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김창덕,현진해,김광희 대한소화기내시경학회 1993 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.13 No.1
To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of ERCP in pancreatobiliary disease, the authors analysed the 1,244 cases of ERCP. The success rate of ERCP was 91.5%. The diagnostic accuracy of ERCP was 93.6% and complications occurred in 2.1%. Complications included pancreatitis,cholangitis and drug reactions. Among the biliary tract disease diagnosed, by ERCP, biliary tract stone was the most common finding. Compared with operative diagnosis of biliary tract stones,the sensitivity of ERCP diagnosis was 92.7% while that of sonographic diagnosis was 81.4%. The specificity of ERCP diagnosis was 94.4% while that of sonagraphic diagnosis was 80.9%. ln the diagnosis of common bile duct stones, ERCP was more accurrate than sonographic diagnosis. The results show that ERCP was a safe and effective diagnostic tool in the assessment of pancreatobiliary tract disease.
김창덕,박혜신,이민재,유정호,Kim, Chang-Duk,Park, Hye-Sin,Lee, Mun-Jae,Yu, Jeong-Ho 한국건설관리학회 2006 건설관리 : 한국건설관리학회 학회지 Vol.7 No.5
2005년부터 장부는 국민경제 선순환과 국민 삶의 질 향상이라는 목표 하에, 높은 수준의 공공서비스를 조기 또는 적기에 제공하기 위한 방책의 일환으로 BTL 사업의 시행을 추진하고 있다. 그러나 시행 초기부터 낮은 사업수익률, 사업제안 비용의 부담, 제도적 구조적 사업 진입 장벽으로 인한 지방 중소규모 건설업체의 불만 등 많은 문제점을 나타내고 있어 성공적인 BTL 사업에 걸림돌이 되고 있다. 이에 정부는 지방 중소업체의 참여율을 시공 비율 규정으로 정하고 사업성이 떨어지는 적정 이하 규모 공사를 BTL사업에서 제외하는 등의 대책을 세웠으나 근본적이 해결책으로서는 미흡한 것으로 조사되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 BTL 사업 추진 중 개선되어야 할 사항들에 대해서 문헌조사 및 전문가와의 심층 면담조사 등을 통해 조사 및 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과 가장 근본적인 개선사항으로 BTL 사업 수행 주체의 구성 방식이 시공자 중심으로 되어있는 DBFO(Design, Build, Finance, and Operate) 방식에 있음을 확인하고, 이러한 사업 수행 주체의 구성 방식을 재무적 투자자가 건설사업 관리자의 전문지식을 최대한 활용할 수 있도록 하는 FCDO(Finance, Construction Management, Development and Operate) 방식으로의 전환을 개선방안으로 제시한다. Since 2005, the government began to introduce and promote a new project delivery system, BTL(Build, Transfer, and Lease), in order to provide high level of public services for the upgraded quality of life and to boost the domestic and local construction economy. However, the lack of experiences in the new system by the constituents from diverse economic sectors brought a number of drawbacks from each constituent's perspective such as improperly low earning rate, excessive expenses for preparation of the project proposal, imbalanced regulations, heavy cost and procedures to establish SPC, the ineffective structure of the consortium, the short-term oriented evaluation criteria for the selection and so forth. These drawbacks turned out to be obstacles for the successful BTL projects. Hence, this paper analyzes the above issues and conducts the interviews with the professionals from the diverse sectors in order to propose the changes to resolve those for the improvement and finally to deliver the successful BTL projects for the diverse public owners.
응축기의 설계조건에서 R22, R407C, R410A의압력강하 예측 및 실험
김창덕,박일환,이진호 대한설비공학회 2004 설비공학 논문집 Vol.16 No.1
An experimental study on the refrigerant-side pressure drop of slit fin-tube heat exchanger has been carried out. A comparison was made between the predictions of previously proposed empirical correlations and experimental data for the pressure drop on design conditions of condenser in micro-fin tube for R22 and its alternatives, R407C (R32/125/134a, 23/25/52 wt.%) and R410A (R32/125, 50/50 wt.%). Experiments were carried out under the conditions of inlet refrigerant temperature of 60℃ and mass fluxes varying from 150 to 250 kg/m2s for R22, R407C and R410A. The inlet air conditions are dry bulb temperature of 35℃, relative humidity of 40% and air velocity varying from 0.68 to 1.43 m/s. Experiments show that pressure drop for R410A and R407C were 17.8∼20.2% and 5∼6.8% lower than those of R22 respectively for the degree of subcooling of 5℃. For the mass fluxes of 200∼250 kg/m2s, the deviation between the experimental and predicted values for the pressure drop was less than ±20% for R22, R407C and R410A.
김창덕,류호상,전훈재,현진해,김한겸 대한소화기내시경학회 1996 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.16 No.2
Objectives: Endoscopic variceal ligation is well established metbod of treatment for esophageal varices whereas for gastric varices there has not been any systematic report of its use as a method of treatment. To evaluated its possible clinical application, the band ligation(banding) and the method of band ligation in conjuction with submucosal ethanolamine injection(banding with sclero) were tested on canine stomach, and results were assessed. Methods: The experimental subjects were 10 mongrel dogs, which were divided into 2 groups(Banding group, 5 subjects; Banding with sclero group: banding with submucosal injection of 0.5 cc of 5% ethanolatnine oleate on each of 2-3 places around ligation site, 5 subjects). Each group was performed examination at 1, 7, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21days. The dogs were sacrificed at 21days. Autopsy was performed; morphological and histological observations were made. Results: In bantiing group observations vaere made as follows: 9 sites(6.8%)-significant bleeding, 6 sites(4.5%)-perforation, 18 sites(13.6%)-muscle layer injury. The average size of post-operative ulcers was 16.7 rhm(8.5-23.0 mm). The rate of hemorrage was significant greater for banding than for banding with sclero. It is possible that the practice of submucosal injections of ethanolamine oleate around ligation sites produce ischemia and inflammatory response in the submucosa, which may help to reduce the chance of bleeding from ligation-induced ulcers. Conclusion: The band ligation on gastric wall accompanies risks of deep ulceration and hemorrhage. Hemorrhage may be prevented via banding with sclero.