신경회로망을 이용한 4차원 방사선치료에서의 조사 표적 움직임 예측

이상경,김용남,박경란,정경근,이창걸,이익재,성진실,최원훈,정윤선,박성호,Lee, Sang-Kyung,Kim, Yong-Nam,Park, Kyung-Ran,Jeong, Kyeong-Keun,Lee, Chang-Geol,Lee, Ik-Jae,Seong, Jin-Sil,Choi, Won-Hoon,Chung, Yoon-Sun,Park, Sung-Ho 한국의학물리학회 2009 의학물리 Vol.20 No.3

호흡으로 인한 방사선 치료 표적의 움직임을 고려함으로써 치료 성적 향상과 동시에 주변 장기 보호를 지향하는 4차원 방사선 치료의 구현, 성능 개선의 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 환자가 자연스럽게 호흡하도록 하는 장점이 있는 호흡 동기방식이나 종양추적방식을 사용하는 경우, 방사선조사 표적의 움직임을 예측, 방사선조사 시 이를 보정하여 줌으로써 방사선치료 효과를 극대화할 수 있다. 신경회로망은 통계 수식에 의존하지 않고 주어진 자료를 표현하는 일종의 규칙을 찾아내므로, 방사선 치료 표적의 실시간 움직임과 같은 비선형성을 가진 시계열(Time Series)을 표현하는 데에 유리하다. 본 연구에서는 신경회로망 예측 알고리즘의 4차원 방사선치료에 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. Multi-layer Perceptron으로 신경회로망을 구성하였고 Scaled Conjugate Gradient 알고리즘을 신경회로망 학습 알고리즘으로 사용하였다. RPM 시스템을 이용하여 획득한 실제 임상 현장의 환자에 대한 호흡 자료를 기반으로 학습한 신경회로망 예측 결과를 RPM 시스템의 측정치와 상호 비교하였다. 10명의 환자에의 적용 결과, 신경회로망 학습에 사용된 자료가 환자의 호흡 범위 전체를 포함하지 않는 경우를 제외하고는, 최대절대오차 3 mm 미만의 우수한 예측 성능을 보였다. 학습 영역 이외의 호흡 자료 예측 시 발생하는 상당한 오차는 신경회로망의 외삽에 대한 학습능력 부족을 보이는 것으로, 오차의 원인을 제거하기 위한 일환으로, 호흡자료를 측정할 때 최대 호흡을 하도록 하여 충분한 학습 자료를 확보하는 방안을 고려해 볼 수있겠다. 4차원 방사선치료 시스템 성능 개선에의 직접 활용을 위하여, 다양한 시스템 대기시간에 따른 예측 성능 평가와 방사선 조사 장치와 연동, 실용 타당성 검증의 추가 연구가 진행될 것이다. Studies on target motion in 4-dimensional radiotherapy are being world-widely conducted to enhance treatment record and protection of normal organs. Prediction of tumor motion might be very useful and/or essential for especially free-breathing system during radiation delivery such as respiratory gating system and tumor tracking system. Neural network is powerful to express a time series with nonlinearity because its prediction algorithm is not governed by statistic formula but finds a rule of data expression. This study intended to assess applicability of neural network method to predict tumor motion in 4-dimensional radiotherapy. Scaled Conjugate Gradient algorithm was employed as a learning algorithm. Considering reparation data for 10 patients, prediction by the neural network algorithms was compared with the measurement by the real-time position management (RPM) system. The results showed that the neural network algorithm has the excellent accuracy of maximum absolute error smaller than 3 mm, except for the cases in which the maximum amplitude of respiration is over the range of respiration used in the learning process of neural network. It indicates the insufficient learning of the neural network for extrapolation. The problem could be solved by acquiring a full range of respiration before learning procedure. Further works are programmed to verify a feasibility of practical application for 4-dimensional treatment system, including prediction performance according to various system latency and irregular patterns of respiration.

『대한신문(大韓新聞)』과 이인직

이상경(Lee, Sang-Kyung) 한국어문학회 2014 語文學 Vol.0 No.126

The present study seeks to elucidate the Daehan Sinmun (Korean Newspaper)’s contents through a source book (hereafter “excerpt collection”) transcribing editorials and some articles published in the daily from July 18, 1907 (first issue) to December 28, 1909 and to analyze the logic of journalists as represented by In-jik Yi (1862-1916). First, upon comparison between articles in the Daehan Maeil Sinbo (Korea Daily News) critical of the Daehan Sinmun and the excerpt collection, it was possible to confirm that the latter served as the original source for the collection of excerpts. Second, “A Song of the Righteous Armies Longing for Home” (Uibyeong Sahyang-ga) in the excerpt collection, a work that had sought to persuade members of the anti-Japanese righteous armies (uibyeong) to surrender, was similar in its logical structure to the speech made by Ong-nam Choe in the latter half of the novel The Silver World (Eunsegye) encouraging members of the righteous armies to capitulate.

‘식민지 조선’의 맥락에서 읽은 인도 시인 사로지니 나이두

이상경(Lee, Sang-Kyung) 한국어문학회 2018 語文學 Vol.0 No.140

The Indian female poet Sarojini Naidu (1879∼1949) was introduced to colonial Joseon in the 1920s as a highly reputed Asian poet in the West along with Tagore, an Indian politician who led the Salt March with Gandhi in 1930. Due to the uniqueness of her association with Tagore and Gandhi—two prominent figures from India—Naidu rarely received much attention as a foreign female poet in colonial Joseon. However, since Naidu was introduced to Joseon after she had stopped writing and was more actively involved in political activities led by Gandhi, some regarded her as a poet, while others viewed her as a politician. This study highlights Naidu and her works, aiming to reveal the context in which emphasis is changed depending on time period, and attempts to build an integrated understanding of Sarojini Naidu. In the early 1920s, Kim Eok focused on poet Naidu, with a focus on her love poems. Then, in the mid 1920s, Naidu’s poetry was introduced as an example of sympathetic linguistic literature for oppressed people. Around 1930, Jeong, In-seop and Lee, Ha-yun regarded Naidu as more of a politician and introduced poems directly expressing the voice of Indian nationalism. The writers and poets of colonial Joseon felt an affinity for Naidu, who came from a colonized country herself, and used her works based on their own areas of interest. In India, Naidu’s literary and political activities are considered outdated. It is often said that her “aesthetics is feudal, although her politics is democratic nationalism.” Recently, it has been proposed that Naidu’s poems require reinterpretation as both a collusion with and resistance to colonialism. Her works are retrogressive in the use of India’s traditional customs and nature as subject matter but, at the same time, stem from a resistance to modern urbanization. Heo Jeong-suk, a socialist feminist who translated Naidu’s poems into the Korean language for readers in colonial Joseon, seemed to have been well aware of their contextual framing, that is, “a collusion with and resistance to colonialism.”

하중 혼합감도함수를 이용한 RTP 시스템의 $H^{\infty}$ 제어기 설계

이상경,김종해,오도창,박홍배,Lee, Sang-Kyung,Kim, Jong-Hae,Oh, Do-Chang,Park, Hong-Bae 대한전자공학회 1998 電子工學會論文誌, S Vol.s35 No.6

산업현장에서는 반도체 공정의 산화막(oxidation)과 소둔(annealing) 공정에서 생산성을 향상시키기 위해 기존의 확산로(furnace)보다 RTP(rapid thermal processing) 시스템을 많이 사용하고 있다. 이러한 RTP 시스템의 주요 제어대상은 정확한 웨이퍼(wafer)의 온도조절과 웨이퍼 내의 균일성이다. 본 논문에서는 RTP 시스템의 온도변화와 같은 외란에 대한 견실안정성 문제를 해결하기 위해 하중 혼합감도함수를 이용하여 $H^{\infty}$ 제어기를 설계하고, 온도추적 및 웨이퍼 내의 균일성 등의 견실성능 개선은 루프쉐이핑 방법을 이용한다. 온도에 따른 선형화된 모델은 차수문제로 인하여 실 시스템 구현시 제약조건이 있으므로 한켈(Hankel), 자승근 균형(square-root balanced) 및 슈어 균형(Schur balanced) 방법을 사용하여 모델 차수축소를 하여 제어기를 설계한다. 원래의 모델과 축소된 모델에 대해 성능을 비교하고 시뮬레이션을 통하여 설계한 제어기의 견실안정성과 성능을 확인한다. In industrial fields, RTP(rapid thermal processing) system is widely used for improving the oxidation and the annealing in semiconductor manufacturing process. The main control factors are temperature control of wafer and uniformity in the wafer. In this paper, we propose an $H^{\infty}$ controller design of RTP system satisfying robust stability and performance using weighted mixed sensitivity miniimization and loop shaping technique. And we need reduction technique because of the difficulty of implementation with the obtained high order controller for original model and reduced models, namely, Hankel, square-root balanced, and Schur balanced methods. An example is proposed to show the validity of the proposed method.

열전대 센서와 압전체 구동기가 부착된 유량제어기의 DC 이득과 시상수를 이용한 제어에 대한 연구

이상경,김영수,Lee, Sang-Kyung,Kim, Young-Soo 한국기계가공학회 2004 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.3 No.1

This study was how to control the mass flow controller in gas supplying system. The flow controller consists of piezoelectric material and sensor with heating wire. It is difficult to obtain accurate model, because MFC was composed of many parts, and the relationship between input and output of controller is nonlinear. The model for control was obtained by time constant and DC gain Based on this model, PID controller was applied to flow controller using DSP board. Also, the results were compared to controller using system identification.

그래핀을 이용한 전자소자 연구

이상경,김윤지,이병훈,Lee, Sang kyung,Kim, Yun Ji,Lee, Byoung Hun 한국진공학회 2016 진공 이야기 Vol.3 No.1

Although graphene has been considered as one of the promise materials for future logic devices due to extremely high mobility, its applications in electronics have been limited to a few cases such as a flexible interconnect, and RF devices. Furthermore, most of the studies on graphene devices reported unstable operations, claimed to be due to the poor quality of graphene. Nevertheless, recent studies showed that the electrical performance of graphene field effect transistor could be stabilized even with CVD graphene when well-established integration processes to control the interface of graphene were used. These results indicate that as in the case of silicon devices, a proper control of graphene interface is very important for the stable operation of graphene device as well as other 2D material based devices.

김명순의 소설 「탄실이와 주영이」 연구- 텍스트 보완과 작품의 맥락을 중심으로

이상경(Lee, Sang-kyung) 한국현대소설학회 2020 현대소설연구 Vol.- No.80

In this study, I found all the missing parts of the Chosun Ilbo, where Kim Myung-soons novel “Tan-sil and Joo-young” was serialized. Based on this edition, I explored the context of “Tan-sil and Joo-young.” It has also been confirmed that after Kim Myung-soon translated and serialized part of Nakanishi Inosukes novel Behind You, serialized “Tan-sil and Joo-young.” From Kims point of view, she translated Nakanishis novel as an opportunity to publicize the true nature of Kwon Joo-youngs character. Through translation, Kim wanted to show that Kwon Joo-young is completely different from herself. If so, it is not enough to show only Joo-youngs appearance, and in order to convey the truth of Tan-sil, Kim wanted to draw the whole picture of Tan-sil, which is different from Joo-young. Kims mother committed suicide when she was young, and father survived in 1924. Nevertheless, in “Tan-shil and Joo-young”, Tan-shils father died in 1910 and Tan-shils mother is described as alive. The reason why the autobiographical novel describes it differently from the actual facts is that as Kim Myung-soon grew up, she gained an identity as a woman. This is because she hated her patriarchal and tyrannical father, while she gained a good understanding of her mother, who was morally condemned and believed to have committed suicide. As for the significance of this work, “Tan-sil and Joo-young” is always mentioned only about Nakanishi novels, but in fact, it is a report on the rise and fall of Pyongyangs enlightenment during the early period of enlightenment.

강경애 문학의 국제주의의 원천으로서의 만주 체험

이상경(Lee, Sang-Kyung) 한국현대소설학회 2017 현대소설연구 Vol.- No.66

The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the controversy surrounding Kang Kyeong-ae’s whereabouts during the period from September 1926 to May 1929, when she was preparing her debut as a writer, and uncover the actual facts. The question of whether Kang Kyeong-ae had any experience of life in Manchuria before she moved to Longjing, Jiandao after her marriage in June 1931, as well as the content and nature of her experiences, is intrinsically connected to the process by which her unique identity as a writer was formed. Moreover, these facts are necessary to reveal the falsehood in the claim made by some historians that she was implicated in the assassination of General Kim Chwa-chin, which occurred on January 24<SUP>th</SUP>,1930. The controversy surrounding Kang Kyeong-ae’s experiences in Manchuria arose in 2005 when she was selected as a ‘Cultural Figure of the Month’ by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. This led to criticism of her selection, based on the memoir of independence activist Lee Gang-hun, which alleged that she was connected to the assassination of General Kim Chwa-chin in January 1930. Regarding this controversy, this study analyzes the novels and essays of Kang Kyeong-ae, newspaper and magazine articles from the era, recollections from later generations, and the recently uncovered article “Yeoseong Sajeon” (Women’s Dictionary) in Yeoseong Joseon (Jan. 1933), to prove that Kang Kyeong-ae worked as a teacher in Hailin Shi, Jilin Sheng, Northern China from 1927 to 1928 and returned to Jangyeon in 1929, where she remained until June 1931. These whereabouts of Kang Kyeong-ae have been compared against historical records regarding the assassination of General Kim Chwa-chin, including records of the Shinminbo incident, to make it clear that Kang Kyeong-ae could not have had any connection to the assassination of General Kim Chwa-chin. Kang Kyeong-ae’s experiences in Hailin in northern China became the source of the proletarian internationalism inherent in her literature.

또래가 참여하는 마음읽기 접근 의사소통 프로그램이 아스퍼거 장애아동의 사회-의사소통 능력에 미치는 영향

이상경(Sang Kyung Lee),김성수(Sung Soo Kim) 한국언어치료학회 2008 言語治療硏究 Vol.17 No.1

전기통신금융사기 예방을 위한 제언

이상경(sang-kyung Lee) 한국산업비즈니스학회 2021 한국비즈니스연구 (비즈니스연구) Vol.5 No.2

It has been known by the report from Financial Supervisory Service that the number of victims and the loss of money caused by telecommunication finance scams are increasing every year. Some suggestions to reduce such damage are as follows: First, the data of victims of telecommunication finance scams need to reveal according to gender, age, and vulnerable social groups, so that more effective preventive promotions should be implemented. For a group of women in the 50s and 60s, the examples of imposture victims, particularly messenger phishing, need to be introduced through a variety of mass media, and the ways how to confront the emergency situation need to be put up a notice. For a group of men in the 40s and 50s, the customer communication channel operated by financial institutions will be useful for the prevention and confrontation from the telecommunication finance scams, and also communication channels like Instagram, Facebook, Youtube, Naverpost, Mobile DM and so forth need to be run on a regular base to provide helpful information. Second, when there is a transaction contract between the financial institution and the customer, the financial institution needs to inform the customer of the types of financial scams and how to prevent them in detail. Furthermore, it is necessary to make the customer be alert by signing the action guide for the reduction of scam damage. Third, it is important to provide the information on the voice phishing victim cases and issue a constant warning to all financial service users for the prevention of recurrence. Finally, in order to strengthen the response system against the voice phishing, one-team system needs to be established to maintain mutual cooperations with relevant institutions such as Financial Supervisory Service, financial institutions, and National Police Agency.