무전해 도금으로 제조한 마이크로 히트싱크

안현진,손원일,홍주희,홍재민,An Hyun Jin,Son Won Il,Hong Joo Hee,Hong Jae-Min 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2004 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Electronic devices are getting smaller due to integration of electronic chip, and heat generated in electronic devices can cause loss of performance and/or reliability of the devices. In this research, metals such as gold, nickel and copper are plated onto a porous membrane by electroless plating method to make an efficient micro-heatsinks. Electroless plating includes sensitization and activation steps in pre-treatment steps. A polycarbonate(PC) membrane was sensitizied, activated and deposited in each metal solution for plating. Among manufactured microfibrils, heat transfer and radiation properties of Ni-microfibril with high surface area were more effective than those of $Au^-$ and Cu-microfibril. 전자칩의 고집적화에 의해 전자기기들은 점점 소형화 되어가고 있으며, 이들 기기들에서 발생되는 열은 기기의 성능 저하뿐 아니라 수명을 단축시킨다. 본 연구에서는 효율적인 방열 위한 마이크로 히트싱크 제조를 위하여 멤브레인에 금속(금, 니켈, 구리)은 도금하는 무전해 도금 방법을 이용하였다. 무전해 도금은 폴리카보네이트 멤브레인을 sensitization과 activation 등의 전처리 후, 도금하고자 하는 금속염 수용액에 침적시켜 실행하였다. 무전해 도금에 의하여 제조된 각각의 마이크로피브릴의 열전달 특성과 방열량은 표면적이 가장 큰 니켈 마이크로피브릴에서 가장 우수하게 나타났다.

드라이빙핀용 전단연결재의 전단내력에 관한 실험적 연구

안현진(An Hyun-Jin),안준홍(An Jun-Hong),박기연(Park Ky-Youn),황성철(Hwang Sung-Chul),김순철(Kim Soon-Chul),문연준(Moon Youn-Joon),양일승(Yang Il-Seung) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.29 No.1(구조계)

Power actuated fasteners in sort of mechanical methods have appeared to be an alternative to metallurgical methods in the connection of a structural steel member and a thin steel plate. Power actuated fasteners can be driven by power actuated tools or by pneumatically driven tools. Mechanical methods have appeared to be an alterative to metallurgical methods in the connection of a shear connector on composite beam. Also, This method can improve the problems of the welding(the labor-intensive and security of weld quality). We will consider a shear connectors using mechanical connection method instantaneously installed in a steel beam using the explosive power of gunpower. The shear tests on shear connectors, which is X-HVB80 shear connector(Hilti corporation), WT(Wide Type) shear connector, PBT(Perfor-Bond Type) shear connector, and IT(Inclined Type) shear connector, are carried to evaluate structural behavior of shear connectors. Also, this research supplies the fundamental data to the design criterion of this mechanical method by clarifying the influence of the mechanical method on the shear connectors' property.

The studies on promoting forest carbon sequestration to meet Paris climate agreement targets

Seok Hyun-deok(서현덕),An Hyunjin(안현진),Choi Junyeong(최준영),Ibrahim Muhammad,Tobar Diego 한국농촌경제연구원 2016 한국농촌경제연구원 정책연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

The new emission standards from the Paris agreement presented us with many challenges. Since the role of developing countries in responding to climate change is becoming more significant, Korea, which has not been obliged to reduce climate change so far, should prepare groundbreaking carbon reduction strategies. In addition, we need to strengthen international cooperation to arrive at global solutions to climate change, since carbon emission will induce climate change regardless of which countries emit it. With this background, KREI in Korea and CATIE in Costa Rica performed joint research to seek effective forest action to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Forests make up the largest terrestrial carbon reservoir, sequestrating 30% of annual global anthropogenic CO2. Because two countries have abundant forest resources, it would be expected that responding to climate change using forest resources could be an optimal strategy for both countries. This paper includes details from two different researches. The first research was done by CATIE in Costa Rica with its major objective being to determine the effect of payment for environmental services (PES) as it related to the performance of a silvopastoral (SP) system in Esparaz, Costa Rica. The payment for ecosystem services (PES) has been piloted and implemented in various parts of the world, with an objective of encouraging farmers to engage in environmentally friendly practices to enhance biodiversity. In this strategy, an environmental services index (ESI) is set and farmers are paid for their activities that provide a net increase of the ESI points. A previous study shows that the use of PES initiatives has resulted in increased environmental biodiversity characterized by a reduction in the degraded pastureland and an increase in the portions of pasture with high tree density (Pagiola et al., 2007). The use of PES programs on a silvopastoral (SP) system in Costa Rica also increased the rate of trees’ reintroduction and live fences, thereby improving biodiversity habitat and the levels of carbon sequestration. However, the main concern associated with the use of PES initiatives is the long-term sustainability of the programs as a result of the financial resources required to pay the farmers and the continuity of the programs once the payments have stopped. The second research, performed by KREI in Korea, examines efficient forest regulation planning to enhance carbon sinks in forests using linear programming (LP). Forest management has been taken into consideration to increase forest carbon sequestration and sustainability. However, as Duangsathapon and Prasomsin (2005) argued, forest management can be a challenging and daunting task, calling for the application of scientific methods to ensure proper planning and utilization of environmental resources such as trees in forests. The LP model has been applied to foster proper management of the forest trees. Using the LP model, managers are able to segment forests into cutting units, in which trees that share the same age are segregated, and logging activities are allowed in different segments on a rotation basis to mitigate total deforestation. This model has fostered the maintenance of the tree covers in forests through regulated logging and improved the maintenance of sustainable carbon sequestration in trees. Current unbalanced age structure of Korean forests cannot provide both economic and environmental sustainability. Through harvest prescription from LP, we derived the balanced age-class distribution that constitutes improved conditions for sustainable use of forest resources. Even though there are several limitations, our LP model would provide the forest managers and policy makers with a tool for implementing cost-efficient forest planning.

실물옵션법을 이용한 산림 바이오매스 열공급 시설의 투자 분석

안현진 ( Hyunjin An ),민경택 ( Kyungtaek Min ) 한국산림과학회 2021 한국산림과학회지 Vol.110 No.3

기후변화 대응과 탄소중립 실현을 위해 산림 바이오매스의 에너지 이용은 중요한 과제이다. 이 연구의 목적은 목재칩 보일러를 주력으로 사용하는 산림에너지자립마을의 투자 타당성을 분석하고 시설의 지속적 운영을 위해 필요한 적정열 보조금 수준을 산출하는 데 있다. 분석을 위해 순현재가치법과 선택의 유연성을 고려한 콜옵션 가격결정모형을 이용하였다. 분석결과에 따르면, 현재와 같이 국비 50%를 지원하고 전력에만 REC를 인정하면 산림에너지자립마을의 순현재가치와 내부수익률은 모두 음(-)이며, 실물옵션 모형으로 평가한 투자가치도 0으로 나타났다. 따라서 에너지 시설의 지속적 가동을 위해 정부 보조금이 필요하다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 사업의 옵션가치를 0보다 크게 만드는 열보조금 수준을 도출하였는데, 최소 0.0248원/kcal으로 나타났다. The energy use of forest biomass is crucial to deal with climate change and achieve the carbon-neutral goal. This study aims to analyze the economic feasibility of forest biomass thermal energy facilities and calculate the optimal subsidy level of heat supply to ensure continued operation of the facilities. To achieve this aim, the net present value approach (NPV) and call option price model are adopted considering wood chip price volatilities. The Forest Energy Self-Sufficient Village Project financed by Korea Forest Service is considered as the research case study. In our analysis, when 50% of the initial investment is given to the subsidies and RECs are applied to only power generation, NPV and IRR are both negative and the investment value using the real option model is also zero. We concluded that some heat subsidies should be acknowledged to keep the facilities operating. Besides, the simulation results reveal reliable economic values when the heating subsidy is priced at KRW 0.0248 per kcal.

멜라닌 생합성 억제제로서 수용성 Oleanolic Acid 유도체의 합성 및 활성 평가

안현진 ( Hyun-jin An ),윤영경 ( Young-kyung Yoon ),이재덕 ( Jae-duck Lee ),정노희 ( Noh-hee Jeong ) 한국공업화학회 2020 공업화학 Vol.31 No.6

본 연구에서는 메톡시폴리에틸렌글리콜(methoxy polyethylene glycol)과 올레아놀산(Oleanolic acid) 유도체(mPEG-OA derivative)를 합성하였으며, 합성된 유도체에 대하여 수용액에서의 용해도와 멜라닌 생성억제 효과를 평가하였다. mPEG-OA 유도체의 합성된 구조는 ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR 및 FT-IR로 확인하였다. 수용액에서 mPEG-OA 유도체와 OA의 용해도를 측정한 결과, mPEG-OA 유도체는 13 mg/mL, OA는 0.013 mg/mL로서, mPEG-OA 유도체의 수용성이 OA보다 1,000배 높게 나타냈다. 세포생존율은 B16F10 melanoma cells에서, mPEG-OA 유도체의 세포생존율(250 μM)이 OA로 처리한 세포생존율(62.5 μM)과 비교하여 4배 증가하였다. 멜라닌 생합성 억제 효과는 세포생존율이 영향을 받지 않는 농도에서 측정하였으며, mPEG-OA 유도체는 50 μM의 농도에서 36%, OA는 10 μM의 농도에서 35%의 억제 효과를 나타내었다. B16F10 melanoma cells에서 MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor)의 발현 억제 수준은 mPEG-OA 유도체는 50 μM의 농도에서 59%, OA는 10 uM의 농도에서 49%의 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 종합적으로 mPEG-OA 유도체와 OA의 수용성 및 미백활성을 비교한 결과, mPEG-OA 유도체는 OA보다 뛰어난 수용성을 가지며, 멜라닌 생합성을 억제하는 효과를 나타냄으로써 미백 기능성 화장품 소재로서 응용 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. This study was focused on the synthesis of methoxy polyethylene glycol-oleanolic acid ester (mPEG-OA derivative) and investigation of its water solubility and anti-melanogenic effects. mPEG-OA derivative was identified by ¹H and ¹³C NMR and FT-IR spectroscopic measurements. The water solubilities of mPEG-OA derivative and OA were found to be 13 and 0.013 mg/mL and that of mPEG-OA was found to be 1000-fold higher than that of OA. The effects of mPEG-OA derivative and OA on cell viability were measured using B16F10 melanoma cells. The viability of cells treated with mPEG-OA derivative (250 μM) increased 4-fold compared to that of cells treated with OA (62.5 μM). At mPEG-OA derivative and OA concentrations where the cell viability was unaffected, the inhibitory effect of mPEG-OA derivative and OA on the melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells were 36 and 35% at 50 and 10 μM, respectively. The expression level of microphthalmia- associated transcription (MITF) was also reduced in B16F10 melanoma cells treated with mPEG-OA and OA. Overall, mPEG-OA derivative showed excellent water solubility and inhibitory effects of the melanogenesis, which could be used as a potential formulation for use in whitening functional cosmetic material.

디자인 만족도 및 제조국 이미지가 연령대별로 구매 의도에 미치는 영향 및 두 변수의 상호작용에 관한 연구 -중국 가전제품을 대상으로-

안현진(An, Hyeon Jin),박보람(Park, Bo Ram) 한국디자인문화학회 2020 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.26 No.1

경험 가치를 중요시하는 오늘날 소비자들에게 제품구매 결정의 핵심요소였던 ‘제조국 이미지’가 구매 의도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 고찰하고자 본 연구를 진행했다. 먼저, 제품 구매 경험이 있는 10대에서 50대를 대상으로 예비조사를 시행하고 결과를 통해 ‘토스트기’와 ‘중국’을 본 조사의 실험대상으로 선정했다. 본 조사는 10대에서 50대까지 연령별로 5개의 집단으로 처치하여 총 166명을 조사했다. 디자인 만족도, 중국 국가 이미지, 중국 국가 정보를 지각한 구매 의도로 총 3가지 변수를 측정한 결과, 10대~20대와 30대~50대 두 집단으로 구매 의도에 대한 차이가 있었으며 1020세대가 3050 세대보다 높은 구매 의도를 보였다. 또한, 모든 연령대의 디자인 만족도 수준이 비슷했음에도 불구하고 구매의도에 있어서 차이를 보였으므로 1020세대는 상대적으로 3050세대보다 제조국 이미지에 대한 민감도가 적다는 것을 유추할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 디자인 만족도 요소 가운데 ‘사용성’과 ‘가치성’의 경우, 제조국 이미지가 구매 의도에 영향을 미치는데 디자인 만족도에 영향을 받는 것으로 부분 매개효과를 발견할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 최근 소비문화를 이해하고 구매 의도에 대한 디자인 만족도와 제조국 이미지 간의 상호작용을 파악함으로써, 디자인을 통한 산업적 발전에 유용한 참고 자료가 될 것이다. This study aims to consider about influence of a country-of-origin image, which has been a vital component of decisions about buying products, to consumers these days who value experiences. First of all, the preliminary survey was conducted on those from teens to 50s with experience in purchasing products, and, as a result, a toaster and China were selected as experiment subject of the main research. Afterwards, the main research was evaluated 166 subjects depending on the ages in their five groups those were from teen to 50s. According to the measurement of three variables, design satisfaction, national image and purchase intention that perceives information of China, there was difference in purchase intention between ages 10 to 20 and the 30s to 50s. Besides, purchase intention was higher in the younger group than in the 30s to 50s. Even though it displayed a similar degree of design satisfaction in the all age groups, purchase intention differed. Thus, it implies that the younger were relatively less sensitive to the country-of-origin image that the older. Lastly, in case of ‘usability’ and ‘value’ that belong to the factors of design satisfaction, the country-of-origin image also affects purchase intention, which has been found to be influenced by design satisfaction and consequently to cause partial mediating effects. Ultimately, this research would work as an useful reference for industrial development through design by understanding consumer culture and interactions between design satisfaction on purchase intention and the country-of-origin image.

Hand Gesture Recognition system using TOF Camera

안현진(Hyunjin An),이진석(Jinseok Lee),김대진(Daijin Kim) 한국HCI학회 2011 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

This paper proposes methods for detecting hands and fingertips using depth data acquired by a 3D time of flight (TOF) camera. This camera was located below the hands, facing them. We can recognize hand gesture to use the z-axis distance difference between two hands from the 3D camera and the number of hands and fingers. Result of controlling a car racing game using our suggested algorithm shows 96 % accuracy of five hand postures. Our detection system of hands and fingertips is more accurate and less sensitive illumination than other hand detection systems, so our hand gesture system will be useful in new user interfaces to gives users immersion and reality.

수원시 대기 중 오존과 질소산화물의 장기변동 특성 (1991 ~ 2012)

안현진(Hyunjin An),한지현(Jihyun Han),이미혜(Meehye Lee),강은하(Eunha Kang) 한국대기환경학회 2015 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.31 No.4

젠더관점에서 살펴본 도농지역 캠퍼스타운의 야간 보행환경 - CPTED 사업과 가로 조명을 중심으로 -

안현진(An, Hyunjin),정혜영(Chung, Hyeyoung),장지인(Chang, Ji-in) 대한건축학회 2020 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.36 No.12

This study examines the night-time walking environment before and after a government-led CPTED project implemented in a urban-rural campus town in Jochiwon-eup, Sejong City. The purpose of the study is to investigate gendered differences in perception of safety as students walk from their off-campus housing to the university. The research methods include questionnaire surveys of university students before and after the implementation of the CPTED project, and an analysis of streetlight illumination measurements after dark. The results are as follows. First, survey results reveal that students’ awareness of the CPTED project as well as students’ perception of safety were low, with twice as many female students feeling unsafe compared to male students. Second, students’ preference of the brightest lit route resulted in more foot traffic relative to other routes. Female students showed greater preference and concentrated use relative to male students. While male students also preferred the brightest lit route, their paths were more varied compared to female students. Third, even though measurements of the illumination levels of streetlights were found to comply with CPTED guidelines, the failure to address blind spots, such as dark spaces between streetlights, under tree branches, and dark winding street corners, contributed to a low sense of safety while walking at night-time. To substantially increase sense of safety, especially among female student, brighter street lights need to be accompanied by a comprehensive effort to eliminate blind spots and dark corners.

기후변화에 따른 산림병해충 영향과 대응과제

안현진(An Hyunjin),이상민(Lee Sangmin),최준영(Choi Junyeong) 한국농촌경제연구원 2019 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-