천연가스로부터 합성유 제조 기술, GTL(Gas To Liquids)

배지한,이원수,이흥연,김용헌,Bae, Ji-Han,Lee, Won-Su,Lee, Heoung-Yeoun,Kim, Yong-Heon 한국석유지질학회 2008 한국석유지질학회지 Vol.14 No.1

천연가스로부터 청정연료인 합성유를 제조하는 GTL기술은 1920년대 군수의 목적으로 독일의 Fisher와 Tropsch에 의해서 석탄으로부터 합성유를 제조하는 기술의 필요에 의해 처음으로 개발되었다. 이후, 1960년대 인종차별로 인한 정치적 고립으로 석유수급이 어려웠던 남아프리카공화국의 수송용 연료의 필요에 의해 Sasol사에서 본격적으로 FT(Fisher-Tropsch) 합성기술을 상용화하기 시작했다. 최근까지도 저렴한 석유자원으로 인해 GTL기술이 원유 정제기술로부터 얻어지는 석유제품에 비해 경제성을 확보하지 못하여 본격적인 상업화가 지연되어 왔으나, 에너지 자원의 수급 및 기타 경제적, 환경적 변화로 인해 GTL사업에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있으며 보유 석유자원이 한계에 다다라 상대적으로 풍부한 천연가스의 석유화를 목표로 하고 있는 카타르를 중심으로 GTL플랜트 건설이 추진되고 있다. 천연가스를 원료로 석유제품(디젤 및 나프타, 윤활기유 등)을 만드는 GTL기술은 크게 3가지 공정으로 구분되는데, 천연가스에서 수소와 일산화탄소를 제조하는 합성가스 제조공정(Synthesis Gas Generation), 합성가스를 FT합성반응에 의해 고분자 선형탄화수소로 전환시키는 FT합성공정(FT Synthesis)과 FT합성유로부터 석유제품을 만드는 개질공정(Product Upgrading)으로 구성된다. 생산된 제품은 유황 및 질소화합물 등을 적게 함유하고 있고, 정유플랜트 연료보다 방향족성분이 적어, 연소 시 인체에 해로운 물질을 적게 생산하는 청정연료이며, 천연가스를 저온 액화하는 LNG사업에 비하여 운송이 용이하고 안정성이 높다는 장점을 가지고 있다. The GTL(Gas to Liquids) technology, manufacturing synthesized oil from natural gas, had been developed about 1920 for the military purpose by Fischer and Tropsch, German scientists. And 1960, Sasol company had started commercializing the FT(Fischer-Tropsch) synthesis technology, for the transport fuel in South Africa. Until a recent date, the commercialization of GTL technology had been delayed by low oil price. But concern about depletion of petroleum resources, and development in synthesizing technology lead to spotlight on the GTL businesses. Especially, Qatar, which has rich natural gas fields, aims at utilizing natural gas like conventional oil resources. Therefore, around this nation, GTL plants construction has been promoted. There are mainly 3 processes to make GTL products(Diesel, Naphtha, lube oil, etc) from natural gas. The first is synthesis gas generation unit reforming hydrogen and carbomonoxide from natural gas. The second is FT synthesis unit converting synthesized gas to polymeric chain-hydrocarbon. The third is product upgrading unit making oil products from the FT synthesized oil. There are quite a little sulfur, nitrogen, and aromatic compounds in GTL products. GTL product has environmental premium in discharging less harmful particles than refinery oil products from crude to the human body. In short, the GTL is a clean technology, easier transportation mean, and has higher stability comparing to LNG works.

공대공 적외선 위협에 대한 회피기동이 항공기 생존성에 미치는 영향

배지열,배형모,김지혁,정대윤,조형희 한국전산구조공학회 2017 한국전산구조공학회논문집 Vol.30 No.6

적외선 유도 미사일은 미사일에서 자체적으로 방사하는 신호가 없어 항공기에서 접근을 인지하고 대응하기가 어렵다. 또한 적외선 유도 미사일을 탐지하는 MAW(missile approach warning)는 고가의 장비로 현재는 항공기에의 사용이 제한되고 있으며 그 효용성이 공개된바가 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 MAW가 탑재되어 항공기가 접근하는 유도 미사일에 대해 회피기동을 수행할 때 항공기의 생존성이 얼마나 증가하는지를 해석하여 MAW의 효용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 생존성의 평가지표로 위험 거리를 사용하였으며 고도 5km를 마하 0.9로 비행하는 항공기에 대해 AIM-9 적외선 유도 미사일이 접근하는 상황에 대한 위험 거리를 방위각 별로 도출하였다. 항공기의 회피기동에 대한 변수로는 5~7km의 MAW 인지거리와 3~7G의 항공기 기동성능을 고려하였다. 해석 결과 MAW를 통한 미사일 접근 인지와 회피기동 만으로도 위험 거리가 상당히 감소하는 것을 확인했다. 회피기동에 따른 위험 거리의 감소는 최대 29.4%로 나타났다. 또한 상대적으로 향상시키기 어려운 항공기 기동성능보다는 MAW 인지거리를 증가시키는 것이 위험 거리의 감소에 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. An infrared seeking missile does not emit any signal by itself as it is guided by passive heat signature from an aircraft. Therefore, it is difficult for the target aircraft to notice the existence of incoming missile, making it a serious threat. The usage of MAW(missile approach warning) that can notify the approaching infrared seeking missile is currently limited due to its high cost. Furthermore, effectiveness of MAW against infrared seeking missile is not available in open literature. Therefore, effect of evasive maneuver by MAW on the survivability of the aircraft is simulated to evaluate the benefit of the MAW in this research. The lethal range is used as a measure of aircraft survivability. An aircraft flying at an altitude of 5km with Mach 0.9 being tracked by air-launched AIM-9 infrared seeking missile is considered in this research. As a variable for the evasive maneuver, the MAW recognition distance of 5~7km and the G-force of 3~7G that limits maximum directional change of the aircraft are considered. Simulation results showed that the recognition of incoming missile by MAW and following evasive maneuver can reduce the lethal range considerably. Maximum reduction in lethal range is found to be 29.4%. Also, the MAW recognition distance have a greater importance than the aircraft maneuverability that is limited by structural limit of the aircraft.

Skin Condition Estimation Using Mobile Handheld Camera

배지상,전재호,이재영,김종옥 한국전자통신연구원 2016 ETRI Journal Vol.38 No.4

The fairly recent standard of equipping mobile devices with advanced imaging sensors has opened the possibility of conveniently diagnosing skin conditions, anywhere, anytime. For this application, we attempted to estimate skin conditions from a skin image taken by a mobile handheld camera. To estimate the skin conditions, we specifically identified three skin features (pigmentation, pores, and roughness) that can be measured quantitatively from a skin image. The experimental data indicate that the existing thresholding methods are inappropriate for extracting the pigmentation and pore skin features. Thus, we propose a new line-fitting based thresholding method for skin feature detection. We thoroughly evaluated our proposed skin condition estimation method using our skin image database. The experimental results show that our proposed thresholding method can better determine the threshold leading to the most visually plausible detection, when compared to existing methods. We also confirmed that skin conditions can be feasibly estimated using a common mobile handheld camera (for example, a smartphone).

수경재배 시스템에서 SO4처리에 따른 십자화과 3종의 생육 및 글루코시놀레이트 함량 변화

배지원(Jiwon Bae),안영휘(Younghwi Ahn),박종석(Jongseok Park) 한국원예학회 2022 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2022 No.11

실린더 병렬운동을 이용한 EHA시스템 설계

배지원(J. W. Bae),김학수(H. S. Kim),최지아(J. A. Choi),박주연(J. Y. Park),이일영(I. Y. Lee),장지성(J. S. Jang) 유공압건설기계학회 2019 유공압건설기계학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.6

카본/페놀계(C/P) 내열재의 내부 열반응상수 측정

배지열(Ji-Yeul Bae),박슬기(Sulki Park),김태환(Taehwan Kim),송지운(Jiwoon Song),함희철(Heecheol Ham),배주찬(Ju Chan Bae),조형희(Hyung Hee Cho) 한국추진공학회 2012 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.11

로켓 설계에서 내열 설계는 공력 설계와 더불어 매우 중요하다. 내열 설계에 있어 노즐 표면에 임무 시간동안 노즐형상을 유지할 수 있는 내열재를 추가하게 되는데 이때 내열재의 추가는 시스템 중량을 상승시켜 성능 하락을 유발할 수 있다. 따라서 내열재를 적절하게 설계해 노즐에 적용하는 것이 중요한데 이를 위해서 내열재의 정확한 물성을 아는 것이 매우 중요하다. 이때 가장 중요한 물성이 열분해율을 결정하는 열반응상수와 활성화에너지이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 탄소/페놀릭 내열재의 열반응상수를 측정하는 실험을 진행하였다. 아음속에서 소형 모터를 이용해 실험한 온도 분포로 열반응상수를 역으로 도출하였고 이는 선행 문헌의 결과와 유사하였다. In rocket design process, thermal design is one of the most important aspect. In order to protect nozzle, adequate amount of heat protection material is added to nozzle for required mission time. However adding heat protection material increase the system weight and reduce overall performance. Therefore optimization of heat protection material is important and it requires accurate properties of heat protection material. Among the properties of materials, kinetic constant and activation energy that govern decomposition process are the most important. Thus kinetic constant measurement is done with small test motor experiment in subsonic region.

‘자서전’(auto-bio-graphie) : 삶을 위한 삶 ― 글/쓰기(écriture) 계약

배지선 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2015 탈경계인문학 Vol.8 No.2

This article shows the conditions of the elaboration, and production, of writings. This work analyzes the relationship between the autos, the I, the self ―inseparable from the bios, life as an experience that the body goes through ―and the graphein, the act of writing, the written form, at once text and narrative. This article interrogates the “I” who knows the identification. Autobiography is an assembly of identities, which requires the readability of oneself. However, the relationship to the language as much as oneself is aporetic because the “I” is placed between the impossibility of owning oneself and language or of appropriating it all in forming some “I” in language and life. The autobiographical writing is considered as a relationship in translation between “I,” “I” and writing, not as a homogeneous narrative provided by the identity of the narrator and the author. It concerns the analysis of the otobiographies through which Derrida analyzes the relationship between the writing and the question of the proper name. This analysis is another approach to autobiographical writing. Autobiographical writing, an account of an individual’s story, reveals the writing of or/and for life.

Capacitive Gas Sensor for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Detection Based on the Conductive Textile Electrodes

배지인,최민영,구형준,소주희 한국고분자학회 2023 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.48 No.2

Development of Multi-Cell Flows in the Three-Layered Configuration of Oxide layer and Their Influence on the Reactor Vessel Heating

배지원,정범진 한국원자력학회 2019 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.51 No.4

We investigated the influence of the aspect ratio (H/R) of the oxide layer on the reactor vessel heating inthree-layer configuration. Based on the analogy between heat and mass transfers, we performed masstransfer experiments to achieve high Rayleigh numbers ranging from 6.70 1010 to 7.84 1012. Twodimensional(2-D) semi-circular apparatuses having the internal heat source were used whose surfacesof top, bottom and side simulate the interfaces of the oxide layer with the light metal layer, theheavy metal layer, and the reactor vessel, respectively. Multi-cell flow pattern was identified when the H/R was reduced to 0.47 or less, which promoted the downward heat transfer from the oxide layer andpossibly mitigated the focusing effect at the upper metallic layer. The top boundary condition greatlyaffected the natural convection of the oxide layer due to the presence of secondary flows underneath thecold light metal layer

분석 조건에 따른 p-MOSFET의 게이트에 유기된 드레인 누설전류의 열화

배지철,이용재 한국전기전자재료학회 1997 電氣電子材料學會誌 Vol.10 No.1

The gate induced drain leakage(GIDL) current under the stress of worse case in -MOSFET's with ultrathin gate oxides has been measured and characterized. The GIDL current was shown that P-MOSFET's of the thicker gate oxide is smaller than that of the thinner gate oxide. It was the results that the this cur-rent is decreased with the increamental stress time at the same devices.It is analyzed that the formation components of GIDL current are both energy band to band tunneling at high gate-drain voltage and energy band to defect tunneling at low drain-gate voltage. The degradations of GIDL current was analyzed the mechanism of major role in the hot carriers trapping in gate oxide by on-state stress.