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주거용 건물에 적용된 지하수 이용 지열 히트펌프 시스템의 냉방성능에 관한 연구
박정환(Park Jeung-Hwan),김주영(Kim Ju-Young),홍원화(Hong Won-Hwa),안창환(Ahn Chang-Hwan) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.24 No.3
Due to sudden rise in recent oil price and decrease in petroleum stock, Korea, which relies on import for more than 97% of natural resources, is forecasted to face period of highest oil price yet. Also, application of Kyoto Protocol presents the need for a new energy source that is more environmentally safe, which calls for new source of energy supply. As a self-sufficiency energy plan, a ground heat system has been gaining wide popularity in both US and Europe due to high efficiency and low maintenance cost. As such, from the mid and late part of 20th century, due to above factors, there has been increasing installation of the system with active support from the governments. After the system was first introduced in Korea in 2000, owing to the enactment of alternative energy plan, there has been steady increase in its supply, but technology and research activities still remains in infant stage compared to other foreign countries. Accordingly, this study by basing on the empirical study seeks to confirm the market feasibility of ground heat pump system for residence house and presents data for the commercialization of ground heat pump system.
입원중(入院中)인 정신분열병(精神分裂病) 환자(患者)에서 지연성(遲延性) 운동장애(運動障碍)의 유병솔(有病率)
이정구,박정환,이태환,김영훈,Rhee, Chung Goo,Park, Jeung Hwan,Lee, Tae Hwan,Kim, Young Hoon 대한생물정신의학회 2003 생물정신의학 Vol.10 No.1
Object : This cross-sectional study was performed in order to evaluate the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia among the hospitalized schizophrenic patients. Methods : Four hundred nineteen hospitalized schizophrenic patients(male=263, female=156) were recruited for this study. They were treated with antipsychotics for more than 3 months. The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia was assessed by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. Results : The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia was 35.6%(Male=36.9%, Female 33.3%). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia among male and female schizophrenic patients. The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia among the patients over 30years old was much higher than those below 30years old. There were no significant correlations between the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia and the duration of hospitalization, the total amount of antipsychotics. The frequently involved parts of the body in the schizophrenic patients who have tardive dyskinesia were tongue, upper extremity, lips and perioral area, jaw, lower extremity, muscles of facial expression trunk, respectively. Conclusions : There was significant correlation between the age and the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in the antipsychotic-treated schizophrenic patients. There were no correlations between the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia and gender difference, the duration of hospitalization, the total amount of antipsychotics.
서영수,김용관,신동환,공보금,이정구,박정환,윤성환,정치영,이상경,김영훈 대한생물치료정신의학회 2001 생물치료정신의학 Vol.7 No.2
Objectives : This open prospective study was performed in order to evaluate the efficacy and extrapyramidal adverse effects of nemonapride in the schizophrenic patients, and was compared wit one of typical antipshchotics. haloperidol and one of atypical antipsychotics, risperidone. Methods : Thirty male and female schizophrenic patients(DSM-Ⅳ) were treated for 12 weeks with haloperidol(n=10), risperidone(n=10) and nemonapride(n=10). The overall efficacy was assessed at baseline, 1st week, 2nd week, 4th week, 8th week, and 12th week by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia(PANSS). Also the overall safety was assessed in the same time period by the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale(ESRS). Results : There were no significant differences in PANSS scores(total, positive, negative, and general psychopathology subscale) among haloperidol, risperidone, and nemonapride groups, Treatment responders, defined as at least 20% reduction of baseline total PANSS score, were achieved by 8 patients(80%) in haloperidol group, 10 patients(100%) in risperidone group, and 8 patients(80%) in nemonapride group. And there were no significant differences in ESRS total scores among haloperidol, risperidone, and nemonapride group. Inter-group comparison among haloperidol, risperidone and nemonapride group, as assessed by the ESRS, revealed no significant differences in the shifts to the maximum score, 9.4(±9.4), 6.2(±8.4), and 11.3(±8.1) respectively, and also revealed no significant differences in the mean time reaching the maximum score, 4.5(±4.5) week, 7.8(±4.8) week, and 4.6(±4.4) week, respectivily. Conclusion : There wee no significant differences in the efficacy and extrapyramidal adverse effects among haloperidal, rispecridone and nemonapride groups. These results suggest that nemonapride was as efficacious and safe in he treatment of schizophrenia, as well known and widely used antipsychotics, haloperidol and risperidone.