor are analyzed using feature extractions. A wireless EEG system provides good portability and convenience, however, it requires a mobile system that has heavy computing power. In this paper a single board system is proposed to handle EEG signal processing for BCI applications. Unfortunately, the computing power of a single board system is limited unlike general desktop systems. Thus, parallel approach using multiple single board systems is investigated. The parallel EEG signal processing system that we built demonstrates superlinear speedup for an EEG signal processing algorithm.
대규모 병렬 시스템에서 캐시와 공유메모리를 이용한 유한 차분법 성능
김현규,이효종,Kim, Hyun Kyu,Lee, Hyo Jong 대한전자공학회 2013 전자공학회논문지 Vol.50 No.6
최근 GPU 시스템과 같은 수백 개의 프로세서로 구성된 대규모 병렬 시스템을 이용하여 성능을 향상시키는 방법들이 많이 개발 되었다. 대표적으로 GPU에서 캐싱(Caching)과 유사한 개념으로 공유 메모리가 사용되었다. 출력 값을 얻기 위해서 이웃 값을 참조하는 이미지 필터와 같은 알고리즘들의 경우 이웃 값의 참조가 빈번하게 발생되므로 공유 메모리를 사용할 경우 성능이 향상되었다. 그러나 공유 메모리를 사용하기 위해서는 기존 코드를 재 구현해야만 하고 이는 코드의 복잡도를 증가시키는 원인이 된다. 최근 GPU 시스템에서는 공유 메모리 뿐 아니라 L1과 L2 캐시 메모리를 지원하도록 하였다. L1 캐시 메모리는 공유 메모리와 동일한 하드웨어에 위치하여 캐시의 사용이 성능향상을 도와줄 것으로 예측된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 캐시 메모리와 공유 메모리의 성능을 비교하였다. 연구결과 성능 면에서 캐시 메모리를 사용한 알고리즘과 공유메모리를 사용한 알고리즘은 유사하였다. 특히 캐시 메모리를 사용하는 경우 공유메모리 사용 프로그래밍에서 나타나는 코드 복잡도의 증가 문제도 동시에 해결할 수 있었다. Many algorithms have been introduced to improve performance by using massively parallel systems, which consist of several hundreds of processors. A typical example is a GPU system of many processors which uses shared memory. In the case of image filtering algorithms, which make references to neighboring points, the shared memory helps improve performance by frequently accessing adjacent pixels. However, using shared memory requires rewriting the existing codes and consequently results in complexity of the codes. Recent GPU systems support both L1 and L2 cache along with shared memory. Since the L1 cache memory is located in the same area as the shared memory, the improvement of performance is predictable by using the cache memory. In this paper, the performance of cache and shared memory were compared. In conclusion, the performance of cache-based algorithm is very similar to the one of shared memory. The complexity of the code appearing in a shared memory system, however, is resolved with the cache-based algorithm.
쥐에서 Carboxymethylcellulose 및 Ibuprofen을 이용한 유착형성 방지에 관한 연구
최민철,이효종,김곤섭,Choi Min-Cheol,Lee Hyo-Jong,Kim Gon-Sup 한국임상수의학회 1993 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.10 No.2
With the use of a rat surgical model, the ability of carboxymethylcellulose and ibuprofen in the reduction of abdominal adhesion was examined. Seventy seven female rats were randomly divided into 7 groups : (1) control, (2) 2% CMC, (3) 3% CMC, (4) ibuprofen 25mg, (5) ibuprofen 50mg, (6) combination of ibuprofen 25mg and 2% CMC and(7) combination of ibuprofen 50mg and 3%, CMC. Following induction of abrasion injuries on ileum, colon and both uterine horns with a surgical blads, the rats in groups (2), (6) were infused with 2% CMC solution singly or in combined Infection of 25 mg/kg of ibuprofen for three consecutive days, the rats In groups (3), (7) were infused with 3% CMC solution singly or In combined Injection of 50mg/kg of ibuprofen for three consecutive days. The rats in groups (4), (5) were injected only with 25 mg or 50 mg/kg of ibuprofen for three consecutive days. After 10 days the abdominal cavities were opened and the appearance of formed adhesion were graded. The changes of body weight, CBC and blood chemicals were also evaluated at 3, 6 and 10 days after operation. In ileum, the rats in the groups (2), (6) and (7) showed less adhesion formation. In colon, there were significant differences(p<0.05) in adhesion formation in all treated groups as compared to control. In both uterine horns, there were significant decrease(p<0.05) of adhesion formation in groups(2), (6) and (7) in comparison with other groups. The increasing rate of body weight was evident in group (3) and fibrinogen concentrations at 6 and 10 days revealed significant decrease (p<0.01) in group (7), whereas there was no consistent change in CBC and blood chemicals. Therefore, it can be sugested that the infusion of 2% CMC solution with or without the injection of 25 mg/kg of ibuprofen and 3% CMC solution with the injection of 50 mg/kg of ibuprofen are effective and safe following abdominal surgery,