아우구스티누스와 칼뱅의 기독론적 교회론 비교 연구

김경문 ( Kyung Moon “luke” Kim ) 한국복음주의조직신학회 2024 조직신학연구 Vol.46 No.-

기독론적 교회론은 그리스도와 교회의 관계를 연구하며 논쟁 중 하나는 그리스도와 교회의 연합 방식에 대한 이해이다. 이 연합은 그리스도의 두 본성 중 인성에 해당하는데, 문제는 인성의 현 위치가 하나님의 보좌 우편이라는 사실이다. 성령강림은 승천으로 발생한 그리스도와 교회의 격차를 극복한다. 하지만, 이러한 성령의 역할을 이해하는 방식에는 차이가 있다. 그중 아우구스티누스의 전체 그리스도(Totus Christu s)와 칼뱅의 그리스도와의 연합(Unio Cum Christo )이 대표적인데 아우구스티누스는 교회가 그리스도의 인성을 대신하기에 교회에 참여할 때 그리스도와 연합된다고 이해한다. 이 논리에서 성령은 교회를 태어나게 했고 교회에 내재하여 역사한다. 반면, 칼뱅은 성령의 수직적인 교통으로 교회가 승천하신 그리스도와 연합한다고 이해한다. 이렇게 서로 다른 이해는 논리적으로 유보적 칭의의 수용 여부에 대해 서로 다른 영향을 미치는데, 아우구스티누스의 논리에서는 유보적 칭의를 수용하는 것이 부합하고 칼뱅의 논리에서는 거부하는 것이 부합한다. 하나님 나라와 목회적 권위의 이해도 서로 다른 방향으로 발전한다. Christological ecclesiology studies the relationship between Christ and the church and one of the controversies is the understanding of how Christ and the church are united. This union relates to Christ’s humanity, and the problem is his location, which is the right hand of God. The Pentecost, or the coming of the Spirit, overcomes the gulf between Christ and the church created by the ascension. Concerning the role of the Spirit, however, there are different understandings. Augustine’s Totus Christus and Calvin’s Unio Cum Christo are two of the most prominent understandings. Augustine understands that the church substituted Christ’s humanity so that one is united to Christ when participating in the church. In this logic, the Spirit gives birth to and dwells in the church. On the other hand, Calvin understands the church to be united to the ascended Christ vertically by the Spirit’s work. These different understandings logically have different implications for the doctrine of final justification. With Augustine’s logic, it is consistent to accept the doctrine, and with Calvin’s logic, it is consistent to reject the doctrine. Understanding the kingdom of God and pastoral authority also develops in different directions.

작물생명공학의 현황과 전망

김경문 ( Kyung Moon Kim ),김선암 ( Sun Am Kim ),김홍기 ( Hong Gi Kim ),오병준 ( Byoung Jun Oh ),윤제정 ( Je Jung Yun ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2009 공학기술논문지 Vol.2 No.1

Biotech crops have been grown commercially for thirteen years since 1996. This paper describes current status and prospects of the biotech crops and the impact of plant biotechnology on the global agriculture from both economic and environmental perspectives. The 125 million hectares of biotech crops in 2008 by 25 countries represent 8% of the 1.5 billion hectares in the world. There have been net economic benefits at the farm level amounting to $44 billion for the thirteen-year period in both the developing countries and industrialized countries. During 1996-2007, the technology has accumulatively reduced agro-chemicals applying by 360 thousand tons and as a result, decreased the environmental impact associated with the use of agro-chemicals on these crops. In addition, deployment of biotech crops has also significantly reduced the release of 14.2 million tons of greenhouse gas emissions from cropping area. Biotech crops has been used as bioenergy crops for the production of biofuels and as bioreactors for the production of the food/feed ingredients in tile nutrient level as well as biopharmaceuticals. Biotech crops have been mostly issued in the public, thus, need for appropriate regulatory systems that are responsible and rigorous.

경동맥 내막절제술 후 조기 합병증(<30일) 발생에 대한 고찰 및 술 후 뇌경색 발생 위험인자 분석

이경복(Kyung-Bok Lee),이광호(Kwang-Ho Lee),정진상(Chin-Sang Chung),김경문(Gyeong-Moon Kim),변홍식(Hong-Sik Byun),전평(Pyoung Jeon),김건하(Keon-Ha Kim),김동익(Dong-Ik Kim),김영욱(Young-Wook Kim) 대한외과학회 2009 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.77 No.3

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the early (<30 days) results and to analyze risk factors for the development of stroke and new brain infarction (NBI) after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Methods: From September 2003 to August 2008, 233 CEAs were performed on 222 patients with critical internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis in a single center. Patient characteristics, history of neurological symptoms, procedural details, and postoperative complications were examined based on the medical records. The incidence and risk factors for early postoperative stroke were evaluated. After excluding CEAs without performing diffusion-weighted brain MRI, 128 CEAs were investigated for frequency and the risk factors of NBI were analyzed. Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, Student T-test, and logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. Results: Of a total of 233 CEAs, any and ipsilateral stroke rates were 1.3% and 0.4%, respectively. There was no early postoperative mortality. Early postoperative complications included 4.3% in transient cranial nerve injury, 1.7% in myocardial infarction, and 3.4% in hematoma. In univariate analysis, the significant risk factor for stroke was plaque ulceration (P=0.04). The frequency of NBI and ipsilateral NBI were 8.4% and 3.1%, respectively. The ulceration on ipsilateral ICA revealed statistically significant risk factors for the development of NBI (RR, 5.29; 95% CI, 1.024∼27.325; P=0.04). Conclusion: Our study showed a lower incidence of stroke and NBI after carotid endarterectomy and that it is safe procedure for the treatment of patients with severe (>70%) carotid stenosis. We also found that plaque with ulceration was a significant risk factor for the development of postoperative NBI.

5-Fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) 병변내 주입후 Etretinate 로 치료한 다발성 각화극세포증 1 예

김주원(Joo Won Kim),김일환(Il Hwan Kim),송해준(Hae Jun Song),오칠환(Chil Hwan Oh),김상백(Sang Baik Kim),김경문(Kyung Moon Kim) 대한피부과학회 2002 대한피부과학회지 Vol.40 No.1

Keratoacanthoma is a benign epithelial growth tumor arising from the hair follicle predominantly in elderly patients on sun-exposed skin. Intralesional therapy with 5-fluorouracil is a safe treatment and may be the treatment of choice for multiple keratoacanthoma and solitary lesion which are difficult to remove surgically. We have experienced a case of multiple keratoacanthoma which involved the right nasolabial fold and the left ear. We treated them with oral etretinate and intralesional 5-fluorouracil(5-FU), therefore minimized the scar of the lesion and the possibility of recurrence. (Korean J Dermatol 2002;40(1):31~33)

동시에 시행한 관상동맥우회술 및 경동맥 내막절제술과 단계적 수술의 조기 성적 비교

박양진(Yang Jin Park),김동익(Dong-Ik Kim),노영남(Young Nam Roh),김욱성(Wook Sung Kim),이영탁(Young Tak Lee),김경문(Gyeong-Moon Kim),김덕경(Duk-Kyung Kim),김영욱(Young-Wook Kim) 대한외과학회 2011 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.80 No.1

Purpose: Between combined and staged operations of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for patients with concurrent coronary and carotid disease, each treatment strategy has its own advantages and disadvantages. We attempted to compare early surgical results between the two operations. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 71 patients who underwent either combined CEA & CABG (n=37) or staged CABG & CEA (n=34) in a single institute between January 2001 and March 2010. After comparing patients’ demographics and preoperative neurologic and cardiac status, we compared early (<1 month) postoperative cardiac or neurologic complications and surgical mortality between the 2 groups. Results: There was no significant difference in patients’ demographics and indications for operation the between 2 groups. There were 2 (5.4%) cases of postoperative stroke in combined groups and 1 (2.9%) in staged group. However, there was no myocardial infarction or death. In staged operation group, during the interval time between the two operations, 5 cases (14.7%) of stroke developed, of which, all patients recovered without any sequelae by anticoagulation. Conclusion: After experiencing low postoperative cardiac or neurologic morbidity or mortality after combined CABG and CEA, we conclude that combined CABG and CEA was a safe and feasible treatment option for patients with neurologic symptoms and in stable cardiac status. In the staged operation group of patients, we observed development of neurologic events during the interval period between CABG and CEA. To attain optimal treatment strategy in asymptomatic patients, further prospective study would be required.

도시지역 합류식 하수관거 월류수(CSOs)의 오염부하량 분석

김성원(Kim, Sung Won),김경문(Kim, Kyung Moon),전제찬(Jeon, Je Chan),권구호(Kwon, Koo Ho),민경석(Min, Kyung Sok) 대한토목학회 2012 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.10

국소 광적응 기능을 가지는 윤곽검출용 32x32 방사형 CMOS 시각칩의 설계 및 제조

박대식,박종호,김경문,이수경,김현수,김정환,이민호,신장규,Park, Dae-Sik,Park, Jong-Ho,Kim, Kyung-Moon,Lee, Soo-Kyung,Kim, Hyun-Soo,Kim, Jung-Hwan,Lee, Min-Ho,Shin, Jang-Kyoo 한국센서학회 2002 센서학회지 Vol.11 No.2

국소 광적응 기능을 가지는 윤곽검출용 시각칩을 픽셀수 $32{\times}32$의 방사형 구조로 CMOS 공정기술을 이용하여 설계 및 제조하였다. 생체의 망막은 넓은 범위의 입력 광강도에 대해서 물체의 윤곽을 검출할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 시세포, 수평세포, 쌍극세포로 이루어진 망막의 윤곽검출 기능을 모델링하여 윤곽검출용 인공시각칩을 설계하였다 국소 광적응을 위해 입력 광강도에 따라 수용야의 크기를 국소적으로 바뀌게 하였다. 아울러 단위셀을 방사형으로 배치함으로써 영상데이터의 양을 감소시킴과 동시에 칩의 중심부분으로 갈수록 해상도가 높아지도록 설계하였다. 설계된 칩은 $0.6\;{\mu}m$ double-poly triple-metal 표준 CMOS 공정기술을 이용하여 제조되었으며, HSPICE 시뮬레이션으로 성능을 최적화 시켰다. A $32{\times}32$ pixels foveated (linear-polar) structure retina chip with the function of local-light adaptation for edge detection has been designed and fabricated using CMOS technology. Human retina can detect a wide range of light intensity. In this study, we use the biologically-inspired visual signal processing mechanism that consists of photoreceptors, horizontal cells, and bipolar cells in order to implement the function of edge detection in the retina chip. For a local-light adaptive function, the size of receptive field is changed locally according to the input light intensity. The spatial distribution of sensing pixels in the foveated retina chip has the advantages of selective reduction of image data and good resolution in central part to carry out the elaborate image processing with still enough resolution in the outer parts. The designed chip has been fabricated using standard $0.6\;{\mu}m$ double-poly triple-metal CMOS technology and optimized using HSPICE simulator.

보리 葯培養에 前處理와 植物 生長調節劑 處理가 캘러스 形成 및 植物體 分化에 미치는 效果

Byung Hee Hong(洪丙熹),Kyung Moon Kim(金庚汶) 한국육종학회 1993 한국육종학회지 Vol.25 No.2

This study was carried out to find an efficient method of barley anther culture and to investigate the induction of anther derived-callus in accordance with durations of pretreatment at 5℃, stages of pollen development and the combined treatment of NAA and BAP. In the callus induction at 5℃ in the respective durations of pretreatment, it was shown that Deuce produced better calli at non-pretreatment while Duke and Dissa showed higher calli induction at pretreatment of 20 days and 10 days, respectively. The high callus responses in Deuce and Dissa were found at the early and mid uninucleated stage. In the callus reponses of the pollen treated with combinations of NAA and BAP, Deuce and Dissa responded well to 3.0㎎/ℓ NAA alone. The callus induced from anther culture largely produced albino plants and rarely produced normal plants. However, large callus was beneficial for inducing plants.

食用 纖維素 資源의 選拔에 關한 硏究 Ⅴ. 율무 種實의 食用纖維素 特性

Byung Hee Hong(洪丙蕙),Kyung Moon Kim(金庚汶) 한국육종학회 1995 한국육종학회지 Vol.27 No.3

This experiment was conducted to investigate the varietal difference of dietary fiber of job’s tears kernels. One hundred-grain weight, whiteness, length/width ratio, amylose, pentosan, β-glucan content of kernels were investigated in 37 varieties of domestic, bred, and introduced job’s tears. Average 100-grain weight, whiteness, and lenth/width ratio of seed were 7.49g, 73.76 and 1.24, respectively. The variation observed in amylose content ranged from 4.41% (Tsukuba 21) to 12.43% (Kangsanjaeraejong) with mean of 5.59%. Soluble pentosan was higher in Joogrijong (0.45%), Tsukuba 35 and Tsukuba 36(0.43%), and total pentosan was higher in Kwansungjon(2.73%), UCN 320-86(2.76%), and UCN 561-53(2.84%). Total β - glucan was higher in Kwansungjong(5.64%), Suwon #3(5.64%), Kangsanjaerae 2(5.80%), UCN 330-36(5.58%), UCN 540-16(7.40%) and Tsukuba 21(5.58%). Fractional β-glucan showed water-soluble β-glucan > 1N NaOH-soluble β-glucan > 24% NaOH-solube β-glucan. Dietary fiber, pentosan plus β-glucan, showed higher in Kwansungjon(8.37%), Kangsanjaerae 2(7.82%), UCN 172-27(7.84%), UCN 330-36(7.88%), UCN 540-16(9.75%), UCN 561-53(7.88%) and Tsukuba 21(7.89%).

전국 피부과 전공의 수련병원에서의 피부 병리에 관한 실태 조사

김광호 ( Kwang Ho Kim ),윤종현 ( Jong Hyun Yoon ),김흥열 ( Heung Yeol Kim ),김경문 ( Kyung Moon Kim ),안효현 ( Hyo Hyun Ahn ),원영호 ( Young Ho Won ),윤숙정 ( Sook Jung Yun ),이동윤 ( Dong Youn Lee ),이승호 ( Seung Ho Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회지 Vol.51 No.10

Background: There is no report on the actual conditions and current educational status of dermatopathology in Korean the literature, implying that the interest in dermatopathology, which is important in clinical practice, is drawn away. Objective: This study was performed to investigate the actual conditions of dermatopathology. Based on the collected data, we could set up the directions for the development of dermatopathology. Methods: From April to June 2012, we conducted a survey of 62 dermatologic training hospitals and 328 residents working in the dermatology department in Korea, respectively, by mail, anonymously. Results: Residents` satisfaction of current dermatopathology education was significantly higher in tertiary hospitals and in hospitals with numerous dermatologists. The number of performed skin biopsies per week was also significantly larger in tertiary hospitals. Of tertiary hospitals and hospitals with numerous dermatologists, lectures given by dermatologists or dermatologists specialized in dermatopathology took a higher proportion in the dermatopathology course, and in-hospital dermatopathology conferences were held more than 5 times a month. Conclusion: As shown in the result of this survey, to enhance interest in dermatopathology, we suggest activation of the Korean society for dermatopathology and joint conferences among local hospitals. (Korean J Dermatol 2013;51(10):782∼796)