직업교육에서의 교양교육 강화 연구 ― 폴리텍대학을 중심으로

강현희 한국교양교육학회 2017 교양교육연구 Vol.11 No.6

디지털 기술을 기반으로 한 3차, 4차 산업혁명은 폴리텍대학의 직업교육에도 변화를 요구하고 있다. 디지털시대, 지식기반시대의 직무는 특정 분야의 전문능력 뿐 아니라 일반적이고 보편적인 능력과 특히 지식을 습득하고 활용, 창출하는 능력을 요구한다. 폴리텍 대학의 교육 목표인 다기능기술자는 제조분야의 지식기술자로서 기술자와 기능인을 매개하는 직무를 수행한다. 이 직무 역시 관련분야의 전문능력 뿐 아니라 기초능력, 조직능력 등 다양한 직무에 적용할 수 있는 일반능력이 필요하다. 일반능력은 교양교육의 영역으로 4년제 대학이나 일반전문대학에서는 이미 정보화시대, 지식기반시대의 대비차원에서 교양교육을 강화하고 있다. 그러나 폴리텍 대학은 교양교육과 관련하여 아직 변화를 보이지 않고 있다. 이에 다양한 환경요인들을 통하여 폴리텍 대학의 직업교육의 변화 필요성과 그 과정에서 교양교육의 강화 필요성을 강조하고자 하였다. 이론적 배경으로 교양교육 개념의 일반교육적 성격을 논하고, 직업교육에서 교양교육에 영향을 주는 환경요인으로 첫째, 3차, 4차 산업혁명시대로의 전환, 둘째, 직업교육과 자유교육의 통합, 셋째, 국가직무능력표준과 직업기초능력의 도입 등을 검토하였다. 직업교육에 있어 교양교육은 우선적으로 지식기반형 직업세계의 적응에 기여해야 한다. 이를 위해 교양교육은 다기능근로자의 일반 기초능력의 함양에 주력하며, 인간다운 삶을 위한 인격의 형성과 공동체의 일원으로서의 규범과 가치를 길러주는 일반교육(general education)으로서의 교양교육에 초점을 두었다. 이를 위해 기초필수교양으로 사고력과 의사소통능력, 특히 읽기 쓰기에 집중할 것과 직업기초능력을 내실화할 것, 인성교육과 소양교육을 확대할 것을 제안하였다. 교양교육의 강화를 위한 구체적 방안으로 전국단위의 교양교육 전담기구의 설치, 교과과정의 개편을 통한 졸업학점 축소와 교양이수학점의 확대, 교양교육 기반의 확충 등을 제시하였다. Third and fourth industrial revolutions based on digital technology are also demanding changes in vocational education at Korea Polytechnics. The jobs and tasks of the digital age and knowledge-based era require general and universal skills, and the ability to acquire, utilize and create knowledge in particular, as well as specialized skills in specific areas. Multi-functional technicians, who are the educational goals of Korea Polytechnics, carry out their duties as intermediaries between engineers and functionaries as knowledge engineers in the manufacturing field. They need general skills that can be applied to a variety of tasks, such as basic skills, organizational skills, as well as professional skills in related fields. These skills belong to liberal arts education. So four-year universities and general colleges are already strengthening liberal arts education. However, Korea Politechnics has not yet changed in relation to liberal arts education. So I tried to emphasize the necessity of change in vocational education of Korea Polytechnics and the necessity of strengthening liberal arts education in the process through various environmental factors. As a theoretical background, I discuss the general education characteristics of the concept of liberal arts education, and the environmental factors affecting liberal arts education in the vocational education are as follows: first, transition to the third and fourth industrial revolution era; second, integration of vocational education and liberal education; third, the introduction of National competence standards and occupational skills in vocational education. In vocational education, liberal arts education should primarily contribute to the adaptation of the knowledge-based ear. So the liberal arts education focuses on cultivating the basic abilities of the multi-functional worker, and it supports to form the personality for the human life and raise the norm and value as a member of the community. In particular, I suggest to enhance ability of thinking and communication skills, especially reading and writing, and to improve basic skills, and to expand character education and literacy education. As a concrete measure for strengthening liberal arts education, I suggest the establishment of a nationwide institute for liberal arts education, reduction of graduation credits through reorganization of curriculum, enlargement of liberal arts credits and expansion of foundation of liberal arts education.

수면 클리닉을 내원한 환자에서 폐쇄성수면무호흡의 선별을 위한 베를린 설문의 유용성

강현희,강지영,이상학,문화식,Kang, Hyeon-Hui,Kang, Ji-Young,Lee, Sang-Haak,Moon, Hwa-Sik 대한수면의학회 2011 수면·정신생리 Vol.18 No.2

목 적 : 베를린 설문은 시행이 간편하고 비용이 들지 않아 전 세계적으로 가장 많이 사용되는 폐쇄성수면무호흡의 선별 검사 중 하나이다. 최근까지 다양한 문헌을 통해 베를린 설문의 유용성에 대한 결과가 보고 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 수면 클리닉을 내원한 환자들을 대상으로 폐쇄성수면무호흡을 선별하는 도구로서 베를린 설문의 유용성을 평가하였다. 방 법 : 코골이 및 수면 중 무호흡 등의 증상으로 수면 클리닉을 내원한 121명을 대상으로 베를린 설문 및 수면다원검사를 시행하였다. 전체 분석 대상자를 폐쇄성수면무호흡의 중증도에 따라 인구학적 특성 및 수면다원검사상 수면 변인 및 호흡 변인에 따라 분석하였으며 또한 선별검사로서의 유용성을 평가하기 위해 중증도에 따라 베를린 결과의 민감도, 특이도, 양성 예측도, 음성 예측도 등을 통계 분석하였다. 결 과 : 전체 연구 대상을 폐쇄성수면무호흡의 중증도에 따라 분류하였을 때 정상 25명(20.6%), 경도 30명(25%), 중등도 26명(21.4%), 중증 40명(33%)의 분포를 보였다. 베를린 설문 결과상 고위험군은 84명(69.4%), 저위험군은 37명(30.6%)으로 나타났다. 폐쇄성수면무호흡의 진단에 있어 베를린 설문의 민감도와 특이도는 AHI 5를 기준으로 71.9%, 40%, AHI 15를 기준으로 75.8%, 38.2%, AHI 30을 기준으로 77.5%, 34.6%였으며 정확도는 65.3%였다. 결 론 : 베를린 설문은 수면 클리닉을 방문한 환자를 대상으로 하였을 때 폐쇄성수면무호흡의 선별 도구로서의 유용성은 높지 않았다. Objectives: The Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) has been used to help identify patients at high risk of having sleep apnea in primary care. But it has not been validated in a sleep clinic for Korean patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the BQ as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) for Korean patients in a sleep clinic. Methods: The BQ was prospectively applied to 121 subjects with OSA suspicion who visited to our sleep clinic. All subjects performed overnight polysomnography. OSA was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ${\geq}5$. We investigated the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the BQ according to severity by AHI. Results: In 121 subjects, 73.6% were males, with a mean age of $48.8{\pm}13.0$ years. Twenty-five (20.6%) patients did not have OSA (AHI<5), 30 (25%) patients had mild OSA ($AHI{\geq}5$ and <15), 26 (21.4%) had moderate ($AHI{\geq}15$ and <30), and 40 (33%) had severe OSA ($AHI{\geq}30$). The BQ identified 69.4% of the patients as being at high risk for having OSA. The sensitivity and specificity of the BQ were 71.9% and 40%, for $AHI{\geq}5$, 75.8% and 38.2% for $AHI{\geq}15$, 77.5% and 34.6% for $AHI{\geq}30$, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of the BQ were 82.1% and 27.0% for $AHI{\geq}5$, respectively. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 1.2 and 0.7, and the overall diagnostic accuracy of the BQ was 65.3%, using an AHI cut-off of 5. Conclusion: Due to modest sensitivity and low specificity, the BQ does not seem to be an appropriate tool for identifying patients with obstructive sleep apnea in a sleep clinic population.

Prevalence and Predictors of Nocturia in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

강현희,김성경,김명숙,김승수,이상학,김치홍,문화식 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2012 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.114 No.0

Objective: To evaluation the prevalence and predictors of pathological nocturia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Methods: Retrospective review of clinical and polysomnographic data obtained from patients evaluated at the sleep clinics of the St. Paul`s Hospital between 2009 and 2012. The urinary symptoms were assessed on the basis of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Pathologic nocturia was defined as two or more urination events per night. OSAS was defined as apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥5. A multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between polysomnographic variables and the presence of pathologic nocturia, while controlling for confounding factor. Results: A total of 161 men >18 years of age (mean age 46.66±14.08), who had been referred to a sleep laboratory, were included in the present study. Among these, 27 patients with primary snoring and 134 patients with obstructive sleep apnea were confirmed by polysomnography. Nocturia was found in 53 patients with OSAS (39.5%). The AHI was higher in patients with nocturia than in those without nocturia (P=0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that age (β=0.227, P=0.003), and AHI (β=0.258, P=0.001) were associated with nocturia, and that the presence of pathologic nocturia was predicted by age (OR 1.04; P=0.004) and AHI (OR 1.02; P=0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of nocturia is high among patients with OSAS. The strongest predictors of nocturia are age and AHI in patients with OSAS.

체위성 폐쇄성수면무호흡 환자와 비체위성 폐쇄성수면무호흡환자의 임상적 특징 고찰

강현희,강지영,이상학,문화식,Kang, Hyeon-Hui,Kang, Ji-Young,Lee, Sang-Haak,Moon, Hwa-Sik 대한수면의학회 2012 수면·정신생리 Vol.19 No.1

목 적 : 체위성 수면무호흡은 폐쇄성수면무호흡증으로 진단된 환자에서 앙와위 수면시 apnea-hypopnea index(AHI)가 비앙와위 수면시 AHI에 비해 2배 이상인 경우로 정의하며, 일반적으로 전체 폐쇄성수면무호흡 환자의 56%로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 수면 클리닉을 방문하여 폐쇄성수면무호흡을 진단 받은 환자 중 체위성 수면무호흡의 발생빈도를 알아보고, 체위 의존성에 따른 수면무호흡의 임상 소견 및 수면다원검사를 비교 분석하였다. 방 법 : 코골이 및 목격되는 무호흡으로 내원하여 AHI가 5 이상이면서 앙와위 및 비앙와위 수면 시간이 15분 이상이고, 앙와위 시 AHI가 비앙와위시 AHI에 비하여 2배 이상인 경우를 체위성 수면무호흡으로, 그렇지 않은 경우를 비체위성 수면무호흡으로 분류하였다. 체위 의존성 여부에 따라 인구학적 특성과 수면다원검사에서 나타난 수면 변인 및 호흡 변인을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 폐쇄성수면무호흡으로 진단된 101명 중에서 체위성 수면무호흡 환자는 76명(75.2%), 비체위성 수면무호흡 환자는 25명(24.8%)이었다. 폐쇄성수면무호흡의 중증도별로 체위성 수면무호흡의 유무에 따라 발생빈도가 통계적으로 유의하게 차이가 있었으며, 특히 비체위성 수면무호흡 환자군에서는 중증 환자의 비율이 높았다. 비체위성 수면무호흡환자군이 체위성 환자군에 비하여 체중, 허리둘레, 엉덩이 둘레, 허리-엉덩이 둘레비, 체질량 지수 및 목둘레가 유의하게 더 높았다. 수면다원검사상에서는 체위성 수면무호흡군에서 비교적 수면구조가 잘 유지되었으며 주관적인 졸림도 덜하였다. 비체위성 수면무호흡군에서 체위성 수면무호흡군에 비해 평균산소포화도 및 최저산소포화도가 유의하게 낮았으며 AHI는 통계적으로 유의하게 더 높았다. 결 론 : 폐쇄성수면무호흡 환자중 체위성 수면무호흡 환자의 비율은 75% 정도였으며, 비체위성 수면무호흡 환자에 비해 체위성 수면무호흡 환자는 비만도가 덜 하고 경증 및 중등도의 폐쇄성수면무호흡의 양상을 보이는 것으로 관찰되었다. Objectives: The percentage of positional sleep apnea in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) varies in different reports from 9% to 60%. If there is a positional dependency in patients with OSA, positional therapy alone could be successful in treating about 50% of all OSA cases. The aim of this report is to compare anthropomorphic and polysomnographic data between the positional sleep apnea group and non-positional sleep apnea group with OSA whose conditions were diagnosed in our sleep clinic. Methods: This is a retrospective study of anthropomorphic and polysomnographic data of patients with OSA who was performed a nocturnal polysomnography. Positional sleep apnea was defined as having a supine apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of twice or more compared to the AHI in the non-supine position. The patients were divided in the positional sleep apnea group and the non-positional sleep apnea group. Results: In 101 patients with OSA, 81 were male, and the mean age was $49.2{\pm}11.9$ years. Seventy-six (75.2%) were diagnosed as the positional sleep apnea. Waist to hip ratio and body mass index (BMI) were significantly higher in non-positional sleep apnea group. The frequency of severe OSA was significantly higher in this group. In the positional sleep apnea group, nocturnal sleep quality was better preserved, and consequently these patients were less sleepy during daytime. AHI was significantly lower and minimal arterial oxygen saturation during sleep was significantly higher in this group. Conclusion: The percentage of positional sleep apnea in OSA was 75.2%. AHI, BMI, and waist to hip ratio were lower in the positional sleep apnea group. These patients have less severe breathing abnormalities than the non-positional sleep apnea group in polysomnography.

집합이론에 대한 연구

강현희 안양대학교 인문과학연구소 1998 人文科學硏究 Vol.6 No.1

AbstractTheoretical interest in the abstract properties of nontriadic pitch materials grew stronger with the development of the twelve-tone idea in Vienna, introduced by J.M.Hauer and formulated as a compositional method after 1922 in the music of Arnold Schoenberg. Schoenberg spawned the twelve-tone method and the entries of Anton Webern and Ernst Krenek will be mentioned for their historical significance in the development of atonal theory before 1945. Theoretical and compositional interest in new pitch combinations was by no means unique to the Viennese. In the United State, Henry Cowell discussed tone cluster and in Germany Paul Hindemith constructed an acoustically based theory within the equal-tempered system. In France, Messiaen described new scale structures that he called modes of limited transposition. By 1945 the need for a more systematic treatment of pitch combinations and transformations had become apparent.The response to that need has been the development of the concept of pitch-class set. This concept emerged with the notion of the ordered twelve-tone set, introduced by Milton Babbit. While Babbit suggested compositional theory of atonal music, Allen Forte established analytical method for the atonal music. Forte developed the structure of atonality. In the context and continuity in an atonal work, Forte introduced the pitch-class equivalence, intersection, union, inclusion, complementation and set theory. This study focuses on atonality in concept and the structure of atonality.

조성음악 형식 연구 : 경과부의 전조적 기능

강현희 한국음악학회 2001 한국음악학회논문집 음악연구 Vol.24 No.1

Transition may use an intermediate harmony and also it acts going unto the ultimate desired tonality through sequence, implied harmony and mixture of mode, etc. In order to establish a new key of the second theme, the transition already should contain the V inducing contents for building V of the new key. Every altered note that appears in transition part is used For V only. To make it possible, the transition is naturally to be progressed open in harmony. The transition proceeding to the new key of V is cut in general somewhere before the second theme. The reason why a rest cuts the two parts and then the second theme is started again is for making the units clearly expressed. In order to show a new start of a new theme, you should display the end of the former part. This method is used to make the form clear. The transition that connects two tonalities does function more effectively through modulation. This function is not built always, but the harmony preparation of a new key is rather established well although the modulation is not complete. The first theme is developed by a dependent transition, and a certain comparing atmosphere is composed by an independent transition using a new theme, and the progressive harmonic change acts as transition preparing the second theme. Therefore, the importance of transition is clearly appealed in form. The most required and challenging aspect is a technique of combining two different characters in music articles. Modulation is the very right technique and it appears in the transition among others in such forms.

스포츠 마사지사 국가공인자격 제도의 필요성에 관한 연구

강현희 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.6

The background of this study was that the concern about sport massage in sport industry has been increasing and the need for sport massage in fitness conditioning has been also enlarged. The purpose of this study was to investigate the need of the certificate of qualifying sportmassagist by the government based on the correct knowledge through the analysis of the real situation in Korea and cognition survey. The methods adapted to the study were both literature investigation and cognition analysis. The results of cognition analysis were the following: First, the analysis of Anma-massage showed that 1) most men received Anma-massage 2) they received it, for the most part, in order to recover their fatigue 3) the majority of them were satisfied after receiving it 4) but they thought of it as unsound. Second, the analysis of sport massage showed that 1) mostly both the male and the male-players received sport massage 2) they received it, for the most part, in order to recover their fatigue and make the pain easier in their muscles 3) the majority of them were satisfied after receiving it 4) and they thought of it as sound. Third, the analysis of effectiveness of sport massage showed that 1) most subjects were positive about sport massage 2) they were satisfied to a great degree after receiving sport massage 3) the majority felt the sense of rest in mental 4) they experienced the sense of human relationship with the massagist 5) most subjects considered that human relationship with the massagist might increase the degree of satisfaction of the effect of sport massage. Fourth, the analysis of difference between Anma-massage and sport massage showed that 1) most subjects thought that they should go to sport massage center when feeling a pain in the muscle 2) the majority considered that Anma-massage was one thing, and sport massage was quite another 3) most subjects wanted that the number of sport massage center should be increased in the future 4) they supported, for the most part, that the qualifying system of sport massagist certified by the Government should be made. Upon obtaining above results, the following conclusive statements were made. The analysis of the actual conditions in Korea showed that sport massage business in Korea is being carried out in an illegal manner, for example, such immoral conduct as harlotry and unjust medical treatment and so forth is now prevailing here and there. The reasons of these unjust conditions might result from the lack of correct knowledge about sport massage and the absence of a certificate of qualification of sport massagist under the application of a law. The government and those in authority have not realized yet the importance of sport massage in sport Therefore, the laws about sport massage business should be made, carried out, and reinforced as well as those in authority should take sanctions against unlawful business style. Most of all, in order to resolve the current problems and make sport massage developed in our country, a certificate of qualifying sport massagist certified by the Government should be absolutely necessary.

Disciplinary Session 1 / Sport Philosophy / Values and Ethics in Sport : 스포츠에서의 성차별과 남녀평등의 이상

강현희,황영조,이승규 ( Hyun Hee Kang,Young Jo Hwang,Seung Gyu Lee ) 한국체육학회 1998 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.1998 No.1

비례그래프를 이용한 무조음악 분석법

강현희 연세대학교 음악연구소 2011 음악이론포럼 Vol.18 No.-

This paper shows how do pitch and rhythmic structures interacts in the Webern atonal music to produce a coherent and unified work. This is an interesting and difficult problem to approach. Because of there is no Webern's characteristic routine at the surface level of his music. However it will be shown that beneath the complex surface exists a considerable degree of regularity. This paper shows the proportional graph. Its purpose is to present rhythmic structure in the clearest possible way, detached from ordinary notation with its bias toward traditional interpretation. From the proportional graph and A-R partition, we see the correspondences and relations of various types demonstrated in the atonal composition of Webern. Using the composite segmentation, the pitch class set structure of the atonal work is related to the fundamental rhythmic structures of the work. The composite segmentation represents the harmonic components of the music at the absolute surface level and the segmentation which may take into account than the single voice, which does not encompass the total texture from top th bottom for any segment, and which may involve overlappings. The pitch-class set inclusion relations match the pattern of proportional relations set out in the basic rhythmic structure pattern. The proportion is quite explicitly reflected by the partition. The relations among pitch-class sets in terms of intersections, unions, complements have structural analogues in the relations among rhythmic formations in terms of combinations and partitions of duration. Proportional graph and A-R partition are the tool of atonal music and rhythm structure analysis. we can see the relation between pitch and rhythm at the surface level. However we can look forward to see the further study of pitch and rhythm relation at the middle ground or background level.

Occurrence and risk characterization of non-nutritive sweeteners in selected food products from Korea

강현희,윤충인,Shinai Choi,오금순,김영준 한국식품과학회 2022 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.31 No.1

Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are food additives that impart a sweet taste to food product with lower calories. Acesulfame potassium, aspartame, sodium saccharin, sucralose, steviol glycosides and enzymatically modified stevia are permitted in Korea. The study established the method of each NNS and applied it to each food items consumed in Korea. For risk assessments, the estimated daily intake (EDI) value for each NNS was calculated. EDI values of NNS were compared directly with each ADI (acceptable daily intake). The total estimated daily intake ranges by age compared with the % ADI were 0.12–0.53, 0.93–1.68, 0.05–0.20, 0.06–0.42 and 0.17–0.98% for acesulfame potassium, sodium saccharin, aspartame, sucralose and sum of stevioside and rebaudioside A, which were based on the overall averages. It can be concluded that the daily dietary intake of each of the five NNS is at a safe level when considered as a proportion of the ADI.