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박형배,성형모,Park, Hyung-Bae,Sung, Hyung-Mo 한국정신신체의학회 2006 정신신체의학 Vol.14 No.1
뉴로피드백(neurofeedback)은 EEG biofeedback, neurotherapy 등의 이름으로 불리기도 하는 새로운 치료법으로, 뇌파를 이용하고 뇌(brain) 자체와 뇌 기능(brain function)을 대상으로 한다는 점에서는 일반적인 바이오피드백(biofeedback)과는 차이가 있다. 따라서 바이오피드백의 한 형태로 출발을 하였지만, 현재는 독자적이고 전문화된 방식의 새로운 치료법으로 자리 메김을 하고 있다. 뉴로피드백에 대한 이해를 도우기 위해 뉴로피드백의 역사와 이론적 배경을 우선 알아본 후, 실제 임상에서 어떻게 사용되고 있는 지를 알아보고자 한다. 뉴로피드백은 임상분야에서 간질(epilepsy)의 치료에 처음으로 도입된 이후 그 효과가 입증되었으며, 주의력결핍과잉행동장애(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD), 불안 및 우울장애, 수면장애, 물질의존 등의 많은 정신과 질환에 효과적으로 사용되고 있다. 정신과 질환이외에도 두통, 만성통증, 만성피로증후군 등 많은 다양한 영역에 걸쳐 적용되고 있다. 최근에는 질환들 뿐 만이 아니라, 스포츠와 예술 활동에서의 수행능력(peak performance)의 향상, 인지기능의 향상 등의 분야로 활용범위가 확대되고 있어 뉴로피드백의 효용성과 그 가능성에 대한 기대가 더욱 높아지고 있다. Neurofeedback, also known as EEG biofeedback or neurotherapy, is a new therapy differentiated from biofeedback in that brain waves are monitored to study brain itself as well as its functions. Needless to say, it has originated from biofeedback, however it has established itself as an independent and specialized therapy in the field of neurotherapy. In order to have a better understanding of neurofeedback we are going to have a look into its historical and theoretical background first and then we will explain how it can be used clinically. Neurofeedback was clinically introduced for epilepsy for the first time and its effect was proved. Since then it has been used successfully for a number of psychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), anxiety, anxiety and mood disorder, sleep disorder, substance dependency, etc. Furthermore, it has been used for non-psychiatric or psychosomatic symptoms, such as headache, chronic pains, chronic fatigue symptoms, etc. Recently, it has been also used for non-medical areas, such as improvement of peak performance for sports and art activities, enhancement of cognitive function, etc, making the neurofeedback a very promising field for its potential and effectiveness.
화담통락탕(化痰通絡湯)이 백서의 뇌혈류변화 및 허혈성 뇌손상에 미치는 영향
박형배,양승정,위통순,박혜선,전상윤,홍석,Park, Hyoung-Bae,Yang, Seung-Jung,Wei, Tung-Sheun,Park, Hye-Sun,Jeon, Sang-Yoon,Hong, Seok 대한한의학방제학회 2006 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.14 No.1
Objectives & Methods : This present study was performed to investigate the effect of Hwadamtongrak-Tang extract (HTT) on the regulation of cerebral hemodynamics in terms of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP)] in normal and cerebral ischemic rats. Also the effects of HTT on changes in local blood flow, inhibition of LD H activity in neuronal cells, and levels of cytokine production in the serum were determined in the ischemic rat model. The major findings are summarized below. Results : 1. HTT significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner, but MABP was not changed by HTT treatment. These results suggest that HTT may increase rCBF by dilating cerebral arterial diameter. 2. HTT-induced increase in rCBF was blocked by pretreatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (IDN, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) and MABP was significantly increased by ID N. 3. Pretreatment of methylene blue $(MTB,\;10\;{\mu}g/kg,\;i.p.)$, an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, significantly decreased both rCBP and MABP in HTT-treated rats. 4. HTT treatment significantly increased rCBP to a stable level during the period of cerebral reperfusion. 5. HTT significantly inhibited LD H activity in neuronal cells, suggesting a neuroprotection by HTT. 6. Serum interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$ and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ levels were significantly decreased in the femoral artery 1 hr after middle cerebral arterial occlusion in HTT-treated rats. IL-10 levels in the serum were significantly increased by HTT treatment whereas transforming growth factor $(TGF)-{\beta}$ levels were similar between HTT-treated and control groups. 7. Serum interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$ and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ levels were significantly decreased in the femoral artery 1 hr after reperfusion in HTT-treated rats. Serum IL-10 levels were significantly decreased in HTT-treated rats compared with the control group, and no significant changes in $(TGF)-{\beta}$ in the serum were observed by HTT treatment. Conclusions: The present data suggest that HTT may have an anti-ischemic effect via the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics and thus protect the brain from ischemic damage.
박형배 한국통신학회 2020 정보와 통신 Vol.37 No.11
최근 각종 일상적인 사물에 네트워크 기능을 추가하여 인터넷에 연결시키는 기술인 사물인터넷 (Inter of Things, IoT)이 여러분야에 걸쳐 빠른 속도로 확산되고 있다. 여러 일상적인 사물들이 인터넷에 연결되면서 기존에는 그냥 지나쳐왔던 많은 데이터들을 수집하고 분석할 수 있게 되었고, 이러한 방대한 데이터를 기반으로 새로운 가치를 추구할 수 있는 기회를 제공하게 되었다. 이와 더불어 일상적인 사물들의 인터넷 연결성은 원격으로 많은 사물들을 제어할 수 있는 편의성 또한 함께 가지고 왔다. 우리의 일상생활의 많은 부분이 그리고 일상적인 사물들이 인터넷으로 연결되어 가고 있는 이 시점에서 사이버 보안에 대한 소비자의 인식도 차츰 높아져가고 있지만, 아직은 많은 소비자들이 사물인터넷의 보안에 대한 우려보다는 사물인터넷의 편의성과 효율성에 목적을 두고 많은 장치들을 구매하고 또한 사용하고 있다. 본고에서는 이러한 연결성의 편의성과 보안을 제공하기 위해 현재 스마트 홈에서 대표적으로 사용되고 있는 무선 프로토콜의 종류를 알아보고 각각의 프로토콜에서 사용되고 있는 보안에 대해서 살펴본다.
박형배,이지은,오유미,이상진,엄현석,최경호 생화학분자생물학회 2017 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.49 No.-
Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has served as an effective prevention/ treatment modality against the relapse of some hematologic tumors, such as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, the therapeutic efficacies of DLI for other types of leukemia, including acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), have been limited thus far. Therefore, we examined whether increasing the reactivity of donor T cells by gene modification could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of DLI in a murine model of ALL. When a CTLA4-CD28 chimera gene (CTC28) in which the intracellular signaling domain of CTLA4 was replaced with the CD28 signaling domain was introduced into CD4 and CD8 T cells in DLI, the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect was significantly increased. This effect was correlated with an increased expansion of donor CD8 T cells in vivo, and the depletion of CD8 T cells abolished this effect. The CD8 T cell expansion and the enhanced GVT effect were dependent on the transduction of both CD4 and CD8 T cells with CTC28, which emphasizes the role of dual modification in this therapeutic effect. The CTC28-transduced T cells that expanded in vivo also exhibited enhanced functionality. Although the potentiation of the GVT effect mediated by the CTC28 gene modification of T cells was accompanied by an increase of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the GVHD was not lethal and was mitigated by treatment with IL-10 gene-modified third-party mesenchymal stem cells. Thus, the combined genetic modification of CD4 and CD8 donor T cells with CTC28 could be a promising strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of DLI.
주의력결핍 과잉행동장애 환자의 약물치료에 따른 지적효율성의 변화
박형배,배대석,하정상,서완석,송창진 영남대학교 기초/임상의학연구소 2001 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.18 No.2
The causes of ADHD(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) are various, so it is impossible to understand the whole characteristics of ADHD, only with simple intelligence testing scales. We compared cognitive characteristics of ADHD group with normal controls, with Korean Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children(K-ABC). It is well known to evaluate neuropsychological and cognitive aspects of the children. Materials and Methods: Age and sex matched 40 ADHD patients and 40 normal controls tested with the K-ABC. Each subscales compared between pre-treatment patients and controls, pre-treatment and post-treatment in patient group, post-treatment patients and controls. Results: Significant differences are observed in sequential processing, simultaneous processing, cognitive processing and achievement between pretreatment patients and controls, and in gestalt closure between pre-treatment and post-treatment patients group. But there are no significant differences between pretreatment patients and controls in gestalt closure and reading/decoding. Conclusion: Methylphenidate improved the scores of simultaneous scale, which means improvement of executive functions such as divided attention, analysis and organization. Methylphenidate also reduced distractibility.