저염 오이지의 최적 발효기간에 대한 연구

김금정,양지원,이경희 한국식생활문화학회 2019 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.34 No.3

To optimize the fermentation period of lightly salted Oiji, 3% salt was added to cucumbers that were fermented at 27±1°C for 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 days, after which their physical properties (moisture content, salinity, pH, acidity, hardness) and sensory characteristics (acceptance test, difference test) were evaluated. The moisture content was highest at day 6. Hardness slowly increased as fermentation time increased, but not significantly. The pH was highest after 3 days of fermentation, and tended to decrease as fermentation time increased, with the largest drop occurring between 4 and 5 days, and the lowest pH occurring between 6 and 7 days. Acidity was lowest after day 3 of fermentation and highest after day 7. Acidity tended to increase as fermentation period lengthened. The L-value tended to decrease as salt concentration increased. The a-value declined from day 3 to day 5, then increased significantly by day 7. The b-value was highest after 7 days, with a tendency to increase as the fermentation progressed. Acceptance test results were highest for taste and overall acceptance after 5 days of fermentation. The difference test showed that the optimal lightly salted Oiji fermentation period was approximately 5 days. These results indicate that lightly salted Oiji fermented for 5 days produced the highest acceptance.

두 개의 새로운 phytotoxin의 Botrytis cinerea 병원성에서의 역할

김금정,윤미영,김흥태,최경자,장경수,최용호,박명수,차병진,김진철 한국식물병리학회 2009 식물병연구 Vol.15 No.2

In the course of study on the roles of phytotoxins in the pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea, we isolated two novel phytotoxins. They were identified as 3-O-acetyl botcinol and 3-O-acetyl botcinolide. In this study, we investigated correlation between the two phytotoxins and the pathogenicity of B. cinerea. In liquid cultures, the two phytotoxins were not produced by three low pathogenic isolates out of 25 B. cinerea isolates. Among strong or moderate pathogenic isolates, some produced the two phytotoxins, but the others did not. On the other hand, the ethyl acetate extracts of fermentation broths of 10 out of 25 isolates showed phytotoxic activity against various plants tested in a whole plant assay. The phytotoxins were detected in all of the 10 phytotoxic ethyl acetate extracts. In planta, the two phytotoxins were detected in all of the plant tissues infected with strong pathogenic isolates. However, there was no correlation between the ability of B. cinerea isolates to produce the two phytotoxins and their pathogenicities. The two phytotoxins began to detect in tomato plant tissues infected with B. cinerea 2-16 at 3 days after inoculation, increased gradually till 4 days after inoculation, and then decreased. The above results suggest that 3-O-acetyl botcinol and 3-O-acetyl botcinolide are one of pathogenicity factors for B. cinerea, but not a primary determinant of its pathogenicity. In the course of study on the roles of phytotoxins in the pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea, we isolated two novel phytotoxins. They were identified as 3-O-acetyl botcinol and 3-O-acetyl botcinolide. In this study, we investigated correlation between the two phytotoxins and the pathogenicity of B. cinerea. In liquid cultures, the two phytotoxins were not produced by three low pathogenic isolates out of 25 B. cinerea isolates. Among strong or moderate pathogenic isolates, some produced the two phytotoxins, but the others did not. On the other hand, the ethyl acetate extracts of fermentation broths of 10 out of 25 isolates showed phytotoxic activity against various plants tested in a whole plant assay. The phytotoxins were detected in all of the 10 phytotoxic ethyl acetate extracts. In planta, the two phytotoxins were detected in all of the plant tissues infected with strong pathogenic isolates. However, there was no correlation between the ability of B. cinerea isolates to produce the two phytotoxins and their pathogenicities. The two phytotoxins began to detect in tomato plant tissues infected with B. cinerea 2-16 at 3 days after inoculation, increased gradually till 4 days after inoculation, and then decreased. The above results suggest that 3-O-acetyl botcinol and 3-O-acetyl botcinolide are one of pathogenicity factors for B. cinerea, but not a primary determinant of its pathogenicity.

저염오이지의 소금농도 최적화 연구

김금정,이경희 동아시아식생활학회 2019 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.29 No.1

To determine the optimal salt concentration in low-salted Oiji (a traditional Korean cucumber pickle), the salt in the cucumber was maintained at five concentrations (ranging from 1% to 5%), and the physicochemical (moisture content, salinity, pH, acidity, and hardness) and sensory (acceptance test and difference test) characteristics of the Oiji were studied. The moisture content and hardness in Oiji were highest at a salt concentration of 1%, and the salinity was highest at a salt concentration of 5%. The pH of Oiji was lowest at a salt concentration of 1%. The acceptance test of Oiji indicated that the best appearance occurred at 1% salt concentration and the best flavor and texture at 4%. Additionally, the maximum taste and overall acceptance were recorded at a salt concentration of 3%. The salty taste of Oiji was greatest at a salt concentration of 5% and lowest at 1%. The taste of Oiji was most bitter and had the most intense brown color at a salt concentration of 3%. The acidity, crispness, and hardness were high when the cucumbers were soaked in solution containing 3% salt or more. Overall, the results of this study showed that the optimum concentration of salt for the preparation of Oiji was 3%.

Botrytis cinerea로부터 분리한 두 개의 새로운 phytotoxin의 구조 결정 및 생물활성

김금정,윤미영,김흥태,최경자,장경수,최용호,박명수,차병진,김진철 한국식물병리학회 2009 식물병연구 Vol.15 No.2

We discovered two novel phytotoxins produced by the pathogenic fungus, Botrytis cinerea. Among the twentyfive B. cinerea isolates, which were obtained from various host plants in 1994 and 1996, twenty-two showed strong or moderate pathogenicity on five plants such as cucumber, tomato, red pepper, tobacco and Chinese cabbage. The culture filtrate of the B. cinerea 2-16 strain showed the most potent phytotoxic activity in a tobacco leaf-wounding assay. Two novel phytotoxins were isolated from the liquid cultures of B. cinerea 2-16 by ethyl acetate extraction, flash silica gel column chromatography, silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, preparative TLC and subsequently preparative HPLC. Their chemical structures were determined to be 3-O-acetyl botcinol and 3-O-acetyl botcinolide, respectively, by mass and NMR spectral analyses. These two phytotoxins caused leaf necrosis in a leaf-wounding bioassay, and significant electrolyte leakage from leaf tissues of tobacco. In the two bioassays tested, 3-O-acetyl botcinol exhibited stronger phytotoxic activity than 3-O-acetyl botcinolide. This is the first report on the production of both 3-O-acetyl botcinol and 3-O-acetyl botcinolide from B. cinerea. We discovered two novel phytotoxins produced by the pathogenic fungus, Botrytis cinerea. Among the twentyfive B. cinerea isolates, which were obtained from various host plants in 1994 and 1996, twenty-two showed strong or moderate pathogenicity on five plants such as cucumber, tomato, red pepper, tobacco and Chinese cabbage. The culture filtrate of the B. cinerea 2-16 strain showed the most potent phytotoxic activity in a tobacco leaf-wounding assay. Two novel phytotoxins were isolated from the liquid cultures of B. cinerea 2-16 by ethyl acetate extraction, flash silica gel column chromatography, silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, preparative TLC and subsequently preparative HPLC. Their chemical structures were determined to be 3-O-acetyl botcinol and 3-O-acetyl botcinolide, respectively, by mass and NMR spectral analyses. These two phytotoxins caused leaf necrosis in a leaf-wounding bioassay, and significant electrolyte leakage from leaf tissues of tobacco. In the two bioassays tested, 3-O-acetyl botcinol exhibited stronger phytotoxic activity than 3-O-acetyl botcinolide. This is the first report on the production of both 3-O-acetyl botcinol and 3-O-acetyl botcinolide from B. cinerea.

다시마 분말 첨가에 따른 저염 및 저나트륨 오이지의 품질특성

김금정,양지원,이경희 한국식생활문화학회 2019 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.34 No.4

In order to study low salinity Oiji (cucumber pickled in salt) with a reduced content of sodium, which was accomplishedby replacing the salt in this saliferous food, we produced Oiji using sea tangle and, then performed physicochemical andsensory evaluations. It was found that the moisture content of Oiji was decreased with increasing the amount of added seatangle. The pH and acidity were significantly different between the samples made with sea tangle, and the pH and acidityshowed no consistent tendency according to the amount of sea tangle powder added. The salinity of Oiji was the highestin the control Oiji (2.92%), and the higher the amount of sea tangle added, the lower was the salinity in the Oiji with thesalt replaced by sea tangle (2.78 to 2.89%). The sodium content of Oiji was also the highest in the control Oiji (591.65 mg/100 g) and significantly decreased with the increasing addition of sea tangle (560.43~366.71 mg/100 g). The color valueof Oiji showed a significant difference between the samples, with no consistent tendency according to the amount of addedsea tangle powder. The hardness of Oiji was significantly greater in the Oiji with the salt replaced by 40% of sea tangle, withgreater hardness noted as the amount of added sea tangle powder increased (217.70 g). As a result of the acceptance testof Oiji, there were significant differences between the samples in overall acceptance, appearance, and taste, showing thatthe Oiji with salt replaced by 30% of sea tangle was significantly highest in overall acceptance and taste. The attributedifference test showed a significant difference only for the brown color, while no significant differences were found betweenthe samples for off-flavor, bitter taste, fermented taste, salty taste, sour taste, hardness and crispness. The above resultsdemonstrated that when sea tangle was substituted for 30 to 40% of the salt content, the Oiji with a low content of sodiumand low salinity can be produced with a high level of taste and overall preference. Therefore, this study firmly demonstratedthat 30 to 40% of the salt can be replaced by sea tangle as a substitute in order to produce Oiji that has low salinity, a lowsodium content.

비행청소년의 개인 및 집단 분노조절 훈련의 비교 - 자아존중감과 초기 부적응 도식의 조절 효과 -

김금정,최윤경 한국청소년시설환경학회 2018 청소년시설환경 Vol.16 No.1

함초 분말 첨가에 따른 저나트륨 오이지의 품질특성

김금정,양지원,이경희 한국식생활문화학회 2019 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.34 No.5

To investigate Oiji (traditional Korean cucumber pickles) with reduced sodium content based on the use of saline foodsas a salt substitute, Oiji was prepared using glasswort powder (Salicornia herbacea L.), and its physicochemical propertiesand sensory evaluation were examined. The moisture content of Oiji was shown to be higher in those to which glasswortpowder had been added compared to the control without addition of glasswort powder, and Oiji with 40% glasswortpowder substitute showed the highest pH and lowest acidity, resulting in slow progression of fermentation. The salinity ofOiji among those containing glasswort powder substitute was significantly higher with increasing level of glasswort powder. The sodium content of Oiji was significantly reduced as addition of glasswort powder increased. The L value of Oijidecreased with increased addition of glasswort powder, whereas the a value was highest in the control. The hardness of Oijiwas higher in the control than in Oiji containing glasswort powder. Taste acceptance was highest for Oiji with 20% glasswortpowder substitute, whereas acceptance of appearance was higher for Oiji with 10% glasswort powder substitute. Flavor andtexture acceptance was higher for the control. In the attribute difference test, significant differences were found in brownness,off-flavor, salty taste, and sourness. Based on the findings, 10-20% substitution of salt with glasswort powder did notsignificantly lower overall acceptance compared to the control while salinity of Oiji was maintained. Therefore, the potentialproduction of low-sodium Oiji has been verified.

지방세무직 공무원의 조직시민행동이 직무소진에 미치는 영향

김정인(金貞忍) 한국공공관리학회 2014 한국공공관리학보 Vol.28 No.2

본 연구에서는 지방재정 악화로 인한 지방세무직 공무원들의 근무환경 악화와 그들의 직무소진문제를 해결하기 위하여 지방세무직 공무원들의 조직시민행동이 조직구성원들의 직무소진에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 그리고 이러한 조직시민행동과 직무소진과의 관계에 외재적 직무동기와 내재적 직무동기의 조절효과가 존재하는 지를 분석하였다. 지방세무직 공무원들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 결과, 조직시민행동 중 양심성이 그들의 직무소진을 낮추는 데 긍정적 역할을 하였으며, 특히 조직시민행동의 효과는 자아성취와 관련된 직무소진에서 의미 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 분석결과에 따르면, 기존의 연구들과는 달리 내재적 직무동기가 아닌 외재적 직무동기가 높을 때 조직시민행동이 직무소진을 감소시키는 영향은 더욱 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 결론 및 함의점에서는 향후 지방세무직 공무원들의 근무환경 특성을 고려하여 보다 적합한 조직시민행동 및 직무동기 관리 전략 구성이 필요함을 제언하였다.

정부위원회의 운영 및 관리상의 문제점과 개선방안

김정해(金正亥),조성한(趙成漢) 한국국정관리학회 2007 현대사회와 행정 Vol.17 No.2

  현 정부 들어와 정부위원회가 명백한 기준 없이 대통령의 관심에 따라 즉흥적으로 만들어지고 정부부처의 기능까지 침해하게 되면서 정부기관 간 갈등과 행정혼란을 야기하고 있다. 이에 위원회 공화국을 이끌었던 현정부도 문제의식을 가지고 위원회를 정비하는 작업을 수행하였다. 그러나 실제로 위원회를 관리하는 기준과 지침이 비합리적이고 모호하여 그 성과가 그다지 크게 나타나지 않고 있다.<BR>  본 연구의 목적은 정부위원회의 속성과 기능을 이론적으로 검토하여 정부위원회 관리 및 설립 그리고 정비지침의 방향을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 정부위원회에 대한 이론적 검토를 바탕으로 한국 정부위원회의 현황과 문제점을 분석하였다. 그 결과 현재의 정부위원회 관리지침은 정부위원회의 성격에 대한 구분없이 단일한 지침으로 이루어져 있어 실질적인 관리효과를 거둘 수 없었음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 다양한 정부위원회 운영상의 문제점도 밝혀낼 수 있었다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위하여 정부위원회의 효과적 운영을 위한 기준합리화와 정부위원회 관리 및 정비기준의 합리화 방안을 제시하고자 하였다   The Participatory Government has been called "committee regime" because it has established numerous unnecessary Presidential Committees. The number of advisory committees of central and local government is also increased. Presidential Committees have been criticized that they frequently interfere into policy making of government. However, it is not possible to control these committees, because the management principles for committees activities have not been apparent and logical.<BR>  The purpose of this study is to suggest rational management principles and right direction for restructuring committees. Committees has to be categorized elaborately, and principles to control them have to be based on the categorization. The decision making process of committees needs transparency. The performance of committees have to be appraised on a regular basis. Committees have to be established on ad hoc basis.

중국 제5세대 지도자 시진핑

김정계(金楨桂),전영란(全英蘭) 동아인문학회 2013 동아인문학 Vol.24 No.-

시진핑은 2012년 11월 중공 18대1중전회에서 당 총서기와 중앙군사위원회 주석에 당선되었다. 그리고 2013년 제18기 전인대에서 국가주석 겸 국가중앙군사위원회 주석에 당선됨으로써 명실상부한 당?정?군의 최고지도자가 되었다. 이변이 없는 한 2023년까지 향후 10년간 최고지도자로서 중국의 미래를 좌우하고 전 세계에 영향을 미칠 것이다. 본 글은 향후 10여 년간 중국을 이끌 시진핑은 과연 어떤 인물인가를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 즉 그의 성장과정과 정치사회적 배경을 살펴보는데 분석의 초점을 맞추었다. 먼저 제2장에서는 중국 엘리트의 세대구분과 비공식적 네트워크를 살펴봄으로써, 본 글의 논의의 틀을 마련하였다. 제3장과 제4장에서는 제2장의 분석의 틀을 중심으로 시진핑의 성장과정과 정치역정을 살펴보고, 마지막 결론에서는 그의 인맥과 조력자를 통해 본 시진핑의 리더십을 논의하였다.