Human Papillomavirus testing as triage for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and Low-grade squamous intraepithelial Lesions

송희원,정영주,김관식,오병찬,김종덕 대한산부인과학회 1999 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.84 No.-

Ginsenoside Rf inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 induction via peroxisome proliferatoreactivated receptor gamma in A549 cells

송희원,박준우,최근오,이정근,Jie Chen,박현주,유병일,Mitsuru Iida,류미라,이영주 고려인삼학회 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.2

Background: Ginsenoside Rf is a ginseng saponin found only in Panax ginseng that affects lipid metabolism. It also has neuroprotective and antiinflammatory properties. We previously showed that Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) inhibited the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by hypoxia via peroxisome proliferatoreactivated receptor gamma (PPARg). The aim of the current study was to evaluate the possibility of ginsenoside Rf as an active ingredient of KRG in the inhibition of hypoxia-induced COX-2 via PPARg. Methods: The effects of ginsenoside Rf on the upregulation of COX-2 by hypoxia and its antimigration effects were evaluated in A549 cells. Docking of ginsenoside Rf was performed with the PPARg structure using Surflex-Dock in Sybyl-X 2.1.1. Results: PPARg protein levels and peroxisome proliferator response element promoter activities were promoted by ginsenoside Rf. Inhibition of COX-2 expression by ginsenoside Rf was blocked by the PPARgspecific inhibitor, T0070907. The PPARg inhibitor also blocked the ability of ginsenoside Rf to suppress cell migration under hypoxia. The docking simulation results indicate that ginsenoside Rf binds to the active site of PPARg. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that ginsenoside Rf inhibits hypoxia induced-COX-2 expression and cellular migration, which are dependent on PPARg activation. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rf has an antiinflammatory effect under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, docking analysis of ginsenoside Rf into the active site of PPARg suggests that the compound binds to PPARg in a position similar to that of known agonists.

공간확률변경분석을 적용한 국내 외국인 전용 카지노의 효율성 분석

송희원,김상혁 한국이벤트컨벤션학회 2020 이벤트 컨벤션 연구 Vol.16 No.2

Purpose – Since the competition of the casino industry has been increased in Korea, the efficient casino operation is required for success in its business. In addition, the previous researches stated that there would be existed the spatial effect on efficient operation among the casinos in Korea. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the efficiency of casino companies in Korea by using the spatial effect. Design, data, and methodology –Spatial Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SSFA) was adopted to achieve the purpose of the study. The sample data were gathered from the “Annual casino statistics” from 2009 to 2018 provided by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism in Korea. The variables used in the study were the number of employees, the area of permission, the revenue per employee, and the number of visitors. ‘Frontier’ package of R programming was used for the analysis. Result – The empirical results showed that the spatial effects are existed to the casinos across the country and on Jeju Island. Specifically, the more distance among the casinos decreases, the more efficiency to the performance of casino in terms of both the number of visitors and the revenue per employee would be increased for a sample of the entire country, as well as only Jeju Island. However, only the number of visitors increases for the inland province as the distance among the casinos decreases. Conclusions –There’s a spatial effect on efficient operation among the casinos in Korea. In other word, the cluster effect would influence increase of an efficient performance of casino companies in Korea. Therefore, the distance would be considered with one of the key factors to success in the casino industry.

코로나19 팬데믹 시기의 국가정책이 국내 관광 소비지출에 미치는 영향

송희원,정광민,김상혁 한국이벤트컨벤션학회 2022 이벤트 컨벤션 연구 Vol.18 No.4

Purpose – The infectious disease generally provides a negative impact on the tourism industry. Most prior studies have been focused on examining the size of negative impact on the tourism industry due to the infectious disease. However the number of studies is insufficient that empirically investigate the effect of national policies on various tourism activities under infectious disease pandemic. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of regulatory policy(social distancing) and distributive policy(disaster relief payment) on domestic tourism expenditure under the Covid-19 pandemic. Research Design, data, and methodology – The research design for this study is folded into three parts. First, the VAR model was used to forecast the amount of tourism expenditure by assuming the policy was not implemented. Second, Counter-factual analysis was conducted to confirm the difference between the predicted value and the real value during the policy was implemented. Finally, MAPE was used to compare the effect of national policies. The data used for this study were daily time-series data from January 1, 2019, to August 31, 2020. Result – The empirical results showed that the regulatory policy m a negative effect on tourism expenditure while the distributive policy had a positive effect on tourism expenditure. And regulatory policy and distributive policy had differently influenced on each type of tourism expenditure. Conclusions – Both national policies in terms of regulatory and distribute policy were effectively conducted to achieve each objective of its policies.

고속철도가 공항성과에 미치는 영향: KTX를 중심으로

송희원,신채현,김상혁 한국이벤트컨벤션학회 2020 이벤트 컨벤션 연구 Vol.16 No.3

Purpose – Despite of the close relationship between high-speed railway and airplane, there is a lack of research on the impact of high-speed railways on the performance of regional airports. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the effect of high-speed railway on the airport performance in Korea. Design, data, and methodology – The data were gathered from the statistics from the Korea Airports Corporation and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport from 2013 to 2019. The variables used in the study were the total number of annual passenger and the total number of flight operation as dependent variables, as well as the total number of annual KTX passengers and the distance between the airport and the closest KTX station as independent variables. This study adopted both the random and the fixed effect models for the panel data. The statistical software ‘Stata’ was used for the empirical analysis. Result – The results showed that the number of KTX passengers had a positive effect on the airport’s passenger and flight operation performance. However, the distance between the KTX station and each airport had a negative effect on the airport’s passenger performance. Conclusions –The results revealed that the closer the distance between the high-speed railway station and the airport is, the higher the airport’s performance. In addition, the airport’s performance also would be increased by the increase of the number of high-speed railway passengers. In conclusion, there is existed the characteristics of the complementary relationship between the airport and the high-speed railway for current in Korea.

DEA를 이용한 국내 권역별 캠핑장 효율성 분석 : 캠핑장 크기와 운영방식을 중심으로

송희원,김상혁 한국이벤트컨벤션학회 2019 이벤트 컨벤션 연구 Vol.15 No.3

Purpose – The excessive increase of camp sites would cause overheated competitions among the camp sites in Korea, thereby evoking the inefficiencies of camp sites. The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency of the camp sites by region and to compare the differences of efficiency by the camp size and the type of operation to improve the efficiency of domestic camping industry. Design, data, and methodology –CCR model and BCC model of DEA was conducted to examine the efficiency of camp sites in Korea. The number of camping ground and the number of camp sites per employee were used as input variables and sales was used as a output variable. The sample data was gathered from the “2017 Survey on the Current State of Camping Industry in Korea”, and the free software B-Box was used for analysis. Result – Based on the empirical results from the efficiency analysis by region, Kangwon area had the highest efficiency, but Southeast area had the lowest efficiency. In addition, the efficiency of camp sites was different by the type of operation, showing the private, public, and consignment operation in sequence. At last, considering the size of the camp sites, large camp sites showed high efficiency, but medium sized camp sites were inefficient. Conclusions –Metropolitan area can improve the efficiency by reducing the number of sites per employee. And the public operation should expand the facility to earn additional profits and reduce the input variables.

비정상피종성 고환 생식세포종양의 위험 인자와 생존율에 대한 분석

송희원,정병하,홍성준,양승철,이진무 大韓泌尿器科學會 1999 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.40 No.4

고속철도 개통이 관광수요에 미치는 영향: KTX 강릉선을 중심으로

송희원,김상혁 한국이벤트컨벤션학회 2022 이벤트 컨벤션 연구 Vol.18 No.1

Purpose –In Korea, cars are a mostly used transportation for the tourism purposes rather than public transportations, such as bus, train, and so on. However, the number of users for the high-speed rail in Korea have been rapidly increased since KTX opened in 2004. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of opening high-speed rail on tourism demand and investigate the extent of high-speed rail’s opening effect on tourism demand by time line. Research Design, data, and methodology –The research design for this study is fold two parts. First, Reg-ARIMA was used to examine the causal relationship between the opening high-speed rail and the tourism demand in destination. Second, the size of effect due to the opening high-speed rail was identified by performing the counterfactual analysis, comparing the difference between the forcasted and real-measured number of tourists. The monthly time series data from January 2013 to December 2019 was used to conduct the empirical analysis. Result –The empirical results showed that the opening high-speed rail positively increased the tourism demand in destination with seasonal difference. Conclusions –The opening high-speed rail not only increases the tourism demand in the destination, but also disperses the demand for tourism during the off-season.

Inhibition of hypoxia-induced cyclooxygenase-2 by Korean Red Ginseng is dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

송희원,이영주 고려인삼학회 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.3

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a traditional herbal medicine made by steaming and drying fresh ginseng. It strengthens the endocrine and immune systems to ameliorate various inflammatory responses. The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 pathway has important implications for inflammation responses and tumorigenesis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) is a transcription factor that regulates not only adipogenesis and lipid homeostasis, but also angiogenesis and inflammatory responses. Methods: The effects of the KRG on inhibition of hypoxia-induced COX-2 via PPARg in A549 cells were determined by luciferase assay,Western blot, and/or quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The antimigration and invasive effects of KRG were evaluated on A549 cells using migration and matrigel invasion assays. Results and conclusion: We previously reported that hypoxia-induced COX-2 protein and mRNA levels were suppressed by KRG. This study examines the possibility of PPARg as a cellular target of KRG for the suppression of hypoxia-induced COX-2. PPARg protein levels and PPARg-responsive element (PPRE)- driven reporter activities were increased by KRG. Reduction of hypoxia-induced COX-2 by KRG was abolished by the PPARg inhibitor GW9662. In addition, the inhibition of PPARg abolished the effect of KRG on hypoxia-induced cell migration and invasion. Discussion: Our results show that KRG inhibition of hypoxia-induced COX-2 expression and cell invasion is dependent on PPARg activation, supporting the therapeutic potential for suppression of inflammation under hypoxia. Further studies are required to demonstrate whether KRG activates directly PPARg and to identify the constituents responsible for this activity.

공간자기상관이 컨벤션센터의 성과에 미치는 영향 - 공간패널 회귀모형을 적용하여 -

송희원,김상혁 한국호텔리조트학회 2020 호텔리조트연구 Vol.19 No.5

The purpose of this study is to identify the existence of spatial autoregressive among the convention centers in Korea and to examine more appropriate spatial panel models for the study. This study is conducted by the several spatial panel regression models such as SDM, SEM, SAR, and SEM to identify the existence of the spatial autoregressive among the convention centers. The sample data were collected through the financial statements provided by DART or the individual convention center's web site, from 2014 to 2019. The dependent variable used in the study is the revenue of convention centers and the independent variable is a spatial weighted matrix created by the distance between each convention center. Control variables are cost, current ratio, debt ratio. The XSMLE package of STATA program was used for the analysis. The empirical results show that the spatial dependence is existed between convention centers with the negative coefficient value. it implies that the convention centers in Korea are in a competitive relationship. In other words, the closer from other convention centers are, the more negative performance would be occurred. In addition, the cost, current ratio, and debt ratio had a positive impact on the revenue of convention center. Thus, the distance between convention centers can be considered as an important factor that could affect the performance of the convention center in Korea.