Solid Dispersion as a Strategy to Improve Drug Bioavailability

박준형,전명관,조훈,최후균,Park, Jun-Hyung,Chun, Myung-Kwan,Cho, Hoon,Choi, Hoo-Kyun The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2011 KSBB Journal Vol.15 No.6

Solid dispersion is one of well-established pharmaceutical techniques to improve the dissolution and consequent bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. It is defined as a dispersion of drug in an inert carrier matrix. Solid dispersions can be classified into three generations according to the carrier used in the system. First and second generations consist of crystalline and amorphous substances, respectively. Third generation carriers are surfactant, mixture of polymer and surfactants, and mixture of polymers. Solid dispersions can be generallyprepared by melting method and solvent method. While melting method requires high temperature to melt carrier and dissolve drug, solvent method utilizes solvent to dissolve the components. The improvement in dissolution through solid dispersions is attributed to reduction in drug particle size, improvement in wettability, and/or formation of amorphous state. The primary characteristics of solid dispersions, the presenceof drug in amorphous state, could be determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In spite of the significant improvement in dissolution by solid dispersion technique, some drawbacks have limited the commercial application of solid dispersions. Thus, further studies should be conducted in a direction to improve the congeniality to commercialization.

자동합성장치를 이용한 [$^{18}F$]Fallypride의 합성

박준형,문병석,이홍진,이효준,이인원,이병철,김상은,Park, Jun-Hyung,Moon, Byung-Seok,Lee, Hong-Jin,Lee, Hyo-Jun,Lee, In-Won,Lee, Byung-Chul,Kim, Sang-Eun 대한핵의학기술학회 2010 핵의학 기술 Vol.14 No.2

$[^{18}F]$Fallypride는 뇌의 도파민(dopamine) $D_2/D_3$ 수용체 (receptor)에 특이적으로 결합하는 길항제(antagonist)로 대뇌피질의 도파민 기능을 규명하기 위하여 많이 사용되어지는 방사성의약품이다. 그동안 발표되어진 자동 합성화 장치를 이용한 [$^{18}F$]Fallypride 합성은 20~30%의 낮은 합성 수율과 33~63 GBq/mmol의 낮은 비방사능이 보고되어졌고, 또, 상대적으로 긴 표지시간과 높은 농도의 base를 사용하기 때문에 다양한 부산물이 생성되어 정제의 어려움이 있어 임상에 사용되기에 한계가 많았었다. 본 연구에서는 다목적 F-18 합성장치인 GE TracerLab $FX_{FN}$ 모듈을 사용하여 base 농도를 최소화할 수 있는 연구를 수행하였고, [$^{18}F$]fallypride 합성에 적용하여 높은 합성수율과 비방사능(specific activity) 및 방사화학적 순도(radiochemical purity)를 합성하는 최적의 조건을 찾을 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 $66{\pm}1.4%$ (decay-corrected, n=28)의 높은 합성수율과 HPLC 분리, SPE 정제시간을 포함하여 총 $51{\pm}1.2$분에 빠르게 합성할 수 있었다. 합성 후, 품질관리 테스를 해 본 결과, 방사 화학적 순도는 95%이상, 비방사능은 166~470 $GBq/{\mu}mol$이었다. 본 연구에서 사용된 합성법은 [$^{18}F$]Fallypride를 이용한 dopamine $D_2/D_3$ 연구의 임상적 사용에 도움이 될 것이며, 낮은 농도의 base를 사용한 이 F-18 추출방법은 base에 민감한 전구체의 자동합성 생산에 유용할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: $[^{18}F]$Fallypride plays an effective radiotracer for the study of dopamine $D_2/D_3$ receptor occupancy, neuropsychiatric disorders and aging in humans. This tracer has the potential for clinical use, but automated labeling efficiency showed low radiochemical yields about 5~20% with relatively long labelling time of fluorine-18. In present study, we describe an improved automatic synthesis of [$^{18}F$]Fallypride using different base concentration for routine clinical use. Materials and Methods: Fully automated synthetic process of [$^{18}F$]Fallypride was perform using the TracerLab $FX_{FN}$ synthesizer under various labeling conditions and tosyl-fallypride was used as a precursor. [$^{18}F$]Fluoride was extracted with various concentration of $K_{2.2.2.}/K_2CO_3$ from $^{18}O$-enriched water trapped on the ion exchange cartridge. After azeotropic drying, the labeling reaction proceeded in $CH_3CN$ at $100^{\circ}C$ for 10 or 30 min. The reaction mixture was purified by reverse phase HPLC and collected organic solution was exchanged by tc-18 Sep-Pak for the clinically available solution. Results: The optimal labeling condition of [$^{18}F$]Fallypride in the automatic production was that 2 mg of tosyl-fallypride in acetonitrile (1 mL) was incubated at $100^{\circ}C$ for 10 min with $K_{2.2.2.}/K_2CO_3$ (11/0.8 mg). [$^{18}F$]Fallypride was obtained with high radiochemical yield about $66{\pm}1.4%$ (decay-corrected, n=28) within $51{\pm}1.2$ min including HPLC purification and solid-phase purification for the final formulation. Conclusion: [$^{18}F$]Fallypride was prepared with a significantly improved radiochemical yield with high specific activity and shorten synthetic time. In addition, this automated procedure provides the high reproducibility with no synthesis failures (n=28).

폐쇄성 수면 무호흡 환자에서 임시 하악 전방 이동 장치를 이용한 치료결과 분석

박준형,오수석,홍종락,김창수,팽준영,Park, Joon-Hyung,Oh, Suseok,Hong, Jongrak,Kim, Chang-Soo,Paeng, Jun-Young 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2012 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.34 No.6

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temporary mandibular advancement devices (MAD) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients Methods: 28 patients (male 21, female 7) undergoing temporary mandibular advancement device treatment for OSA were selected from 2011.01. to 2012.02. in the department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery at SamsungMedicalCenter. Treatment efficacy was determined by polysomnography (PSG) at baseline & after MAD delivery. The response group was defined as >50% Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) reduction plus post-MAD AHI <10, and the non-response group was defined as <50% AHI reduction. The lateral cephalogram was analysed including SNA, SNB, UL, MPH, PAS, PASU, and PAST using V-ceph$^{TM}$ (Cybermed, USA). Results: The responsers were 23 patients, and non-responsers were 5 patients. The AHI was significantly reduced with temporary MAD ($8.08{\pm}7.93$) compared with baseline ($28.51{\pm}20.56$) in the response group (n=23). No significant difference was observed between pre MAD and post MAD except SNB on cephalometric analysis. Among 11 patients successfully treated with the temporary device, 9 patients said that using permanent device brings better effect too. Conclusion: These results indicate that the Temporary MAD could not be the only effective tools on OSA but also be used to predict patient's reactivity about permanent appliance treatment. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the relations between temporary MAD and permanent MAD.

국산 $^{18}F$-FDG Auto Sysnthesizer의 수율 향상과 성능 개선

박준형,임기섭,이홍진,정경일,이병철,이인원,Park, Jun-Hyung,Im, Ki-Seop,Lee, Hong-Jin,Jeong, Kyung-Il,Lee, Byung-Chul,Lee, In-Won 대한핵의학기술학회 2009 핵의학 기술 Vol.13 No.3

Purpose: 2-[$^{18}F$]Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([$^{18}F$]FDG) particularly plays as a important role in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging in nuclear medicine. Domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizers are installed in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH) at June 2008, these modules were known that it's synthetic yields were guaranteed in average $45{\pm}5%$ so far. To improve yields and convenience of domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer, numerous trials in reaction time, base concentration, pressure and temperature were performed to increase [$^{18}F$]FDG yields. Materials and Methods: Several synthetic factors (temperature, time and pressure) and shortcoming were corrected based on many evaporation test. Syringe dispensing of tetra-butylammonium bicarbonate (TBAB) was replaced with micro pipette to prepare tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride salt ([$^{18}F$]TBAF). Troublesome refill of liquid nitrogen every 2 hours which was used to protect vacuum system was changed to charcoal cartridge, base guard filter. To monitor the volume of delivered $[^{18}O]OH_2$ from cyclotron by surveillance camera, we set up the volumetric vial on the cover of the module. In addition to, the recovery vial was added in [$^{18}F$]FDG production system to recover [$^{18}F$]FDG loss due to the leak of valve ($V_{13,14}$) in [$^{18}F$]FDG purification process. Results: When we used micro pipette for adding TBAB ($30\;{\mu}L$ in 12% $H_2O$ in acetonitrile), this quantitative dispensation has enabled to improve $5.5{\pm}1.7%$ residual fluorine-18 activity in fluorine separation cartridge compared to syringe adding. Besides, the synthetic yields of [$^{18}F$]FDG has increased $58{\pm}2.6%$ (n=19), $58{\pm}2.9%$ (n=14), $60%{\pm}2.5%$ (n=17) for 3 months. The life cycle of charcoal cartridge and base vacuum was 3 months prior to filling liquid nitrogen every 2 hours and additional side separator can prevent pump corrosion by organic solvent. After setting of volumetric indicator vial, the operator can easily monitor the total volume of irradiated $[^{18}O]OH_2$ from cyclotron. The recovery vial can be used for the stabilizer when an irregular [$^{18}F$]FDG loss was generated by the leak of valves ($V_{13,14}$). Conclusions: We has optimized appropriate synthetic conditions (temperature, time, pressure) in domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer. In addition to, the remodeling with several accessories improve yields of domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer with reliable reproducibility.

미술관의 사회적 역할 변화에 따라 나타나는 건축적 특성 분석

박준형(Park, Jun Hyung),김용승(Kim, Yong Seung) 대한건축학회 2017 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.37 No.2

오존접촉산화 공정과 Peroxone AOP 공정을 이용한 염색폐수방류수 고도산화 처리특성 연구

박준형(Jun Hyung Park),신동훈(Dong Hoon Shin),류승한(Seong Han Ryu),조석진(Seog-Jin Jo),이상헌(Sang Hun Lee) 한국염색가공학회 2011 韓國染色加工學會誌 Vol.23 No.4

“잡거”의 역사, 한국화교와 이웃하기

박준형 ( Jun Hyung Park ) 연세대학교 국학연구원 2013 동방학지 Vol.161 No.-

이 글은 우리의 망각된 ‘잡거’ 역사의 복원을 목표로 한다. 외국인과의‘잡거’ 경험이 쉽게 망각될 수 있던 것은 그 경험을 단지 열강의 침략에 의한 결과로 간주해 왔기 때문일 것이다. 그 점에서 청일전쟁에서의 패배 이래 침략자의 지위를 상실하고도 현재에 이르기까지 한반도에서 함께 거주하고 있는 한국화교는 ‘잡거’의 경험을 침략의 결과와 등치시킬 수 없게 하는 존재로서 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 바꾸어 말하면 우리는 한국화교를 통해서야 진정한 ‘잡거’의 역사와 대면할 수 있는 것이다. 동시에 ‘잡거’가 이루어지는 공간 자체의 장기적이고 초국가적인 역사성에 주목할 필요가 있다. 19세기동아시아는 세계질서의 변용을 겪고 있었는데, 그것은 공간의 구획 및 법질서의 재편을 동반하였다. 한반도 ‘잡거’공간을 규정하였던 경계들의 변천, 즉 개항기의 ‘조계’와 ‘내지’ 사이의 경계로부터 식민지기의 ‘내지’와 ‘외지’ 사이의 경계를 거쳐 해방 후 국민국가들간의 경계에 이르는 과정에 대한 고찰은 각 시기별 ‘잡거’ 공간의 성격을 묻는 작업이기도 하다. 이와 같은 작업을 통해 지금까지 ‘잡거’해 온 이웃의 진상을 밝히고, 또 그로부터 적이 아닌 이웃으로서 상호 대면할 수 있는 실마리를 발견하게 될 것이다. The purpose of this thesis is to restore our history of mixed residency which was forgotten. The experience of mixed residency with foreigners are easily dismissed, because usually it was considered as a consequence for the World Powers invasion .For that matter overseas chinese in Korea are very significant; even though they were no longer the ``invader`` since the defeat of Sino-Japanese War(of1894-5), the overseas chinese residency remains in the Korean Peninsula. That is to say we can face the genuine history of ``mixed residency`` through the overseas chinese in Korea. And we should also give attention to the historicity of the prolonged and supranational space of mixed residency. East Asia was going through a transformation of world order in the 19th century, and that accompanied a shakeout of space division, law and order. The boundaries of mixed residency in Korea has changed over since the opening port era through the Japanese colonial era, until after liberation .Historical consideration about the mutational process of mixed residency`s boundary will tell us the character of mixed residency per period. And we will get to know the reality of our ``neighbor``, which will lead us to a friendly encounter.

근골격 운동 분석용 콘텐츠 개발을 위한 자세인식방법에 대한 연구

박준형(Jun-Hyung Park),박윤수(Yun-Su Park),허기택(Gi-Taek Hur) 한국콘텐츠학회 2021 한국콘텐츠학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.8

히스토그램 기반 영상 처리를 위한 압축영역에서의 고속 히스토그램 추출 기법

박준형(Jun-Hyung Park),엄민영(Minyoung Eom),최윤식(Yoonsik Choe) 대한전기학회 2006 정보 및 제어 심포지엄 논문집 Vol.2006 No.1

Due to development of Internet network environments and data compression techniques, the size and amount of multimedia data has greatly increased. They are compressed before transmission or storage. Dealing with these compressed data such as video retrieval or indexing requires the decoding procedure most of the time. In video retrieval and indexing a color histogram is one of the most frequently used tools. We propose a novel scheme for extracting color histograms from images transformed into the compressed domain using 8×8 DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform). In this scheme an averaged version of original image is obtained by filtering DCT coefficients with a filter we designed.

근대이행기 서울의 도시경관 변화와 주인의식 -‘거리(街)’의 표상 변화를 중심으로-

박준형(Park, Jun-Hyung) 서울시립대학교 서울학연구소 2021 서울학연구 Vol.- No.84

이 논문은 근대이행기 서울의 ‘거리(街)’에 어떠한 표상들이 부여되었고, 그것이 사회적으로 어떤 변화를 야기했으며, 최종적으로는 그 ‘거리’를 누릴 수 있는 자격이 누구에게 있었는가를 밝히고자 했다. 청일전쟁에서 일본이 승리함에 따라 청의 간섭으로부터 벗어난 조선에서는 ‘자주독립’ 논의가 활발하게 이루어졌다. 그러한 논의를 선도한 『독립신문』은 완전한 ‘자주독립’ 실현을 위한 주체로서 ‘전국인민’을 제시했다. ‘전국인민’은 신분의 차이를 뛰어넘은 근대적 ‘국민’을 창출하기 위한 용어였다. 일찍이 왕실 의례를 위해 사용되거나 양반 및 관헌들에게 우선권이 부여되었던 ‘거리’는 이제 상하귀천의 구분이 사라진 공간으로 재규정되었다. ‘전국인민’이야말로 ‘거리’의 주인으로 간주되었으며, 그들은 1898년에 왕권에 맞선 거리 투쟁을 통해 그것을 스스로 증명하고자 했다. ‘전국인민’의 정치투쟁이 진압된 1899년, ‘거리’에는 이제 전차가 다니기 시작했다. 당시 ‘문명의 전도사’로 불린 전차는 완전한 ‘자주독립’이 실현된 증거들 중 하나로 손꼽혔다. 그러나 민중들은 그것을 ‘서양 마귀의 발명품’으로 받아들였다. 더구나 전차 개통이 최종적으로 가능했던 것은 황후에 대한 능행의 편의를 위한 것이었다. ‘자주독립국’ 위상에 맞게 재창출된 ‘전통적’ 의례는 더 이상 서양 문명과도 대립하지 않았다. 그러나 완전한 ‘자주독립’을 꿈꾸었던 제국은 일본에 의해 식민지가 되었다. 그럼에도 전차가 사람들의 일상에서 차지하는 비중은 더욱 커졌고 그와 함께 ‘거리’의 주인이 되어 갔다. 미완으로 끝났던 ‘전국인민’의 정치투쟁은 1919년 3.1운동을 통해 재현되었다. 민중이 다시금 ‘거리’를 메웠던 3.1운동은 1890년대 후반 ‘자주독립’ 시대의 정치 문화를 계승한 것이 분명했다. 그러나 일본인들에게 있어서 그것은 우발적인 사건에 지나지 않았다. 그들은 서울(경성)에 거주하고 있었지만 조선인들의 분노를 이해하지 못할 정도로 고립되어 있었으며 그 점에서 ‘서울시민’이라고 말하기 어려웠다. 일찍이 『독립신문』은 ‘서울시민’에 대한 면세 혜택을 비판하면서 서울에서의 문화적 혜택은 세금을 낸 자들이 누려야 한다고 주장했다. 식민권력은 모두에게 세금을 거두어 그러한 차별을 제거했다. 그러나 세금을 집행함에 있어서는 민족차별을 드러낸 까닭에, 식민지기 조선인은 서울에 거주하면서도 그 주인일 수는 없었다. This study aims to investigate what kind of representations were given to the “street” of Seoul during the period of transition to the modern era, the kind of social change resulting from it, and the ultimate beneficiaries. Japan’s victory in the Sino-Japanese War led to an active discussion of “autonomic independence” in Joseon, which became free from Qing’s interference. The “Dokribsinmun”(the first Korean private newspaper), initiated such discussions on the subject, “the people of the whole nation”, in order to generate a sense of realization of complete “autonomic independence.” “The people of the whole nation” was a term used to refer to modern people that transcended differences in status. The “street,” which was once used for royal ceremonies or which was given on priority to nobles and officials, had now been redefined as a space without any distinction between upper and lower streams. “The people of the whole nation” were now considered the owners of the “streets,” and they tried to prove it in the street struggle against the royal authority in 1898. In 1899, when the political struggle of “the people of the whole nation” was suppressed, trams began to run on the “street.” The tram, which was referred to as the “evangelist of civilization” at that particular time, was symbolic of the realization of complete “autonomic independence.” However, the people perceived it as an “invention of the Western devil.” Moreover, it was for the convenience of the empress visiting the tomb for which trams were finally started. The “traditional” rituals which were recreated were in consonance with the status of “independent state” and were no longer in conflict with the Western civilization. However, the empire that dreamed of complete “autonomic independence” was colonized by Japan. Nevertheless, the importance of the tram in the daily lives of the people increased and the tram became the owner of the “street”. The political struggle of “the people of the whole nation,” which did not end completely, made a come-back with the March 1st Independence Movement in 1919. It was clear that this movement, in which the people once again filled the streets, inherited the political culture of the era of “autonomic independence” in the late 1890s. But for the Japanese, it was just an accident. Although they were living in Seoul(Gyeongseong), they were so isolated and they were unable to understand the wrath of the Koreans; thus, it became difficult for them to be considered as “Seoul citizens.” Earlier, Dokribsinmun had criticized the tax-free benefits for “Seoul citizens,” arguing that the cultural benefits of Seoul should be enjoyed by all those who paid taxes. The colonial rule overcame such discrimination by taxing everyone. However, due to racial discrimination in the levying of taxes, colonized Koreans could not be owners while living in Seoul.