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화자 정규화를 위한 새로운 파워 스펙트럼 Warping 방법
유일수,김동주,노용완,홍광석 대한전자공학회 2004 電子工學會論文誌-SP (Signal processing) Vol.42 No.2
화자 정규화 방법은 화자 독립 음성인식 시스템에서 음성 인식의 정확성을 높이기 위한 성공적인 방법으로 알려져 왔다. 널리 사용되는 화자 정규화 방법은 maximum likelihood 반의 주파수 warping 방법이다. 본 논문은 주파수 warping 보다 더 좋은 화자 정규화의 성능 개선을 위해 새로운 파워 스펙트럼 warping 방법을 제안한다. 파워 스펙트럼 warping은 멜 주파수 켑스트럼 분석(MFCC) 방법을 이용하며, MFCC 처리 단계에서 필터 뱅크의 파워 스펙트럼을 조절함으로써 화자 정규화를 수행하는 간단한 메커니즘으로 갖는다. 또한 본 논문은 파워 스펙트럼 warping과 주파수 warping 방법을 서로 결합한 hybrid VTN 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문의 실험은 baseline 시스템에 각 화자 정규화 방법을 적용하여 SKKU PBW DB에서 인식 성능을 비교 분석하였다. 실험 결과를 보면 baseline 시스템의 단어 인식 성능을 기준으로 주파수 warping은 2.06%, 파워 스펙트럼 warping은 3.05%, 그리고 hybrid VTN은 4.07%의 단어 에러 율의 감소를 보였다. The method of speaker normalization has been known as the successful method for improving the accuracy of speech recognition at speaker independent speech recognition system. A frequency warping approach is widely used method based on maximum likelihood for speaker normalization. This paper propose a new power spectrum warping approach to making improvement of speaker normalization better than a frequency warping. Th power spectrum warping uses Mel-frequency cepstrum analysis(MFCC) and is a simple mechanism to performing speaker normalization by modifying the power spectrum of Mel filter bank in MFCC. Also, this paper propose the hybrid VTN combined the Power spectrum warping and a frequency warping. Experiment of this paper did a comparative analysis about the recognition performance of the SKKU PBW DB applied each speaker normalization approach on baseline system. The experiment results have shown that a frequency warping is 2.06%, the power spectrum is 3.06%, and hybrid VTN is 4.07% word error rate reduction as of word recognition performance of baseline system.
화자 정규화를 위한 새로운 파워 스펙트럼 Warping 방법
유일수,홍광석,김동주,노용완 대한전자공학회 2004 電子工學會論文誌-SP (Signal processing) Vol.41 No.04
The method of speaker normalization has been known as the successful method for improving the accuracy of speech recognition at speaker independent speech recognition system. A frequency warping approach is widely used method based on maximum likelihood for speaker normalization. This paper propose a new power spectrum warping approach to making improvement of speaker normalization better than a frequency warping. Th power spectrum warping uses Mel-frequency cepstrum analysis(MFCC) and is a simple mechanism to performing speaker normalization by modifying the power spectrum of Mel filter bank in MFCC. Also, this paper propose the hybrid VTN combined the power spectrum warping and a frequency warping. Experiment of this paper did a comparative analysis about the recognition performance of the SKKU PBW DB applied each speaker normalization approach on baseline system. The experiment results have shown that a frequency warping is 2.06%, the power spectrum is 3.06%, and hybrid VTN is 4.07% word error rate reduction as of word recognition performance of baseline system. 화자 정규화 방법은 화자 독립 음성인식 시스템에서 음성 인식의 정확성를 높이기 위한 성공적인 방법으로 알려져 왔다. 널리 사용되는 화자 정규화 방법은 maximum likelihood 기반의 주파수 warping 방법이다. 본 논문은 주파수 warping 보다 더 좋은 화자 정규화의 성능 개선을 위해 새로운 파워 스펙트럼 warping 방법을 제안한다. 파워 스펙트럼 warping은 멜 주파수 켑스트럼 분석(MFCC) 방법을 이용하며, MFCC 처리 단계에서 필터 뱅크의 파워 스펙트럼을 조절함으로써 화자 정규화를 수행하는 간단한 메커니즘으로 갖는다. 또한 본 논문은 파워 스펙트럼 warping과 주파수 warping 방법을 서로 결합한 hybrid VTN 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문의 실험은 baseline 시스템에 각 화자 정규화 방법을 적용하여 SKKU PBW DB에서 인식 성능을 비교 분석하였다. 실험 결과를 보면 baseline 시스템의 단어 인식 성능을 기준으로 주파수 wapring은 2.06%, 파워 스펙트럼 warping은 3.05%, 그리고 hybrid VTN은 4.07%의 단어 에러 율의 감소를 보였다.
유일수,류문희,이종섭 한국환경보건학회 1998 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.24 No.2
When rats are exposed to cadmium in their diet, the cadmium accumulates in the liver. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of chitin, chitosan and dithiocarbamate chitosan on the cadmium accumulation in liver of rats. For this experiment, 10 male Sprague-Dawley were used. The experimental groups were divided into four independent groups which were one control group and three experimental groups by cadmium alone treatment or chitin, chitosan and dithiocarbamate chitosan with cadmium. In order to investigate the eliminative effect of chitin, chitosan and dithiocarbamate chitosan on the cadmium accumulation in liver of rats, the cadmium concentration, the metallothionein level and the enzyme activitys were measured. The results obtained revealed the eliminative effect of cadmium in liver of rats by chitin, chitosan and dithiocarbamate chitosan. The effect of chitin on the cadmium elimination was less than that of chitosan and dithiocarbamate chitosan. Also it shows that the eliminative effect of cadmium by dithiocarbamate chitosan was the highest.
유일수,유문희,소진탁 한국패류학회 1997 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.13 No.1
This strdy was performed to investigate the effect of chitin, chitosan and dithiocarbamate chitosan against cadmium accumulation. The Scapharca subcrenata were divided into four independent groups which were one control and three experimintal groups by camium alone treatmint or chitin, chitosan and dithsan and dithiocabamate chitosan which cadmium. Samples were analyzed by Varian 30/40 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained were as follows;1. The cadmium concentration in water were isgnificantly decreased in three experimental group compared with that of control group (P<0.05)2. The cadmium concentration in muscle of S. srbcrenata in cadmium alone treatment group were similar to that of the chitin treatmint group, but chitosan and dithiocarbamate chitosan treatmint groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05)In conclusion, this study revealed the effect of chitin chitosan and dithiocarbamate chitosan against cadmium accumulation. It exhibited the highest effect at dithiocarbamate chitosan treatment group.
유일수,유은주,이종섭,박현,소진탁,Yoo, I.S,Yoo, E.J,Lee, J.S.,Park, H.,Soh, C.T. 한국패류학회 1989 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.5 No.1
Heaty metals in mollusks and in sedimints collected from five stations along Mangyong river area in Jeonra Bug Do were examined during 1988 through 1989. Concentration of heavy metals in Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata and Anodonta woodiana were highly correlated with that in sediments, And concentration of heavy metals in both of millusks and sediments from industrialized area was higher than the other stations. Above results suggested that Mangyong river was polluted with heavy metals and heavy metals were accumulated in molluscan soft bodies.