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AMR-WB 음성 부호화기를 이용한 TTS 데이터베이스의 효율적인 압축 기법
임종욱,김기출,김경선,이항섭,박혜영,김무영,Lim, jong-Wook,Kim, Ki-Chul,Kim, Kyeong-Sun,Lee, Hang-Seop,Park, Hae-Young,Kim, Moo-Young 한국음향학회 2009 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.28 No.3
본 논문에서는 효율적으로 Text-To-Speech (TTS) 데이터베이스를 압축하기 위해서 개선된 adaptive multi-rate wideband (AMR-WB) 음성 부호화 알고리즘을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 불필요한 common bit-stream (CBS)을 제거하고, 파라미터의 델타 코딩 방식과 특정 화자에 종속적인 Huffman coding을 접목하여 음질 저하 없이 비트율을 낮추고자 하였다. 또한, 최소한의 음질 손실로 최대의 비트율 개선 효과를 볼 수 있는 손실 압축 방식도 제안하였다. 기존의 12.65 kbit/s AMR-WB 코덱에 CBS 제거를 포함한 무손실 압축 방식을 적용한 결과 음질 저하 없이 최대 12.40%의 비트율 개선 효과를 나타냈다. 또한, 손실 압축방식에서는 20.00% 비트율 개선 시 PBSQ로 0.12 정도의 음질 저하가 발생했다. This paper presents an improved adaptive multi-rate wideband (AMR-WB) algorithm for the efficient Text-To-Speech (TTS) database compression. The proposed algorithm includes unnecessary common bit-stream (CBS) removal and parameter delta coding combined with speaker-dependent huffman coding to reduce the required bit-rate without any quality degradation. We also propose lossy coding schemes to produce the maximum bit-rate reduction with negligible quality degradation. The proposed lossless algorithm including CBS removal can reduce bit-rate by 12.40% without quality degradation compared with the 12.65 kbps AMR-WB mode. The proposed lossy algorithm can reduce bit-rate by 20.00% with 0.12 PESQ degradation.
박선경 ( Seon Kyeong Park ),이윤주 ( Yun Ju Lee ),장재원 ( Jae Won Chang ),김경선 ( Kyoung Sun Kim ),윤형선 ( Hyung Sun Yoon ),문장혁 ( Jang Hyuk Moon ),김민철 ( Min Cheul Kim ) 한방재활의학과학회 2004 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.14 No.4
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of muscle releasing stimulation technique on low back pain. Methods: This study was carried out on the 50 patients who had low back pain. We treated the patients with muscle releasing stimulation technique, and evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and Range of Motion(R.O.M.) before and after the technique. We classified the patients according to sex and age, the motive of disease, the period of disease and the severity of disease. And we also campared each result of these conditions with the therapeutic result. Results: The period of disease is statistically related to the therapeutic result, but there was no significant function between sex and age, the motive of disease, the severity of disease and the therapeutic result. Low back pain was statistically improved by muscle releasing stimulation technique, and VAS was also statistically improved, especially ‘the acutest`, but it had no efficacy on ‘the chronic`. Conclusions: In the study, muscle releasing stimulation technique was effective on low back pain, especially ‘the acutest`, but not on ‘the chronic`.
관상동맥 조영술 후 체위변경이 불편감과 출혈에 미치는 효과
김필자,정정인,노정숙,나향,김가연,김경선,이근화,이은숙,홍순복,황정화,김선경,한송이,김희순 병원간호사회 2009 임상간호연구 Vol.15 No.1
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of position change on discomfort and bleeding in patients undergone coronary angiography with a vascular device and required bed-rest. Method: This study utilized nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. Data were collected from 118 inpatients after coronary angiography and stayed in general ward at Y hospital in Seoul, from June 5 to August 12, 2008. After coronary angiography, position change was performed to the experimental group who consisted of 59 patients. They stayed in supine position just after angiography and then head-up position with 15 degrees was applied 1 hour later. After that, they could change the position alternatively into lateral position with leg down and supine position. The control group was positioned keeping the affected leg immobile with supine position for 4 hours. Results: The experimental group reported significantly more comfortable than control group after position change. There were no significant differences in the grades of bleeding or hematoma at puncture site between the two groups. Conclusion: The position change in patients undergone angiography could be applied without any harm such as bleeding or hematoma, but effective in reducing back pain and subjective patients' discomforts.