훈수 정만양,지수 정규양의 사상과 문학(영남의 한문학 11) 훈,지수 정만양,규양 형제의 시대와 그들의 현실 대응

우인수 ( In Soo Woo ) 동방한문학회 2005 東方漢文學 Vol.0 No.28

목제(木齊) 홍여하(洪汝河)의 현실인식과 대응

우인수 ( In Soo Woo ) 한국사상사학회 2013 韓國思想史學 Vol.0 No.43

홍여하가 활동하던 때는 서·남인간의 당쟁의 시기였다. 정곡의 주 도권은 인조반정이래 서인이 장악한 가운데 남인이 비판의 날을 세우 던 때였다. 홍여하는 영남 남인 관료이자 학자로서 자신이 처한 시대 적 과제의 해결에 암장섰고, 또 민생을 걱정하면서 고뇌하는 지식인으 로서의 모습을 보여준 인물이였다. 본고에서는 홍여하의 현실에 대한 인식과 대응 방식에 대하여 크게 세가지 관점에서 논하였다. 첫째는 서인에 대한 대응이였다. 홍여하는 서인의 곡정 운영에 대 한 비판의 포문을 연 인물이였다. 효종 말 이조판서로서 곡정 전반에 대해 강한 영향력을 행사하고 었던 서인의 핵섬인물인 송시열을 공척 하였다. 이로 인해 송시열은 일시적으로 체직되였고, 자신은 유배를 가는 처지가 되였다. 곧 이은 효종의 사망으로 인해 발생한 기해예송 때 남인의 서인에 대한 대대적인 공세에 암션 비판이였다는 점에서 영남 남인의 기개를 보여준 의미가 있였다. 둘째는 예송에 대한 대응이였다. 기해예송이 서인측의 의견에 따라 마무리 된 이후 영남의 유럼 1,000여명이 연명하여 복제에 대해 논하 는 의례소를 올릴 때 막후에서 추동하는 역할을 수행하였다. 그는 상 소의 시의성과 타당성에 대한 의미를 설파함으로써 영남 유림의 단결 과 동참을 이끌어내였으며, 복제 상소의 초본을 작성하는 세 사람 중 의 한 사람으로 활약하기도 하였다. 셋째는 현실 문제 해결을 위한 방안 제시였다. 그는 문과에 급제한 후 5년간의 관직생활과 15년간의 칩거생활을 하면서 곡정과 관련한 현실 문제에 대한 해결 방안을 구상하는 지식인으로서의 역할에도 소 홀하지 않았다. 그는 당시 백성들의 가장 큰 고통과 그 고통을 해소할 방안으로 부세제도 개혁론을 제시하였다. 중곡과 우리나라의 역사 속 에서 부세제도의 큰 흐름을 파악한 다음 토지를 부세의 기준으로 잡 아 기준 자체를 단순화할 것을 주장하였다. Hong Yeo - ha`s period of political activity was the time of party strife between Western Party and Southern Party. Western Party had taken over the helm since Inio Banieongt 1=J!I1ilXiE) in 1623 and Southern Party had hold a stance of sharp criticism against Western Party. Hong Yeo - ha took the lead in the resolution of a periodical question of the age as a bureaucrat and scholarship of the Southern Party. This study has identified his awareness of social reality and reform plans in three major perspectives. First, it was how he coped with the Western Party. Hong Yeo - ha was a first man who begun to show a strong stance of sharp criticism against Western Party. He took a pop at Song Si - Yeul who had a strong influence on the whole of administration of state affairs as a Minister of Interior in the late of Hojong period. This made Song Si - Yeul lose his position temporary and Hong Yeo - ha himself was banished, too. This attack was meaningful in that it was ahead of Southern Party` large - scale attack against Western Party at the dispute on the decencies at 1659 followed by the death of King Hojong and showed show Southern Party`s mettle. Second, it was how he coped with the dispute on the term of wearing mourning dress. He encouraged about 1,000 scholars of Youngnam to lodge an appeal on the decencies after the dispute on the term of wearing mourning dress at 1659 came up to Western Party`s expectation. He strenuously insisted the proper timing and the validity of the dispute on the decencies. He was one of the three men who drew the outlines of the dispute on the term of wearing mourning dress. Third, it was how he dealt with actual issues at that time. After passing the civil service examination, Hong Yeo - ha served a public service for five years and spent another 15 years for secluded life to come up with specific plans for resolving actual issues of the national administration as an intellectual in the nation. At that time, Hong Yeo - ha suggested a plan for reform of tax system as a means for the public to stay free from the biggest struggle in their lives. He insisted to simplify standards regarding the site as a criterion for imposing tax after identifying a major trend of tax system in the history of Korea.

寒洲 李震相의 現實認識과 經世論

우인수(Woo, In-soo) 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2015 한국학논집 Vol.0 No.60

기획논문 : 사미헌 장복추의 문학과 사상 ; 사미헌 장복추의 문인록과 문인집단 분석

우인수 ( In Soo Woo ) 한국문학언어학회( 구- 경북어문학회) 2007 어문론총 Vol.47 No.-

Samihun(四未軒) Jang Bokchoo(張福樞 ; 1815~1900) was a Neoconfucian who represented Youngnam province at the end of the Joseon dynasty. He was not only learned in the Neoconfucianism, but also believed earnestly in the words of the wise and exerted himself to practice those words. He cultivated lots of men who wanted to be taught from him in his life. This article addressed characteristics, which disciples of Jang Bokchoo had, and their activities through old documents dealing with them. And this paper is predicated on studying about the mixed state of registration of the disciples by contrasting the xylographic books about them. This would form the basis of my point in this paper. Then, based on the study, this paper would reveal a scale of followers of Jang Bokchoo and features their activities had. Also, we will see in this article how the disciples, affected from Jang Bokchoo, survived the period of a reform and what kind of meaningful works they made, so we can find social level and characteristics of Samihun doctrinal faction. Documents about disciples of Jang Bokchoo were published in collections of works third time, being complemented each time, from now on. According to 『Samihunsunsangjunjip(四未軒先生全集)』, archive about pupils of Jang Bokchoo, in 1972, 428 disciples were under his instruction. Records in 『Samihunjip(四未軒集)』, 1985, said there were 682 people. And in 『Samihunjunseo(四未軒全書)』, 2006, it was concluded that there were 747 pupils. Through assuming disciples`s residences, they resided in Chilgok, Indong, Sungju, where they were close to the place Jang Bokchoo lived, were 287 in total and they formed 38% of whole followers. Also, there were many disciples dwelled at Keochang, Habcheon, Changlyong in Southwestern districts and Keumlyuong, Sunsan in Northern districts. In conclusion, absorption force of Jang Bokchoo was concentrated on Sungju area. When it comes to family name, people who had surname Jang of Indong district, which is same as Jang Bokchoo`s, were 133 in total and they carried weight among the whole disciples, forming 18%. We have to consider that the number of them were naturally overlapped that of Hanju(寒洲) Lee Jinsang(李震相) and this, also, can be one of the features. In this article, I addressed that there were two patterns in the disciple`s activities. The one was the patriot who strongly resisted to the power of foreign countries like Jang Sukyoung and Song Joonpil. And the other one were the scholars in retirement who lived in seclusion, kept their loyalty, being conservative, like Jang Seungtaek and Jo Keungsub. This two groups had different patterns in coping with the tide, but both were possible choices for disciples being worried about the reality of Josedn dynasty.

영천의 ‘사난(四難)’ 창의와 포은정신(圃隱精神)

우인수(Woo, In-soo) 포은학회 2017 포은학연구 Vol.20 No.-

영천은 포은(圃隱) 정몽주(鄭夢周)의 탄생지(誕生地)이다. 정몽주는 고려말 풍전등화와 같은 왕조를 위해 목숨을 바침으로써 영원한 충절의 상징이 되었다. 그는 그를 죽인 자들이 세운 조선왕조가 개창된 후 얼마 되지않아 복권되었고, 이어 문묘에까지 배향됨으로써 만인의 존경을 한 몸에 받는 영광을 누리게 되었다. 본 논문은 영천에서 전후 네 차례에 걸쳐 일어난 의병의 창의 상황을 살피고, 그 상황을 모아 하나의 책으로 엮은 영양사난창의록(永陽四難倡義錄)의 편찬 과정과 의미를 살핀 글이다. 이는 영천에서 정몽주를 숭모하여 그 정신을 계승하고 실천한 모습을 역사 속에서 찾고 증명하는 일이다. 조선에 서원이 세워지기 시작하던 초창기에 영천에는 이황의 문인들이 주도하여 정몽주를 모시는 임고서원을 세웠다. 이황의 관심과 지원 속에 창건된 임고서원은 두 번째로 사액서원이 되면서 그 명성을 확고히 할 수 있었다. 그리고 정몽주의 주된 향사처로서의 지위도 아울러 가지게 되었다. 정몽주와 임고서원을 자랑스럽게 생각하는 영천인들은 국가가 위기에 처하였을 때, 평소 체득한 ‘포은정신’으로 떨쳐 일어나 충의를 실천하였다. 임진의병, 정묘의병, 병자의병, 무신의병 등 전후 4차례에 걸쳐 의병을 일으켰다. 참여한 총 인원이 확인되는 자만 650여명에 달하였다. 후일 자료의 인멸을 안타까워한 영천인들은 영양사난창의록(永陽四難倡義錄)의 편찬을 통해 길이 기억하고자 하였다. 여기서 정몽주의 ‘의(義)’ 와 영천의병의 ‘의’를 동일시하였고, 나아가 창의록 편찬의 ‘의’까지도 동일 한 것으로 간주하였다. 그리고 ‘포은정신’의 계승을 천명한 창의록의 편찬은 영천을 넘어 영남, 나아가 조선의 행운이 되는 것임을 드러내어 밝혔다. Yeongcheon is the birthplace of Poeun(圃隱) Jeong Mong-ju. This paper presents an investigation into the publication process and significance of Yeongyangsananchanguirok((永陽四難倡義錄)), which examined and put together the situations in which an army was raised four times for the cause of justice in Yeongcheon. It is an attempt to find and demonstrate in history the ways that the people of Yeongcheon respected Jeong Mong-ju; thus, inherited and practiced his spirit. In the early days of Seowons in Joseon, the literary figures under Lee Hwang took the lead in building Imgo Seowon(臨皐書院) to enshrine Jeong Mong-ju in Yeongcheon. Built with Lee Hwang s interest and support, Imgo Seowon became the second Sa-aek Seowon(賜額書院); and thus, solidified its fame. It also obtained the status of a major shrine for Jeong Mong-ju. Taking pride in Poeun and Imgo Seowon, the people of Yeongcheon rose high in the spirit of Poeun, which they had learned and practiced faithfully in case of national crisis. They raised an army in the cause of justice four times after wars broke out, which were called Imjin, Jeongmyo, Byeongja, and Musin Uibyeong(義兵). The confirmed number of people who participated was 650. Feeling worried about the potential destruction of their data in later times, the people of Yeongcheon decided to publish Yeongyangsananchanguirok to keep the memories for many years to come. In this book, they identified the righteousness of Jeong Mong-ju with that of Yeongcheon Uibyeong and furthered its publication. They also demonstrated that the publication of the book, which declared the inheritance of the Poeun spirit, would bring good luck to Yeongnam and also Joseon beyond Yeongcheon.

임란시 상주 북천전투의 실상과 현창사업

우인수 ( Woo In-soo ) 역사교육학회 2017 역사교육논집 Vol.62 No.-

The Battle of Bukcheon in Sangju was a battle between the local army of Sangju under the command of the central army of Joseon and the Japanese forces. The Battle holds its significance as the first battle since Milyang against the Japanese forces on its way to the capital along the middle path. It was also the battle in which the central army of Joseon had its first encounter with the Japanese forces. This study critically reviewed sporadic opinions about the reality and causes of defeat of the Battle and reached the following conclusions: the study first examined the parts on why General Lee Il moved his troops to the side of Bukcheon from the town castle of Sangju. There were two opposing opinions about it: one insisted that it was for battle formation training, and the other argued that it was for a plain battle. The nature and significance of the Battle of Bukcheon differs according to the two opinions. The study concluded that the General moved his troops to the side of Bukcheon for basic training for his troops that had been put together abruptly and training to coordinate with the central army. Different opinions had also been raised sporadically regarding the causes of their defeat in the Battle. The present study summarized the causes into three based on those opinions: first, they had their weakness exposed considerably to the enemy without taking advantage of Jeseungbangryak and its advantages as the Japanese forces were quickly moving north; secondly, their military size was absolutely inferior to that of the Japanese forces; and finally, they failed in vigilance as the commander neglected reconnaissance activities. Their defeat resulted in enormous damage to the Sangju area. Many soldiers of the local army of Sangju and the central army of Joseon fought the Japanese forces bravely, ending up being killed along the side of Bukcheon. They were slaughtered helplessly with their retreat routes blocked in the siege. The lucky few were able to climb over the mountain and escape. After their defeat, the Japanese forces inflicted unspeakable damage to each and every village in the Sangju area including the town. Some that surrendered to the Japanese forces and became their informants looted their fellow Joseon people even more viciously. It was another aspect of tragedy in the war. There were, however, some that died a heroic death after exhibiting the spirit of the Joseon people on the horrid battlefield. They became the foundation for Joseon to pull itself together over the damage and pain and recover. The surviving residents of Sangju joined together to pay a tribute to the participants of the Battle of Bukcheon. After they settled down after the disturbance of war and found some stability, they put up tombstones to honor those who were killed in defense of loyalty and demanded that the central government should reward their death. One good example was the establishment of venues to remember and honor them, and they include Chungryeolsa and Chunguidan. In addition, they left the records of their achievements in journals, town logs, and books including Yeongnaminmulgo. The Battle of Bukcheon thus ended up remaining in the memories of Sangju residents forever. There were, however, conflicts between the Sajoks of Sangju over the ways to honor the fallen soldiers in the latter half of Joseon.

조선 숙종조 科擧 부정의 실상과 그 대응책

禹仁秀(Woo In-Soo) 한국사연구회 2005 한국사연구 Vol.130 No.-

The civil service examination during the Chos?n Dynasty, which was a kind of test to select the officials, played an important role in the fate of the country. The civil service examination was supposed to be fair and impartial. Therefore, Illegal acts in the civil service examination had more harmful effects on the society than anything else. This study thoroughly examined kinds of illegal acts and their countermeasures through three epoch-making events during the King Sukjong period of the late Chos?n Dynasty In the 25th reign year of the King Sukjong period, there was the worst illegal acts on a civil service examination called Kimyo kwaok(己卯科獄) undergone by many kinds of illegal acts: substitution the examination problem, an involvement with directors, a proxy, a irruption into the place for examination, etc. In the 28th reign year of the King Sukjong period, there was another illegal acts on a civil service examination called Imo kwaok(壬午科獄) involved with examination directors: The eight of nine successful candidates were relatives of the directors. In the 38th reign year of the King Sukjong period, there was another illegal acts on a civil service examination called Imjin kwaok(壬辰科獄) involved with examination directors. This affair caused the fierce dispute between two big parties those days: Noron and Soron. However their dispute and investigation could not expose examination directors' dark acts. The countermeasures of the government on the Illegal acts were very stern and strict. The government made a thorough investigation of the Illegal acts and dealt severely with the connected people. In some cases related with the parties' profit, more severe investigation carried out. Kimyo kwaok in the 25th reign year of the King caused 50 criminals punished and the civil service examination to be valid. In addition, there were many endeavors to prevent illegal acts on a civil service examination. For example, the government rearranged the law and the king's instructions on the civil service examination for easier application of the law. The government reannounced the law and the king's instructions on the civil service examination to emphasize the importance of the civil service examination. They go as far as to create new law on the civil service examination. During the King Sukjong period of the Chos?n Dynasty, the king's instructions on the civil service examination was given more often than in the past. These instructions was written in three books on the king's instructions like this: 《Kaksa sukyo(各司受敎)》, 》Sukyo-jiprok(受敎輯錄)》, 《Sinbo sukyo jiprok(新補受敎輯錄)》. From the King Sunjo period to the King Yongjo period, the king's instructions on the civil service examination was summed up to 29 affairs. The 80 percent of these 29 affairs were carried out during the King Sukjong period. Most of these king's instructions on the civil service examination was effective as a regulation by being registered in the law book 《Soktaejon(續大典)》 published during the King Youngjo period. This tells us that the kings tried the civil service examination to be fair and equitable. At the same time, they published and distributed some law books on the regulations and countermeasures to prevent illegal acts on a civil service examination. Their resolution took concrete shape by publishing two books: 《Sukyo jiprok(受敎輯錄)》, and 《Chonrok t´onggo(典錄通考)》. All these endeavors formed the foundation of the rearrangement of the law books and national prosperity during the King Y?ngjo and Chungjo period.

조선후기 상주 존애원의 설립과 의료 기능

우인수 ( In Soo Woo ) 대구사학회 2011 대구사학 Vol.104 No.-

This thesis studied on the establishment and function of Jonaewon as a medical center in Sangju District. This paper was based on the existing study and data regarding Jonaewon. I have checked the background for establishing Jonaewon in two sides: local order reconstruction for noblemen in Sangju District and improvement in a regional medical system. And I have carefully researched on its first founder and its management. Jonaewon was the medical center founded by a meeting made up of a lot of clans gathering in Sangju District. Nevertheless, it was characteristic that medical benefit was open to ordinary people in Sangju. And I have made reconstruction through exactly criticism of historical materials about operation and function of Jonaewon, and its change processes. Especially, I have carefully researched focusing to a function as a medical center of Jonaewon. The reason is that it is the most basic function of Jonaewon. The function of Jonaewon operated as a medical center during 180 years from 1599 to 1782. Undoubtfully, Jonaewon had various hardship in operating. It experienced trouble to get from a threat to existence as a medical center during the middle of 17th century. After that, its function as a medical center weakened a lot only to completely stop in the end of 18th century. The existence of Jonaewon is a representative example of regional social changing trend that a medical system led by the government was changed into a medical system by the clans of the noblemen privately.

영남지방사 연구의 현황과 전망

우인수 ( In Soo Woo ) 경북대학교 영남문화연구원 2016 嶺南學 Vol.0 No.29

한국사에서 지방사라는 개념은 1980년대부터 학술적으로 거론되기 시작하였다. 지방사는 자신의 고장 여부에 관계없이 애향적 감정에 바탕을 두지 않고 객관적으로 한 지방의 역사와 문화를 연구하는 역사의 한 분야이다. 지방사는 국가 전체나 중앙과의 관계적 관점 속에서 지방공동체의 전체사 규명을 목표로 한다. 영남지방사는 한국사의 일부분으로서 한국사와의 관계 속에서 영남이라는 한 지방의 개별적 특수성을 드러내는 역사를 가리킨다. 영남지방사 연구는 영남지방의 체계적 이해에 일차적으로 기여할 수 있으며, 나아가 영남지방의 사례 연구와 새로운 자료의 제공으로 한국사의 체계화에 도움을 준다는 점에서 큰 의미를 부여할 수 있다. 지금까지 영남지방사를 위한 기초 자료의 집적과 그에 바탕한 전문적 연구, 그리고 일반인을 대상으로 한 교양도서의 발행 등 양적으로는 괄목할 만한 성과가 있었다. 하지만 질적인 측면에서는 다소 부족하거나 아쉬운 부분이 있기 때문에 좀 더 체계적이고도 조직적인 접근이 이루어질 필요가 있다. 다양한 관련 전공 학자들 간의 지속적인 학제간 연구가 한 방법이다. 다양한 전공 학자를 보유한 거점대학의 연구소는 학제간 연구의 토대를 마련하는 구심점 역할을 할 수 있을 것이다. 그 바탕에서 지방사 연구를 위한 연구 방법론을 습득하고 개발하여 연구 역량을 심화시킨다면, 지방자치의 발전에 발맞추어 지방사 연구는 한 단계 더 진전될 수 있을 것이다. It was in the 1980s that the concept of local history was first discussed academically in Korean history. Local history is an area of history that investigates the history and culture of a local area, which can be the investigator``s hometown or not, in an objective manner not based on his or her love for the hometown. Its goal is to shed light onto the entire history of the local community from the perspective of its relations with the whole nation or the central region. The local history of Youngnam(嶺南) is part of Korean history that reveals the individual uniqueness of the region called Youngnam in its relations with Korean history. Research on the local history of Youngnam can make primary contributions to the systematic understanding of the Youngnam region and further offer huge assistance to the systemization of Korean history by providing the case studies and new materials of the region, thus claiming their considerable significance. There have been noteworthy achievements in terms of quantity in the local history of Youngnam including the accumulation of basic data, specialized studies based on the data, and publication of cultural books for common people. There are, however, some aspects that are lacking or leave a lot to be desired in terms of quality, which raises a need for more systematic and organizational approaches. One of them is interdisciplinary research among scholars from various related fields. The research institute of a base university with scholars of various fields can serve as a pivot for the foundation of such interdisciplinary research. If they acquire and develop methodologies for local history research based on it and thus reinforce their research capabilities, the research of local history will make an advance to the next level, keeping up with the development of local autonomy.

18세기 중엽 사근도(沙斤道) 역인(驛人)의 호구(戶口) 구성과 실태 - 『사근도(沙斤道) 형지안(形止案)』 의 분석을 중심으로 -

우인수 ( Woo In-soo ) 한국고문서학회 2017 古文書硏究 Vol.51 No.-

본 논문은 새롭게 발견된 18세기 중엽인 1747년(영조 23)의 『사근도 형지안』을 분석하여 역에 속한 역인의 구성과 실태를 살핀 글이다. 『사근도 형지안』은 현존하는 4개의 역도 형지안 중의 하나라는 점에서 의미가 있고, 전체가 완전하게 남아있는 형지안이어서 그 의미가 더욱 크다. 현존하는 김천도와 송라도 형지안과는 비슷한 시기라는 점에서, 자여도 형지안과는 비슷한 지역이라는 점에서 좋은 비교 대상이 된다는 점도 자료가 가지는 큰 장점이다. 『사근도 형지안』은 소속 15개 역별로 작성되어 있는데, 사근역의 경우가 규모가 가장 커서 역인의 수가800명을 넘었고, 그 아래에 500명대의 안간역, 400명대의 유린역, 300명대의 정수역의 순이었다. 그 아래 100명대의 역이 5개역, 100명 이하의 역이 6개역이었다. 15개 역의 역인 총수는 3,468명이었다. 여기에 보인 460명을 더할 경우 3,928명이었다. 보인을 제외할 경우 자여도의 경우와 거의 비슷한 규모였다. 각 역의 역인은 호로 묶여 파악되고 있었다. 이때의 호는 역인 파악의 편의를 도모하기 위해 혈연에 기초하여 만든 호였다. 사근역의 경우 165개 호 가운데 40개 호의 호수가 사망자이거나 도망자였으며, 도망자중에는 100세가 넘는 자도 3명이나 있었다. 그리고 역인 중 다수를 차지하고 있는 역리의 경우 직접 역을 지지 않는 여성인 역녀가 기재 대상에서 아예 제외되어 있었다. 따라서 호를 통한 가족의 여러 가지 상황파악에는 근본적인 한계가 있다. 결국 형지안 작성의 주된 관심은 驛役을 지는 정확한 역인의 실태 파악에 있었다. 이 점을 고려하여 역인의 특징을 밝히는 데 집중하였다. 역리의 역별 구성과 규모, 연령대 및 연령별 분석의 특징을 추출할 수 있었다. 특히 역노비의 경우는 남녀가 모두 기재되어 있는 자료의 특성상 역리의 경우보다 더 다양한 분석이 가능하였다. 성비의 분석, 출자별 분석, 혼인의 양태 등이 그것이다. 나아가 분석의 결과를 김천도, 송라도, 자여도의 경우와 비교 분석함으로써 사근도의 특징을 더욱 드러낼 수 있다. 역에서 차지하는 비중이 점차 줄어들고 있는 일수와 보인의 모습과 실태도 확인하였다. This study set out to analyze the Census Register of Sageundo Stations, which is newly discovered material that was written in 1747 (the 23rd year of King Yeongjo`s reign) in the mid-18th century, and examine the composition and reality of station workers. The Census Register of Sageundo Stations holds its significance as one of the four remaining census registers of stations and even greater importance as the only census register with all of its contents kept intact. It also has a huge advantage of being a good object of comparison as it addresses a similar period to the census registers of Kimcheondo and Songrado and covers a similar area to the census register of Jayeodo. The Census Register of Sageundo Stations contains the data of 15 stations within the jurisdiction. Of the stations, Sageun Station was the biggest and had over 800 station workers, followed by Angan Station with about 500 stations workers, Yurin Station with about 400 station workers, and Jeongsu Station with about 300 station workers in that order. There were five stations with approximately 100 station workers and six stations with fewer than 100 station workers. The total number of station workers at the 15 stations was 3,468. Their workforce reached 3,928 when 460 carriers were added to them. Sageundo was a similar size to Jayeodo when the carriers were not included. The stations` workers at each station were surveyed in terms of household. There were 165 households within the jurisdiction of Sageun Station, and the head was dead or escaped in 40 of them. There were even three people that were 100 years old or older among the escapees. Accounting to the majority of station workers, the official clerks had Yeokneyo, which refers to women charged with no direct duty of Yeok, excluded from their census registers. These findings indicate that there are fundamental limitations figuring out various situations involving families based on households. The major concern of the census register was to examine the actual conditions of station workers charged with the duty of station Yeok accurately. Taking that into consideration, the present study focused on shedding light on the characteristics of station workers and identified the composition and size of official clerks by the stations and the characteristics of analysis by age groups. A more diverse analysis of station servants was more possible than official clerks at the station since the material contained the data of both male and female station servants. They include analysis by gender, birth condition, and marital status. Furthermore, the analysis results of Sageundo was compared and analyzed with those of Gimcheondo, Songrado, and Jayeodo to make its characteristics more prominent. The importance of errand boys and carriers gradually decreased at the station, whose binding force over them weakened. These situations were explained in comparison to the reality of the times.