연취급 근로자들의 혈중 ZPP 농도 선별기준에 따른 정확도의 변화

김용배,안현철,황보영,리갑수,이성수,안규동,이병국,Kim, Yong-Bae,Ahn, Hyun-Cheol,HwangBo, Young,Lee, Gap-Soo,Lee, Sung-Soo,Ahn, Kyu-Dong,Lee, Byung-Kook 대한예방의학회 1997 예방의학회지 Vol.30 No.4

Measurement of blood lead (PbB) and blood zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) are most common biological indices to identify the individual at risk for excess or the health sequences by lead exposure. Because PbB is known most important and reliable index of lead exposure, PbB is often regarded as a gold standard to detect lead exposure. But in Korea PbB is a secondary test item of detailed health check-up with positive finding of screening test in most occasion. Our lead standard requires all lead workers to take annual heath-check twice a year for investigation of their health effect due to lead exposure. Blood ZPP is one of most important index to detect high lead absorption in lead workers as a screening test. Measurement of blood ZPP is known ,well to correlate with PbB in steady state of exposure in most lead workers and is often used as a primary screening test to detect high lead absorption of lead workers with the advantage of simplicity, easiness, portability and low cost. The current cut-off criteria of blood ZPP for further detailed health check-up is $100{\mu}g/d\ell$ which is supposed to match the level of $40{\mu}g/d\ell$ of PbB according to our standard. Authors tried to investigate the validity of current criteria of cut-off level $(100{\mu}g/d\ell)$ of blood ZPP and possible another better cut-off level of it to detect the lead workers whose PbB level over $40{\mu}g/d\ell$. The subjects in our study were 212 male workers in three small scale storage battery industries. Blood ZPP, PbB and hemoglobin (Hb) were selected as the indices of lead exposure. The results were as follows. 1. The mean of blood ZPP, PbB and Hb in lead workers were $79.5{\pm}46.7{\mu}g/d\ell,\;38.7{\pm}15.1{\mu}g/d\ell,\;and\;14.8{\pm}1.2g/d\ell$, respectively. There were significant differences in blood ZPP, PbB and Hb by industry (P<0.01). 2. The percents of lead workers whose blood ZPP were above $100{\mu}g/d\ell$ in the group of work duration below 1, 1-4, 5-9 and above 10 years were 8.6%, 17.2%, 47.6%, and 50.0%, respectively. The percents of lead workers whose PbB were above $40{\mu}g/d\ell$ in those were 31.4%, 40.4%, 71.4%, and 86.4%, respectively. 3. The percents of lead workers whose PbB were below $40{\mu}g/d\ell$, $40-59{\mu}g/d\ell$ and above $60{\mu}g/d\ell$ were 54.7%, 34.9% and 10.4%, respectively. Those of lead workers whose blood ZPP were below $100{\mu}g/d\ell$, $100-149{\mu}g/d\ell$ and above $150{\mu}g/d\ell$ were 79.2%, 13.7% and 7.1%, respectively. 4. Simple linear regression of PbB on blood ZPP was statistically significant (P<0.01) and as PbB was $40{\mu}g/d\ell$, blood ZPP was $82.1{\mu}g/d\ell$. 5. While the highest sensitivity and specificity of blood ZPP test to detect lead workers with PbB eve. $40{\mu}g/d\ell$ were observed in the cut-off level of $50{\mu}g/d\ell$ and $100{\mu}g/d\ell$ of blood ZPP, respectively, the highest validity (sensitivity+specificity) of blood ZPP to detect lead workers with PbB over $40{\mu}g/d\ell$ was observed in the cut-off level of around $70{\mu}g/d\ell$ of blood ZPP. But even with optimal cut-off level of around $70{\mu}g/d\ell$ of blood ZPP, still 25.0% of false negative and 20.7% false positive lead workers were found. As the result of this study, it was suggested that reconsideration of current blood ZPP cut-off of our lead standard from $100{\mu}g/d\ell$ to somewhat lower level such as around $70{\mu}g/d\ell$ and the inclusion of PbB measurement as a primary screening test for lead workers was highly recommended for the effective prevention of lead workers.

절제 불가능한 췌장암의 동시항암화학방사선요법

김용배,성진실,송시영,박승우,서창옥,Kim, Yong-Bae,Seong, Jin-Sil,Song, Si-Young,Park, Seung-Woo,Suh, Chang-Ok 대한방사선종양학회 2002 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.20 No.4

목적 : 절제 불가능한 췌장암은 예후가 불량하여 효과적인 치료법의 개발이 요망되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Gemcitabine 또는 Paclitaxel과 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)을 이용한 동시항암화학방사선요법을 시행하여 치료효과를 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 임상적으로 혹은 개복수술 소견 상 절제 불가능한 췌장암으로 진단받은 환자를 대상으로 Gemcitabine 또는 Paclitaxel과 5-FU을 이용한 동시항암화학방사선요법을 시행하였다. 방사선 치료는 원발병소와 주위 림프절을 포함하여 5주 동안 45 Gy를 조사하였다. 이 기간동안 Gemcitabine $1,000\;mg/m^2$ 또는 Paclitaxel $50\;mg/m^2$의 매주 1회 주사 및 5-FU의 매일 경구 투여를 시행하였다. 추적관찰기간은 6개월에서 36개월이었으며, 생존율은 Kaplan-Meier법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 1999년 1월부터 2001년 11월까지 본 치료법이 시행된 경우는 54예였으며, 이중 계획된 치료를 종료한 42예를 분석하였다. 남녀 비는 30 : 12였고 중앙 연령은 60세였다. 총 54예 중 치료 중 원격전이나 암종증(carcinomatosis) 등으로의 진행 6명$(50\%)$, 시작시 불량한 전신수행 상태 4명$(33.3\%)$, 병변과 무관한 병발질환 1명$(8.3\%)$, 치료 거부 1명$(8.3\%)$ 등으로 총 12예에서 치료가 중단되었다. 42명의 환자 중 40예에서 반응 평가가 가능하였으며 완전 관해 1예, 부분 관해 24예로 관해율은 $59\%$로 나타났다. 중앙 생존값은 12개월, 1년 생존율은 $46.7\%$, 2년 생존율은 $17.0\%$였다. Grade III 이상의 치료독성으로는 혈액학적 독성이 8예$(19\%)$, 오심, 구토 등의 비혈액학적 독성이 9예$(20\%)$이었다. 이중 2명은 치료독성에 의한 상부 소화기 출혈로 사망하였다. 결론 : 절제 불가능한 췌장암에서 Gemcitabine 또는 Paclitaxel를 이용한 동시항암화학방사선요법은 관해율과 생존율에 있어서 효과적인 치료로 생각된다. 그러나 독성감소를 위한 연구가 또한 병행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다. Purpose : To analyze the treatment results of concurrent chemoradiation with oral 5-FU plus Gemcitabine or Paclitaxel for unresectable pancreatic cancer. Materials & Methods : The patients, who were diagnosed by imaging modalities or by explo-laparotomy, were treated with concurrent chemoradiation. Radiotherapy was delivered to primary tumor and regional lymph nodes, and the total dose was 45 Gy. Patients received Gemcitabine $1,000\;mg/m^2$ or Paclitaxel $50\;mg/m^2$ weekly and oral 5-FU daily The total number of cycles of chemotherapy ranged from 1 to 39 (median, 11 cycles). The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 36 months, Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results : Fifty-four patients between Jan. 1999 to Nov. 2001 were included in this study. Forty-two patients who completed the planned treatment were included in this analysis. The patients' age ranged from 37 to 73 years (median, 50 years) and the male to female ratio was 30:12. Treatment was interrupted for 12 patients due to: disease progression for 6 $(50\%)$, poor performance status for 4 $(33.3\%)$, intercurrent disease for 1 $(8.3\%)$, and refusal for 1 $(8.3\%)$. Response evaluation was possible for 40 patients. One patient gained complete remission and 24 patients gained partial remission, hence the response rate was $59\%$. The survival rates were $46.7\%\;and\;17.0\%$ at 1 year and 2 years, respectively with a median survival time of 12 months. Patients treated with Paclitaxel showed superior outcomes compared to those patients treated with Gemcitabine, in terms of both response rate and survival rate although this difference was not statistically significant. Grade III or IV hematologic toxicity was shown in 8 patients $(19\%)$, while grade III or IV non-hematologic toxicity was shown in 5 patients $(12\%)$. Conclusion : Concurrent chemoradiation with oral 5-FU and Gemcitabine or Paclitaxel improves both the response rate and survival rate in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. A prospective study should be investigated in order to improve both the patient selection and the treatment outcome as well as to reduce the toxicity.

가토 대동맥 평활근에서 인삼 알콜 추출물에 의한 Calcium 동원에 관한 연구

김용배,이영호,강복순,강두희,Kim, Yong-Bae,Lee, Young-Ho,Kang, Bok-Soon,Kang, Doo-Hee 대한생리학회 1990 대한생리학회지 Vol.24 No.1

There have been conflicting reports concerning the effect of Panax ginseng on the contractility of vascular smooth muscle, i.e., Panax ginseng extract has been reported to cause relaxation, contraction or to have no effect on the tension of vascular smooth muscle. A further investigation of $Ca^{++}$ stores which supply $Ca^{++}$ for contraction of vascular smooth muscle is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of this conflicting effect of ginseng alcohol extract (GAE). The present study was intended to examine the sources of calcium mobilized for contraction of vascular smooth muscle by GAE. Aortic ring preparations were made from the rabbit thoracic aorta and endothelial cells were removed from the ring. The contractility of the aortic ring was measured under various experimental conditions and $Ca^{++}$ flux across the membrane of aortic ring and the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were measured with a calcium selective electrode. The result were summarized as follows; 1) At low concentration of extracellular $Ca^{++}$, GAE increased the contractility of vascular smooth muscle in dose-dependent fashion except high concentration $Ca^{++}$ (1 mM). 2) In the presence of ryanodine, GAE still increased contractility of vascular smooth muscle as much as control group, but in the presence of caffeine, GAE increased it significantly. i.e. Their effects seemed to be additive. 3) In the presence of verapamil+lanthanum, and verapamil+lanthanum+ryanodine, the contractility of the vascular smooth muscle was decreased, but a dose dependent increase in vascular tension was still demonstrated by GAE although total tension was low. 4) GAE increased $Ca^{++}$ efflux from vascular smooth muscle cells, but have no effect on $Ca^{++}$ influx. 5) GAE increased $Ca^{++}$ efflux from sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria vesicles. From the above results, it may be concluded that GAE increased the release of $Ca^{++}$ from sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria or other intracellular $Ca^{++}$ stores of vascular smooth muscle, but it does not increase $Ca^{++}$ influx across the plasma membrane.

Multiple Myeloma 4예

김용배(Kim Yong Bae),인주철(Ihnn Joo Choul),이수영(Lee Soo Young),김익동(Kim Ik Dong) 대한정형외과학회 1974 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.9 No.4

반도체 레이아웃의 자동이식과 수율 향상을 위한 자동화 시스템의 관한 연구

김용배(Yong-Bae Kim),신만철(Man-Chul Sin),김준영(Jun-Young Kim),이윤식(Yun-Sik Lee) 한국정보과학회 2001 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.1A

반도체 설계는 급속한 기능 추가와 기가 헬쯔에 육박하는 고속 동작에 부응하는 제품의 설계와 빠른 출시를 위하여 다방면의 연구를 거듭하고 있다. 하지만, 인터넷과 정보 가전의 모바일 기 기기에서 요구하는 폭발적인 기능의 추가와 가전기기의 최소화를 위하여서는 그 요구를 감당하지 못하고 있다. 이를 위한 방안으로 설계 재활용과 System-On-Chip의 설계가 수년 전부터 대두되었으나 아직 큰 실효를 거두지 못하고 있다. SoC설계는 다기능을 한 칩에 구성하는 방법을 시도하고 있고, 설계 재활용은 기존의 설계(IP)를 다른 것과 혼합하여 필요한 기능을 제공하는 방법이 시도되고 있다. 이 두 가지의 VLSI 설계 방식 흐름을 가능하도록 하기 위한 연구로써, 레이아웃 이식에 관한 연구를 진행하였다. IP 재활용을 위하여서는 다양한 공정변화에 신속히 대응하고, 기존의 설계 설계규칙으로 설계된 도면을 현재의 공정인 0.25um, 0.18um 테크놀러지에 맞도록 변환하는 VLSI 소프트웨어 시스템을 필요로 한다. 레이아웃 설계도면을 분석하여 소자 및 배선을 인식하는 알고리즘을 연구와 개발하고, 도면을 첨단 테크놀러지의 설계 규칙에 부응하도록 타이밍, 소비, 전력, 수율을 고려한 최적의 소자 및 배선의 크기를 조절하는 방법을 고안하며, 칩 면적을 최적화할 수 있는 컴팩션 알고리즘을 개발하여 레이아웃 설계 도면을 이식할 수 있는 자동화소프트웨어 시스템을 연구하였다. 더불어, 현재 반도체 소프트웨어 시스템의 최대 문제점에 해당하는 처리 속도와 도면의 처리 능력을 비교, 검토하여 본 연구가 속도면에서 평균 27배, 효율면에서 3배 이상의 상대우위를 점하였다.

고상/고상 하이브리드 소재 기술동향 및 전망

김용배 ( Young Bae Kim ),이종섭 ( Jong Sup Lee ),이근안 ( Guen Ahn Lee ),이상목 ( Sang Mok Lee ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2011 재료마당 Vol.24 No.4

초음파 두께측정기를 이용한 밀폐된 강부재 내부의 부식손상 탐지

김기혁(Kim, Gi Hyeok),정영수(Jeong, Young Soo),김용배(Kim, Young Bae),김인태(Kim, In Tae) 한국강구조학회 2020 한국강구조학회 학술대회 발표집 Vol.31 No.1

Internal Mammary Lymph Node Irradiation after Breast Conservation Surgery : Radiation Pneumonitis versus Dose­Volume Histogram Parameters

Joo Young Kim(김주영),Ik Jae Lee(이익재),Ki Chang Keum(금기창),Yong Bae Kim(김용배),Su Jung Shim(심수정),Kyoungkeun Jeong(정경근),Jong Dae Kim(김종대),Chang Ok Suh(서창옥) 대한방사선종양학회 2007 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.25 No.4

목 적: 방사선 폐렴과 체적­선량 히스토그램(dose­volume histogram, DVH) 변수들 사이의 연관성을 평가하고, 내유림 프절이 포함된 유방암의 방사선치료에서 방사선 폐렴을 방지할 수 있는 실제적인 지침을 제공하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 부분유방절제술을 받은 초기 유방암 환자 20명이 본 연구에 포함되었다. 전체 유방, 상부쇄골림프절,내유림프절에 총 28회 50.4 Gy가 조사되었다. 방사선 폐렴은 방사선 영상에서의 폐 변화(radiological pulmonary change; RPC)와 증상이 있는 방사선 폐렴(symptomatic radiation pneumonitis)에 의해 평가되었다. DVH 변수들은 grade<2 RPC와 grade≥2 RPC로 나누어 비교되었다. 이 때, DVH 변수들은 평균 폐 선량(mean lung dose), V10 (10 Gy 이상 받는 폐의 백분율 부피), V20, V30, V40, 그리고 정상 조직 합병증 확률(normal tissue complication probability, NTCP)이다. 결 과: 20명의 환자 중 9명(45%)에서 grade 2 RPC가 발생하였고, 11명(55%)에서는 발생하지 않았다. 1명의 환자에서 grade 1의 증상이 있는 방사선 폐렴이 발생하였다. 단변량 분석에서 DVH 변수 중, NTCP가 두 RPC grade 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보여주고 있다 (p<0.05). Fisher의 정확한 검증(exact test)은 NTCP값 45%가 RPC의 threshold level로서 적합함을 보여준다. 결 론: 본 연구는 NTCP가 유방암의 내유림프절 방사선치료 후 RPC 예측인자 중 한가지로 쓰일 수 있음을 보여준다. 임상적으로 이는 NTCP 45% 이상에서 RPC가 발생하기 용이함을 의미한다. Purpose: To evaluate the association between radiation pneumonitis and dose-volume histogram parameters and to provide practical guidelines to prevent radiation pneumonitis following radiotherapy administered for breast cancer including internal mammary lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with early breast cancer who underwent a partial mastectomy were involved in this study. The entire breast, supraclavicular lymph nodes, and internal mammary lymph nodes were irradiated with a dose of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions. Radiation pneumonitis was assessed by both radiological pulmonary change (RPC) and by evaluation of symptomatic radiation pneumonitis. Dose-volume histogram parameters were compared between patients with grade <2 RPC and those with grade ≥2 RPC. The parameters were the mean lung dose, V10 (percent lung volume receiving equal to and more than 10 Gy), V20, V30, V40, and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). Results: Of the 20 patients, 9 (45%) developed grade 2 RPC and 11 (55%) did not develop RPC (grade 0). Only one patient developed grade 1 symptomatic radiation pneumonitis. Univariate analysis showed that among the dose-volume histogram parameters, NTCP was significantly different between the two RPC grade groups (p<0.05). Fisher’s exact test indicated that an NTCP value of 45% was appropriate as an RPC threshold level. Conclusion: This study shows that NTCP can be used as a predictor of RPC after radiotherapy of the internal mammary lymph nodes in breast cancer. Clinically, it indicates that an RPC is likely to develop when the NTCP is greater than 45%.

물세척과 블라스트 표면처리에 의한 해상 강교량 도장표면의 부착염분 제거

정영수(Jeong, Young Soo),이탁곤(Lee, Tack Gon),김용배(Kim, Young Bae),최영택(Choi, Young Taek),김인태(Kim, In Tae) 한국강구조학회 2022 한국강구조학회 학술대회 발표집 Vol.33 No.1

강교량 보수도장시 수공구 및 동력공구 표면처리에 따른 도장열화 거동 조사

정영수(Jeong, Young Soo),김용배(Kim, Young Bae),김기혁(Kim, Gi Hyeok),김인태(Kim, In Tae) 한국강구조학회 2020 한국강구조학회 학술대회 발표집 Vol.31 No.1