여행형태가 항공여객기 객실서비스 품질지각과 만족에 미치는 영향

이화인(Wha In Lee),양희옥(Hee Ok Yang) 관광경영학회 2001 관광경영연구 Vol.12 No.-

This study investigated the impact of travel characteristics on airline customers` perception and satisfaction levels of cabin service quality. Airline cabin service was categorized into five factors: hospitality/reliability, F&B service, amenity and duty-free shopping, physical evidence, and recreation service. It was revealed that some travel characteristics such as travel purpose, destination, length of duration, size of the travel group, seat class, and membership are possible antecedents of customers` perception and satisfaction levels of airline cabin service quality.

반응성 화학기상증착법을 이용한 에피택셜 $CoSi_2$ 박막의 형성 및 성장에 관한 연구

이화성,이희승,안병태,Lee, Hwa-Seong,Lee, Hui-Seung,An, Byeong-Tae 한국재료학회 2000 한국재료학회지 Vol.10 No.11

사이클로펜타디에닐 디카보닐 코발트 (Co(η(sup)5-C(sub)5H(sub)5) ($CO_2$)의 반응성 화학 기상 증착법에 의해 $600^{\circ}C$ 근처의기판온도에서 (100)Si 기판 위에 균일한 에피택셜 CoSi2 층이 후열처리를 거치지 않고 직접 성장되었다. (100) Si 기판 위에서 에피택셜 CoSi(sub)2 층의 성장 속도론을 $575^{\circ}C$에서 $650^{\circ}C$의 온도 구간에서 조사하였다. 증착 초기 단계에서 판(plate)모양의 CoSi(sub)2 스차이크가 쌍정의 구조를 가지고 (100) Si 기판에서 <111> 방향을 따라서 불연속적으로 핵생성되었다. {111}과 (100)면을 가진 불연속의 CoSi(sub)2 판은 (100) Si 위에서 평평한 계면으로 이루어진 에피택셜 층으로 성장했다. (100) Si 위에서 에피택셜 CoSi(sub)2 층을 통한 Co의 확산에 의해 제어되는 것으로 나타났다. Univorm epitaxial $CoSi_2$layers have been grown in situ on a (100) Si substrate at temperatures near$ 600^{\circ}C$ by reactive chemical vapor deposition of cyclopentadienyl dicarbonyl cobalt, (Co(η(sup)5-C(sub)5H(sub)5) ($CO_2$). The growth kinetics of an epitaxial $CoSi_2$layer on al Si(100) substrate was investigated at temperatures ranging from 575 to $650^{\circ}C$. In initial deposition stage, plate-like discrete $CoSi_2$spikes were nucleated along the <111> directions in (100) Si substrate with a twinned structure. The discrete $CoSi_2$plates with both {111} and (100) planes grew into an epitaxial layer with a flat interface on (100) Si. For epitaxial $CoSi_2$growth on (100) Si, the activation energy of the parabolic growth was found to be 2.82 eV. The growth rate seems to be controlled by the diffusion of Co through the $CoSi_2$layer.

기생 梅窓 시의 존재적 갈등 - 자존의 좌절에서 자유지향의 비애까지 -

이화형(Lee Hwa-Hyung) 우리문학회 2006 우리文學硏究 Vol.0 No.19

The women writers of high birth used write about the motherhood, filial duty and good wife in Chosun Dynasty. But Mae Chang did not write such works. She did not write the work about a life as the woman. The kisaeng writers sometimes longed for a hometown or brothers or write about the history recognition. She shows the difference of the consciousness a little with kisaeng writers.<br/> Her literature world is on the characteristics of the ontology.<br/> She concentrated on the self distinguished with another person. She concentrated on human to stand against object or spirit. Her pride is exceptionally strong.<br/> She felt deeply sick of the setback when bumped against the wall of reality. Her desire toward the freedom came to be strong as same. She wanted the genuine and pure world. And she wanted the arrival of the freedom world. But it could not come true by the destiny.<br/> She wrote such expression like 'painful dream' or 'lonely dream' in her poem. She had plenty concern on the nihility of the dream. I pay attention to the result of the nonexisten of the dream especially. We can extract a next's consciousness in her poem. Spiritual self-respect → Reality setback → Internal freedom → The consciousness of sorrow.<br/> She agonized seriously on the dissatistaction in reality. Her purity and freedom spirit can be evaluated affirmatively. She lacked of support to break reality. It is her limit. She sighed it is unfortunate to be borne as a woman. She had an influence on unhappy women writers in 19C.

노인(老人)의 생리(生理)·심리(心理)에 대(對)한 고찰(考察)

이화,윤창열,Lee, Hwa,Yun, Chang-Yeol 대전대학교 한의학연구소 1999 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.7 No.2

간호사의 병원내부마케팅 인식과 직무만족이 직장애착에 미치는 영향

이화람(Lee Hwa Ram),송미옥(Song Mi Ok),장금성(Jang Keum Seong) 전남대학교 간호과학연구소 2017 Nursing and Health Issues(NHI) Vol.22 No.1

서론 연구 방법 연구 결과 논의 결론 및 제언

대학생의 사회봉사동기, 태도 및 자존감에 관한 연구

이화인(Lee, Hwa In) 한국간호교육학회 2003 한국간호교육학회지 Vol.9 No.1

호텔 공간의 브랜드화 환경 특성 연구

이화경(Lee, Hwa-Kyoung),안성모(Ahn, Seongmo) 한국실내디자인학회 2014 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Nowadays, space branding becomes more important since it reflects and synthesizes the diverse experiences of the consumer. The objective of the research is to present the new possibilities that space branding offers by analyzing the brand strategy and the design characteristics of branded hotels, which are being projected as constructed branded environments. By integrating the brand with visible or invisible elements of the hotel, such as unique space planning, service, and consumer experience, a branded hotel can be a good vehicle to reflect fast changing consumer lifestyles and trends; it enables the consumer to experience brands in his or her everyday life, and it conveys the overall image of the brand by considering the consumer’s multi-sensual experiences. The study processed with theoretical research which is related to the hotel space and branded environment. Four brands were selected with distinct business area and brand strategy, and studied to analyze the strategy and the characteristics of the branded environment in a branded hotel. In particular, the case study attempted to evaluate the distinctiveness of the branded hotel’s spatial design by comparing each brand’s representative flagship store with the hotel. As a result, four characteristics of branded environments in branded hotels were identified, namely, strengthen brand image, consistent brand strategy, extend brand perception, spatialize brand experience. Armani emphasizes their consistent brand image by applying similar design methods in both retail stores and hotel spaces. IKEA, in contrast, applies not their design identity but their brand concepts like practicality, efficiency, and low prices. Pantone gives an expanded brand experience by using synesthetic sensual stimulation using their color system. Missoni mixes and composes their patterns and materials in a three-dimensional manner and strengthens design possibilities and spatiality. This study suggests specific design methods to construct a branded environment in a branded hotel and offers new strategic directions for space branding.

기생시조에 나타난 윤리의식 고찰

이화형(Lee, Hwa-Hyung) 한국시조학회 2013 시조학논총 Vol.39 No.-

기생시조는 남녀의 애정을 노골화시키는 경향의 주체성의 확장과 더불어 소개적 측면에서도 생활주변의 것보다 자연이나 그 밖의 동식물의 등장을 통해 인간 존재의 진정성을 포착하려는 기생문인들의 노력을 보여주었다. 게다가 사대부들처럼 자연을 소재로 하면서도 아름다움 자체의 신비적 대상으로 삼거나 정치현실에 반하는 은일적 대상으로 여기지 않고 인간 교화의 윤리적 실체로 인식했다는 점도 기생문학의 특성이라고 하겠다. 윤리적 정체성의 측면, 즉 갈등적 심사와 각성적 태도에서 드러나듯이, 기생문인들의 경우 제도적으로 하층민에 속하면서도 사대부들과 교유할 수 있었던 모순적 입장에서 일어나는 저항적인 심리를 보이고 있다. 기생문인들은 자아에 대한 깊은 성찰과 삶의 총체적 인식 속에서 인간적 한계와 자신들의 열악한 입장을 자각하고 삶의 새로운 경지를 모색하려는 가녀린 노력을 보였다고 할 수 있다. 한편 주체의식의 발로와 절의적 지향에서 드러나듯이 미천한 신분의 기생일지라도 자유로운 정신을 통해 세속에 만연한 인간성의 실종에 대해 고통스러워하면서 부정적 존재상황을 극복코자 노력하는 자주적인 모습을 보여주었다. 그리고 기생문인들은 전인적 신의와 진실을 맹렬히 추적하는 실존적 탐색의 태도로 나아가고 있었음을 간과할 수 없다. 따라서 대체로 남녀 간의 사랑을 문학적 소재로 삼고 있는 기생문학일지라도 인생의 부조리한 틀과 그들의 자유분방한 정신의 대치가 빚어내는 윤리적 갈등과 의지적 지향을 직시하지 않으면 안 되는 것이다. Kisaeng’s sijo showed the efforts to catch human being’s sincerity by the expansion of the theme to express the love between men and women, by the change of the material to borrow the natural material as animals and plants. And it is the important characteristics that they thought the nature not as mysterious object of the beauty or the escapist object to retire from the political world but as the ethical substance to culture human. Kisaeng writers showed the complex to come from the inconsistent situation that they were lower classes but they associated with the high officials. They showed the efforts to search the new condition of life by realizing the limits of human and their status and by the serious reflection on themselves and the total consciousness on their lives. And they showed the strong willpower to overcome the negative situation of human being through the liberal mind though they were lower classes. They chose the attitude of the existential quest to pursuit the reality and faith also. So we must see the ethical conflicts and will inclination to come from the confrontation between the absurd of life and liberal mind though their literature wrote about the love of men and women in kisaeng’s sijo.

중국(中國)·북경중의약대학(北京中醫藥大學)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

이화,윤창열,Lee, Hwa,Yun, Chang-Yeol 대전대학교 한의학연구소 1997 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.6 No.1

이쇄회로기판 설계용 CAD 시스템

이화종(Hwajong Lee),한정진(Jungjin Han),윤학재(Hakjae Yun),남정훈(Junghoon Nam),이학수(Haksoo Lee) 대한전자공학회 1993 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1993 No.11