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동서양 정치철학에서의 자유, 평등과 국가와의 관계성에 대한 고찰 - 아리스토텔레스, 공자, 마이클 샌델, 존 롤즈를 중심으로
구선영(Koo, Sun-Young) 인천대학교 인문학연구소 2019 인문학연구 Vol.31 No.-
본고는 고대서양정치철학에서 아리스토텔레스, 고대동양정치철학에서는 공자의 사상에 초점을 맞추어, 그들의 정치철학에서 자유와 평등 개념이 어떻게 (암묵적으로) 정위되고 있는지, 두 개념의 중심 내용과 배경을 파악함으로써, 이를 개개인의 행복과 사회와의 조화를 위한 국가의 역할 및 재량의 범위에 대한 논의로 확장시키는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이러한 동서양 고대정치철학의 비교를 바탕으로, 현대에 이르러 공동체주의의 기치 아래 저명한 정치철학자들을 집결시켰던 마이클 샌델과 그에 앞서 평등주의적 자유주의를 주창하여 자유주의에 대한 논쟁을 확산시켰던 롤즈의 이론의 대척점에 시선을 집중시킴으로써, 현대의 다문화 사회에서의 자유와 평등, 그리고 개인과 국가와의 관계성에 주목한다. This paper focuses on Aristotle’s thoughts among sources of ancient Western political philosophy and that of Confucius in ancient Eastern political philosophy. In particular, how concepts of liberty and equality are defined, delimited and applied will be analyzed as to how it will be able to expand our discussion over the appropriate role and discretion of states in harmonizing individuals’ happiness and society. Based on a comparative analysis between Eastern and Western political philosophies of ancient times, as a next step, this paper pays attention to a conflicting point between Michael Sandel and John Rawls. While Sandel gathered famed among political philosophers having ideas basically based on communitarianism, Roawls caused a dispute against liberalism by arguing egalitarian liberalism. So, this paper aims to analyze liberty, equality and the relations between individuals and the state in the context of our modern multicultural society with a focus on their conflict.
신생아에서 비접촉 적외선 측두동맥 체온계 (Non-contact temporal artery thermometer)를 이용하여 측정한 체온과 다른 방법으로 측정한 체온의 비교
구수현 ( Soo Hyun Koo ),정명숙 ( Myung Sook Jeong ),김경아 ( Kyung Ah Kim ),고선영 ( Sun Young Ko ),이연경 ( Yeon Kyung Lee ),신손문 ( Son Moon Shin ) 대한주산의학회 2003 Perinatology Vol.14 No.4
목적: 소아의 건강상태를 파악하는데 있어 체온은 중요한 지표의 하나로, 측정에 있어 정확하고 간편한 방법이 요구된다. 직장체온이 가장 정확한 것으로 알려져 있으나 시간과 노력이 많이 소요되며, 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위해 현재 널리 사용되고 있는 적외선 고막 체온계는 간편하고 시간이 단축되는 장점이 있으나 소아에서의 정확도에 대해서 많은 논란이 있다. 본 연구에서는 최근 사용되기 시작한 비접촉 측두동맥 체온계를 이용하여 측정한 체온과 직장체온과의 상관성과, 참고할 수 있는 정상범위를 알아보고, 다른 체온측정방법과 비교하여 그 유용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 연구 방법: 성균관의대 삼성제일병원에서 출생한 신생아 117명을 대상으로, 적외선고막체온계와 비접촉 측두동맥 체온계를 사용하여 각각 고막체온과 이마체온을 3회 측정하여, 그 평균값을 얻었으며, 유리수은체온계를 이용하여 직장체온과 액와체온을 측정하였다. Pearson correlation coefficient를 구하여 측정 방법에 따른 체온간의 상관관계를 살펴보고, 반복 측정에 따른 차이의 비교는 t-test를 이용하여 검정하였다. 결과: 비접촉 측두동맥 체온계를 사용하여 측정한 정상 체온의 평균값은 36.2±0.23℃였으며, 직장체온, 액와체온, 고막체온의 평균값은 36.8±0.30℃, 36.7±0.30℃, 36.1±0.27℃였다. 비접촉 측두동맥 체온계를 사용하여 측정한 체온과 직장체온은 유의한 상관관계가 있었다(p<0.01, r=0.891). 반복 측정시의 측정치의 차이는 고막 체온에 비해 비접촉 측두동맥 체온계를 사용하여 측정한 체온이 유의하게 작았다(p<0.01). 결론: 비접촉 측두동맥 체온계는 측정값은 직장체온과 유의한 상관관계가 있으며, 반복 측정시 측정치의 차이가 작아 유아에게 사용하기에 적당하다고 판단되었다. Objective: In this study, we tested the correlation between the body temperature measured by non-contact temporal artery thermometer which has been developed recently and the rectal temperature using conventional glass mercury thermometer, also evaluate the reliability of non-contact temporal artery thermometer by comparing with other methods of temperature measurement. Methods: One-hundred-and-seventeen newborn infants who were born at Samsung Cheil Hospital were included in this study. Tympanic and forehead temperatures were taken three times each with tympanic thermometer and non-contact infrared temporal artery thermometer respectively on a newborn infant by two authors. we also measured the rectal and axillary temperatures by using a mercury-in-glass thermometer. Results: The normal body temperature measured by non-contact temporal artery thermometer was 36.2±0.22℃, and rectal, axillary and tympanic temperatures were 36.8±0.30℃, 36.7±0.30℃ and 36.1±0.27℃, respectively. There was a significant correlation between temperatures measured by non-contact temporal artery thermometer and rectal temperature (p<0.01, r=0.891). The differences between repeated measurements by non-contact temporal artery thermometer were significantly less than those by tympanic thermometer (p<0.01). Conclusion: Forehead temperature measured by non-contact temporal artery thermometer is correlated with rectal temperature and has good reproducibility. It can be used to measure body temperature in newborn infants.
이태식(Lee Tai Sik),박은수(Park Eun Soo),구자경(Koo Ja Kyung),소선영(So Sun Young),김정기(Kim Jung Gi) 한국철도학회 2006 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-
The subway is evaluated as a mean of public transportaiton, well differenct from other transportation means, the construction expense is increasing gradually with enormous problems. This research analyzes the problems which occur at the planning and design process for subway construction. The demand forecast which is obtained from planning and design process will improve construction plans and size of subway system. The plan which makes the transportation means more useful, reduces the budget.
관상 동맥 질환에서 아포 E 지단백 유전자 다형성과 혈청 지질치와의 관계
곽선영,김성구,정호석,이유경,이광희,김철현,최태명,현민수,권영주 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.1
Background and aims: The Apolipoprotein E is a ligand of both the protein component LDL receptor as well as the apo E LDL-Receptor related protein (LRP). It modulates the receptor binding of lipoproteins, with the apolipoprotein E found on cell surfaces as its component, thus serving an important role in the lipid metabolism by carrying out the intracellular transport of cholesterol in lipoproteins. The gene for apolipoprotein E is the product of three common genotypes as well as many more rare alleles. The common genotypes are ε2, ε3, and ε4, and are expressed in the three phenotype isoforms of E2, E3, and E4. In the event that E4 is the main component, a rise in the cholesterol level, as the result of down-regulation of the LDL receptor, is observed. Therefore, those samples with E4 genotypes are known to be in much higher risk of coronary artery disease than those with ε3/ε3, while those with ε2 are in low risk (with the exception of hypertiglyceremai Ⅲ). The aim of this study is to analyze in patients with ischemic heart disease the role of aplipoprotein E alleles in order to seek its correlation with coronary artery disease, as well as to seek whether the polymorphism of apo E produces any differences in the severity of coronary artery disease according to plasma lipid levels. Methods: The subjects for study were 273 patients admitted to the Internal Cardiology Division of the Soonchunhyang University Hospital form December 1998 to February 1999. The subjects were divided into the two groups of which one was ischemic heart disease (IHD) experiment group totaling 105 (avg.60.1 years of age, male/female ratio = 69/36) and the control group totaling 168 (avg. 59.7 years of age, male/female = 73:95). The coronary angiogram was given to 127 subjects, and of this total, 94 have developed significant stenosis in the coronary artery. The stages of the analyzing of the apo E phenotype was first, the separation of DNA from the blood samples, subjecting it to the PCR from with 228 base pairs of expanded products were obtained. The band was determined by means of the reverse hybridization principle on the nitrocellulose strip. Results: From the 105 patients the distributions of apo E phenotypes were as follows: ε3/2(5.7%), ε4/2(1.9%), ε3/3(70%), ε4/3(20%), ε4/4(1.9%). The relative frequencies of each allele are as follow: ε2 (0.038), ε3 (0.833), ε4 (0.128). The results show as follows: ⅰ) The IHD experiment group to have a higher occurrence of ε4/3 phenotypes as well as ε4 alleles than the control group. ⅱ) Both the control group and IHD group showed the largest distribution of ε3/3 for phenotypes, and ε4 for alleles. ⅲ) The IHD group showed less ε2/3 phenotypes as well as significantly less allele frequency of ε3 in comparison to the control group. ⅳ) the IHD group showed a much lower level of HDL in comparison to the control group, while the LDL was significantly higher; samples including the apo ε2 showed a significantly higher level of HDL than those without. Among the control group, samples including apo ε2 showed a significantly higher level of TG (triglyceride) than samples without. No significant difference was found between the experiment apo ε4 sample and the control plasma lipid sample. ⅴ) No significant correlation was found between an apo E polynorphism and the number of involved arteries of a coronary angiogram. Conclusion: Between the experiment IHD group and control group were found differences in the frequency of alleles. The polymorphism of apo E alleles may contribute as a risk factor to the development of heart disease by involving itself in the metabolism and modulation of plasma lipids.