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김경님,지국섭,김중한,이승미,김미애,박형수,임한호,윤영주,김광원,박관수 朝鮮大學校 口腔生物學硏究所 2000 口腔生物學硏究 Vol.24 No.2
Even though congential missing of mandibular incisors is lower incidence than that of maxillary lateral incisors of premolars, it makes orthodontic treatment complicated, and then clinical orthodontists should be familiar with treatment alternatives. The treatment techniques used in resolving that cases depend on a myriad of diagnostic criteria such as dental, skeletal and aesthetic considerations. Be based on this consideration, the orthodontists must decide whether to retain or open space for prosthodontic treatment or to closure space with potential excessive overbite of the anterior teeth or to extract maxillary teeth for tooth material balance. The following case reports document three patients with one or two congenitally missing mandibular teeth who were treated by opportunely selected treatment modality.
하악 제 2 대구치 발거를 통한 III급 부정교합 환자의 교정치험례
김경님,이승미,김미애,박관수,박형수,임한호,윤영주,김광원 朝鮮大學校 口腔生物學硏究所 2001 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.25 No.2
Orthodontic treatment in conjunction with second-molar extractions has a controversial issue among orthodontics for many years. Although the results of several quantitative studies have been published, most articles pertaining to second molar extraction reflect the author's opinions and clinical experience, not scientific fact. Indications for second molar extractions and timing of the extractions very from on orthodontist to another. As the orthodontists decide this problem, they should consider facial exthetics, amounts and site of the corwding, size and eruption path of third molar, and patients cooperation. Chief among the advantages that have been claimed for second molar extraction are the disimpaction of third molars and the prevention of late corwding of the lower arch. Second molar extraction can be a very useful approach to treatment in carefully selected cases, but it cannot be regarded as a substitute for premolar extraction in cases. This study focuses on lower second molar extraction in the treatment of C Ⅲ malocclusion.
김경님 ( Kim Kyung Nim ),이혁진 ( Lee Hyuk Jin ) 한국사진지리학회 2016 한국사진지리학회지 Vol.26 No.3
프라하는 체코공화국 수도이자 가장 큰 도시이며, 국가의 정치와 문화 그리고 경제의 중심지이다. 본 연구는 프라하의 문화관광에 관심을 두고, 도시형성배경, 문화자원, 도시브랜딩 특징을 고찰하는데 목적을 두었다. 첫째, 프라하는 많은 유산들이 전쟁 속에서도 보존되어 중세도시의 모습이 남아 있다. 건축은 중세시대의 문화중심지로서 프라하 영향력을 잘 나타내고 있다. 둘째, 프라하는 유서 깊은 문화자원을 간직하고 있으며, 역사지구는 1992년 세계유산 목록에 등재되었다. 셋째, 프라하는 중세 건물로 장식된 아름다운 경관 때문에 ‘중세 최고의 도시’ 이기도 하지만, 감동적인 스토리가 간직되어 있는 랜드마크, 종교와 음악 같은 문화예술 중심의 도시브랜드가 세계의 문화관광도시로 자리매김하는 원동력으로 작용했다. 프라하의 랜드마크는 프라하성과 함께 카를교와 구시가지의 천문시계가 중심이 된다. 유명한 음악가를 배출한 국가답게, ‘프라하의 봄’ 음악축제나 문학전통을 포함하는 도시이미지는 체코가 전세계의 대표적인 문화예술도시임을 보여준다. As the capital and the largest city in the Czech Republic, Prague(Praha) is at the core of the nation’s political, cultural, and economic landscape. This study centers on the city’s value as a destination of cultural tour, and is dedicated to analyze how its city brand was established by examining its historical backgrounds, cultural resources, and landmarks. First, Prague still preserves its distinctive landscape from the Middle Ages; numerous cultural assets were able to survive the times of war and urbanization. Second, Prague is home to a number of famous cultural attractions. Since 1992, the Historic Centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO List of World Heritage Sites. Third, although it is widely known for its medieval structures, Prague was able to become one of the world’s best tourist destination cities mainly due to its city landmarks with charming stories and its city brand as the cultural center of religion and music. Prague’s main landmarks are the Prague Castle and the Old Town Square with the Astronomical Clock, and each of these carries fascinating stories from the past. As the motherland of many great musicians in history, Prague hosts the Prague Spring Festival annually, adding further to its reputation as one of the culturally richest cities in the world.