Nicotine Suppresses TNF-${\alpha}$ Expression in Human Fetal Astrocyte through the Modulation of Nuclear Factor-${\kappa}B$ Activation

Son, Il-Hong,Park, Yong-Hoon,Yang, Hyun-Duk,Lee, Sung-Ik,Han, Sun-Jung,Lee, Jai-Kyoo,Ha, Dae-Ho,Kang, Hyung-Won,Park, Joo-Young,Lee, Sung-Soo The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2008 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.4 No.2

Parkinson's disease (PD) progresses severely by a gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Epidemiological studies showed that the incidences of PD were reduced by smoking of which the major component, nicotine might be neuroprotective. But the function of nicotine, which might suppress the incidences of PD, is still unknown. Fortunately, recently it was reported that a glial reaction and inflammatory processes might participate in a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SN. The levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ synthesised by astrocytes and microglia are elevated in striatum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in PD. TNF-${\alpha}$ kills the cultured dopaminergic neurons through the apoptosis mechanism. TNF-${\alpha}$ release from glial cells may mediate progression of nigral degeneration in PD. Nicotine pretreatment considerably decreases microglial activation with significant reduction of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression and TNF-${\alpha}$ release induced by lipopholysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Thus, this study was intended to explore the role of nicotine pretreatment to inhibit the expressions of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in human fetal astrocytes (HFA) stimulated with IL-$1{\beta}$. The results are as follows: HFA were pretreated with 0.1, 1, and $10{\mu}g/mL$ of nicotine and then stimulated with IL-$1{\beta}$ (100 pg/mL) for 2h. The inhibitory effect of nicotine on expressions of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in HFA with pretreated $0.1{\mu}g/mL$ of nicotine was first noted at 8hr, and the inhibitory effect was maximal at 12 h. The inhibitory effect at $1{\mu}g/mL$ of nicotine was inhibited maximal at 24 h. Cytotoxic effects of nicotine were noted above $10{\mu}g/mL$ of nicotine. Moreover, Nicotine at 0.1, 1 and $10{\mu}g/mL$concentrations significantly inhibited IL-$1{\beta}$-induced TF-${\kappa}B$ activation. Collectively, these results indicate that in activated HFA, nicotine may inhibit the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA through the pathway which suppresses the NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. This study suggests that nicotine might be neuroprotective to dopaminergic neurons in the SN and reduce the incidences of PD.

골수이식 후 사이토카인과 골교체 생화학적표지자의 변화 및 상관관계

민우성,강무일,한제호,강성구,오기원,이원영,김혜수,문성대,손현식,신완식,김춘추,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.1

Background : Loss of bone mass is usually detected after BMT. The causes of bone loss are related with gonadal dysfunction and immunosuppressants. Cytokines, especially IL-6, play an important role in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the pathogenetic role of cytokines in post-BMT bone loss is unknown and data on the changes of cytokines in accordance with bone turnover markers are scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship of bone turnover markers and cytokines of peripheral blood and bone marrow before and after allogeneic BMT. Methods : This prospective study included two analyses. The first was a study of 46 BMT recipients, examining the relationship between bone turnover markers and cytokines of serum which were measured before and 1, 2, 3, 4 week and 3 months after BMT. The second was a study of 14 BMT patients, measuring bone marrow plasma cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-? at post-BMT 3 week and bone turnover marker at the same time to assess the relationship beween two parameters. Results : Serum ICTP, bone resorption marker, increased progressively until 4 weeks (peak) after BMT and then decreased thereafter. Serum osteocalcin, bone formation marker, decreased progressively until 3 weeks after BMT and then increased thereafter. There was positive correlation between serum ICTP and bone marrow IL-6 levels at the post-BMT 3 week with a statistical significance, but the correlation between bone turnover markers and bone marrow TNF-? or peripheral blood cytokines was not found. Conclusion : Our data suggest that the progressive increase of bone resorption after BMT is related with the increase of bone marrow IL-6, which is a potent stimulator of bone resorption in vivo(J Kor Soc Endocrinol 15:85-96, 2000).

동종골수이식 후 발생한 비갑상선질환 증후군에서 사이토카인의 혈청 농도의 변화 및 비갑상선질환 증후군이 이식 후 예후에 미치는 영향

안병영,이광우,민우성,손형선,손호영,차봉연,강무일,윤건호,강성구,오기원,이원영,손현식,신완식,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.2

Background : Alteration of thyroid hormone parameters are frequently observed in sick patients and commonly known as nonthyroidal illness syndrome(NTIS) or euthyroid sick syndrome(ESS). NTIS is seen in starvation, surgery, severe illness, and also bone marrow transplantation(BMT). The degree of reduction in thyroid hormone parameters correlated with the severity of NTIS and might predict the prognosis of underlying illness. Recently, particular attention is focused on the role of cytokines in developing the NTIS. This prospective study was designed to assess the relationship of serum thyroid hormone parameters and serum cytokine levels before and in the short-term follow-up after allogeneic BMT in order to predict patients outcome. Methods : Included 80 patients that were mainly leukemia and severe aplastic anemia. Serum thyroid hormone parameters and serum cytokine levels were measured before and 7, 14, 21, 28 days and 3, and 6 months after BMT. Results : Near-all patients experienced significant decrease of thyroid hormone levels and also significant increase of cytokine levels after BMT. After post-BMT 3 weeks, the serum cytokine levels were negatively correlated with the serum T3 and T4 levels, but not with the serum TSH levels. The patients treated with high-dose steroid or total-body irradiation tended to show lower levels of TSH and more delayed recovery compared to non-treated patients. The patients died after BMT represented generally lower levels of all thyroid hormone parameters than survival patients during entire follow-up period. Conclusion : Development of NTIS is associated with higher probability of fatal outcome after BMT and has prognostic relationship in this group of patients. Increased levels of cytokines, especially IL-6 and TNF-?, are often found in post-BMT NTIS patients and correlated with the changes in the levels of thyroid hormone parameters(J Kor Soc Endocrinol 15:214-225, 2000).

탈공역단백질 유전자 다형성이 비만여성의 운동 후 Leptin과 Insulin에 미치는 영향

손원일,왕석우 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.4

The objects were twenty of more than 35 years old fat women who had more than 30% body fat, and their UCP-1 (the uncoupling protein) gene and genetic polymorphism of inspected. Depending upon the existence of mutation, nine women did complex exercise 5 times a week and BO minutes a day for 12. weeks, in other words, 60~70% level of the aerobic exercise and 60% level of the weight training, to examine leptin and insulin, Hood lipid and changes of body construction. The findings were as follows: 1. The Changes of Leptin and Insulin After the 12-weeks exercise, the leptin decreased to have no significant difference (p<.05), and the insulin increased to have no significant difference(p<.01) 2. The Changes of Blood Lipid After the 12-weeks exercise, the TC decreased to have no significant difference(p>.05), and the TG increased to have no significant difference (p>.05), and the LDL-C decreased to have no significant difference (p>.05), and the HDL-C increased to have significant difference(p<.05). 3. The Changes of Body Composition After the 12-weeks exercise, the weight decreased to have no significant difference (p<.0l), and both the body fat and the BMI decreased to have significant difference(p<.01).

배근력 측정시 상체각도에 따른 측정방법간의 비교연구

손원일,홍춘기 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.1

The back strength being used currently tend to interpret not the pure back strength but the intensified by such flexed strength from elbows, wrists and arms, with such a problem in mind, this study was aimed at reviewing the differences of back strength among measuring methods. To this end, K.Y.S type back strength, Biodex and Medx were compared in order to confirm which is the correct of back strength. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) There was found some significant difference of the back strength measurement between Biodex and Medx (P<.001) when the strength was measured at 10 degree of the Trunk. 2) There was found no significant difference of the back strength measurements between K.Y.S and Medx when the strength was measured at 20 degree of the Trunk, there was found some significant difference when Biodex was used(P<.001). 3) There was found some significant difference of the back strength measured by Biodex when the strength was measured at 30 degree of the Trunk (P<.001). The wasfound on significant difference between K.Y.S and Medx, but there was found some significant of strength when Medx was used. 4) There was found some significant difference of the back strength measurements among K.Y.S, Biodex and Medx when the strength was measured at 40 degree of the Trunk(P<.001), and it was found that the value measured by Biodex and Medx was higher than that measured by K.Y.S. 5) There was found no significant difference of the back strength measurements between Biodex and Medx when the strength was measured at 50 degree of the Trunk, but there was found some significant difference when K.Y.S was used(P<.001). To some up, in K.Y.S method, the higher the Trunk degree was, the back strength decreased more, while in Medx method, the trunk degree was proportional to the back strength measured. Such a finding may be interpreted in such a way that pushing power of Medx is higher than the pulling power of K.Y.S.

12주간 걷기 운동이 노년여성의 신체구성 및 체지방 면적 변화에 미치는 영향

손원일,한인실 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12weeks walking training program for the aged women on body composition and body at area. The 65-70 years in aged women subjects consisted of two intensity(60-70% & 70-80% exercise intensity, each n=8). In order to measure the response of body composition and body at area by walking program during 12 weeks(3times/week, 35min./day). After 12 weeks of training, statistical analysis of the results was analyzed by t-test within groups of pre & post 12 weeks training The result were as follows: 1. Body composition of results showed that there were significant effects in body density, lean body mass, triceps, subscapular, abdomen, suprailiac, total skinfold thickness among groups, but not significant body at & body fat weight. Also, t-test within 60-70% group showed fat, body density, lean body mass, triceps, subscapular, total skinfold thickness within 60-70% group, but not significant body fat weight, abdomen, suprailiac, and 70-80% group showed %fat, body density, body fat weight, abdome, suprailiac, subscapular, total skinfold thickness. 2. Body fat area of results showed that there were significant effects in subcutaneous fat area, intra-abdominal fat area, but not significant difference total rat area. Also, t-test within 60-70% group showed not significant difference in subcutaneous at area, intra-abdominal fat area, and total fat area, but 70-80% group showed significant difference in subcutaneous fat area & total fat area.

유도 선수의 체급별 사용기술에 대한 분석

손원일 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze used techniques per classes of judo players in middle school players and frequencies of the who joined the 31th Autumn National Male/Female Middle and High school Judo League and the 37st Spring National Male/Female Middle and High school Judo League Game. Their distribution of agar was 14 to 16. The technique frequencies per classes and frequencies of the techniques were analyzed in percentage, from the data following result was acquired. 1) Frequencies of used technique Autum League Game and Spring League Game a. Te-waza was used with higher frequency at the classes of -48kg, -51kg: 55kg and -60kg. b. Ashi-waza was highly used at the classes of -51kg -55kg, -60kg, -66kg, -73kg and -81kg. c. Koshi-waza and Yoko sutemi-waza(Makikorri) were the main technique of -90, +90kg class. 2) Frequencies of used techniques Autumn League Game and Spring League Game a. The order of TB-waza, Koshi-waza and Ashi-waza is that of the highest frequencies. b. For detail part of techniques, Seoinage(Shoulder throw) was most frequently used Te-waza, Harai-goshi(Hip sweeping) as Kashi we, and Uchi-mata(Inner thigh reaping) as Ashi-waza. 3) Comparison of the two groups. a. There were no clear differences in used techniques classes between the two groups. b. There were also no differences of detail techniques in techniques between the groups. c. The group of Autumn League Game showed higher value than that of Spring League Game in the techniques applied.

초등학생의 신체유형별 신체구성 및 신체부위별 체지방 분포도가 운동수행능력에 미치는 영향

손원일 한국유아체육학회 2003 한국유아체육학회지 Vol.4 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 초등학생을 대상으로 신체유형과 신체부위별 체지방 분포도를 세 가지 유형으로 분류하교 분류유형에 따른 신체구성 및 운동수행능력을 비교 분석하여 건강증진을 위한 적극적인 지도는 물론 건강관리에 중요한 자료를 제공하는데 있다. 1) 연구대상은 서울시에 소재한 S초등학교 4학년부터 5학년까지 남학생 228명을 무선표집방법에 의하여 선정하였으며, 측정항목은 형태, 신체구성, 신체유형, 신체부위별 체지방 분포도, 운동수행능력을 측정하였다. 2) 자료처리는 서술통계를 위한 평균과 표준편차를 산출하였으며 신체유형 그룹별, 체지방 분포도별 변인들을 비교하기 위하여 일원변량분석을 실시하였으며 그룹간 유의한 차이가 있을 때 사후검증을 실시하었고 모든 통계치의 유의수준은 P<0.05로 설정하여 검증하였다. 3) 신체유형별 신체구성은 체지방률, 체지방량, 제지방량, 기초대사량, 총수분량, 체질량 지수, 요위/둔위비에서 내배엽(Endomorphy)이 가장 높은 성적을 나타냈으며 요위/대퇴위비에서는 외배엽(Ectomorphy)이 가장 높게 나타났다. 4) 신체유형별 운동수행능력은 플라밍고 밸런스과 악력은 내배엽(Endomorphy)이 플랫 테핑, 앉아 윗몸 앞으로 굽히기, 제자리 멀리뛰기, 윗몸일으키기, 50m왕복달리기, 전신지구력 달리기의 경우 외배엽(Ectomorphy)이 가장 높게 나타났다. 5) 신체부위별 체지방분포도 그룹별 신체구성은 체지방율, 체지방량, 제지방량. 기초대사량, 총수분량, 체질량지수 모두 여성형(Gynoid)이 가장 높게 나타났다. 6) 신체부위별 체지방분포도와 운동수행능력은 플랫테핑, 앉아윗몸 앞으로 굽히기, 제자리 멀리뛰기, 윗몸일으키기. 50m 왕복달리기는 남성형(Androgeny)이 플라밍고 밸런스, 전신지구력달리기는 보통형(Normal)이 악력은 여성형(Gynoid)이 가장 높게 나타났다. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of somatotype and fat distribution on physical performance in boys aged 9-11 years. Suejects of the study included a total of 228 boys. The anthropometric measurements included body weight, height, sitting height, eight sites of circumferences taken at chest inspiration, expiration, upper arm, flexed upper arm, waist, hip, thigh, calf, fiveskinfolds taken at triceps, subscapular, supailiac, thigh, medial calf. The three somatotype components were calculated by Carter-Heath anthropometric method. Body composition parameters were estimated by Bioelectric impedance analysis(BIA-310 model). The fat distribution was calculated by waist-hip circumference(WHR). Physical performance tests included flamingo balance, plate tapping, sit and reach, grip strength, sit-ups, shuttle run 50m, bent arm hang, endurance run. All data were analyzed by SAS procedure (1988). The results show that boys with high level of endomorphy have more percent fat, fat mass, basal metabolic rate, body mass index(BMI) than those of others. However, waist-thigh ratio was the highest for ectomorphy. As for the physical performance endomorphy was the highest for flamingo balance and grip strength, and ectomorphy for plate tapping, sit and reach, standing broad jump, shuttle run, and endurance run. Gynoid fat patterning had more values for percent fat, fat mass, fat-free mass, basal metabolic rate, total body water and body mass index. But android fat patterning showed higher values for flamingo balance, and endurance run.

후두와 뇌병변의 최소침습수술에서 Fibrin Glue의 사용

손은익,김일만,김동원,임만빈 계명대학교 의과학연구소 2000 계명의대학술지 Vol.19 No.1

The posterior fossa surgery(PFS) via lateral suboccipital craniectomy(SOCE) and partial mastoidectomy always has the potential cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) leakage and painful deformity in the suboccipital and retroauricular area. This study describes the efficacy of our mathods for dural closure and cranioplasty to prevent CSF leakage and suboccipital depression respectively after posterior fossa exploration using retrosigmoid suboccipital approaches. This techniques were performed in the consecutive 10 patients who underwent PFS in a park-bench position for different types of lesions. The SOCE and driling of the mastoid process were done minimally. Following intradural works, dura was closed in a watertight manner usually using a graft, thereafter reinforced with GelfoamR and biological human allogenic fibrin glue (GreenplastR). After augmentation of dural suture, opened mastoid air cells were bone-waxed and covered with fat graft by anchoring sutures. For the reconstructive cranioplasty, autologous bone chips and dust obtained at craniectomy were wrapped with SurgicelR. Then it was replaced to the site of suboccipital bone defect and GreenplastR was applied on and around the bone plate. The age of patients ranged from 33 to 61 years. Five cases of hemifacial spasm have been undertaken decompression of the facial nerve and four cases of cerebellopontine angle masses(meningioma, epidermoid, arachnoid cyst, and cerebellar metastasis) were treated by retrosigmoid approach. Computed tomography and plain cranial films taken a few month later showed successful and good appearance of the suboccipital and retromastoid area. All patients made a excellent recovery without any postoperative complications. Preliminary results of up to 10 months show no CSF leakage nor a persistent headache. There was no adverse reactions related to fibrin glue. We think that the present technique is a valuable method to minimize or avoid postoperative CSF leakage and to restore an autologous bone plate in a cranial defect by piecemal craniectomy.

안구운동 프로그램이 초등학생의 시력에 미치는 영향

손원일 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.5

In this study, it was applied ocular movements program to the experimental group was consisted 70 students and the control group was consisted 70 students in fifty minutes a day, five days a week, for six months. We chose the two groups for elementary school children who have a below 0.7 at random. This is a comparative study of the change of visual acuity before and after participating ocular movements program. Using SPSS/PC 10.1 Program for windows operating system, the change of visual acuity to treat statistically were analyzed. and the following results were obtained. The experimental group went on increasing in left eye of visual acuity(.53) and right eye of visual acuity(.52) respectively. To the contrary, the control group went on increasing in left eye of visual acuity and right eye of visual acuity to(.13) respectively. It was showed that ocular movements is a good method for improvement of visual acuity. The change of visual acuity of the experimental group are found to differ from the control group by .66 and .65 for left eye and right eye respectively. The differences between two groups show very of significance in the level of p<.001. It was showed that ocular movements is a good method for improvement of visual acuity. To maintain clean and health of eye, we instruct elementary school children that they ocular movements program and acquire a good habit.