식염 및 지방을 함유한 분쇄돈육의 이화학적 성상 및 최종가열온도 측정을 위한 근장단백질의 이용

강상미,진구복,조수현,이종문 한국동물자원과학회 2004 한국축산학회지 Vol.46 No.1

Processed meats, such as a ground meat and hamburger patty, are required to ensure that no pathogens remain in the final products. However, there was no rapid method available to verify that the recommended end-point cooking temperature(EPT) was reached. Thus, the objective of this study was to rapidly determine EPT of ground pork hams using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE), based on the disappearance of sarcoplasmic proteins after cooking. Fresh pork hams were added two levels of salt(0, 2%) and fat(15, 25%) combinations, and stored in refrigerator overnight, and cooked to internal cooking temperatures of 64℃ to 74℃ with 2℃ increments. Cooked pork hams were measured cooking loss(CL, %), protein solubility(PS) and SDS-PAGE. CL(%) was reduced with the addition of 2% salt, as compared to the control, regardless of fat contents. It was also increased with increasing cooking temperature. Protein solubility was affected by the cooking temperature, resulting in reduced PS up to 64℃(P<0.05), but remained constant higher than 68℃. In SDS-PAGE analysis, protein bands with the molecular weights of 36 and 66 kDa were affected by the addition of salt and fat combinations, regardless of treatments. These protein fractions were decreased gradually with increased cooking temperatures up to 68℃~70℃ and might be good indicators for the determination of EPT in ground pork hams.

한국도예에 내재된 “쓰임(用)의 가치”에 관한 탐구

강상미 ( Sangmi Kang ) 이화여자대학교 도예연구소 2019 陶藝硏究 Vol.- No.28

과거에는 동서양을 막론하고 삶에 필요한 일상의 모든 물건을 제작하는 것이 당연한 공예의 사명이면서 확실한 정체성이었다. 그러나 산업혁명을 맞이하면서 당연한 것이었던 공예의 역할과 정체성에 대한 혼란이 시작되었다. 이러한 현상은 한국도예에서 더욱 두드러진다. 한국도예는 오랜 과거로부터 생활 속에서 쓰임(用)으로의 정체성이 확실한 수준 높은 공예를 실현했던 나라 중 하나였다. 그러나 일제강점기와 6.25전쟁 등 혼란의 근대기를 거치면서 과거의 생활 속 쓰임(用)으로서의 한국도예는 우리의 일상미감을 반영하지 못한 채 전통과 현대, 전승공예와 미술공예, 장인과 예술가라는 이중적 구조를 만들었다. 한국도예는 1960년대 이후 대학에 도예과가 편성 되면서 현대적인 조형교육을 받은 도예인구가 급격히 늘어났다. 이들은 주로 대한민국미술대전을 비롯한 정부와 민간주도의 공모전을 통해 작품을 평가 받거나 전시회를 통해 발표를 하는 것이 주요활동 방법이었다. 당시 대학교육에서의 도예는 생활 속 쓰임(用)으로서의 기능이나 공예행위에 대한 철학적 가치보다 형태와 조형미에 대한 탐구에 집중하였으며 이후 해외 유학파의 영향으로 오브제 형식의 미술공예가 주류를 이루었다. 이렇게 한국도예는 서양현대미술의 영향을 받아 도예에 미술적인 개념과 정의에 바탕을 두고 발전이 되어 온 반면, 생활 속 쓰임(用)으로서 일상미감을 반영하는 공예는 소외되어왔다. 산업혁명 이후 동서양을 막론하고 공예에서 “쓰임(用)”이란 단어는 혼란과 딜레마의 키워드임이 틀림없다. 그러나 현재는 이러한 혼란스러운 개념을 정리하기 위해 공예의 본질적인 가치를 찾으려는 담론이 활발하게 펼쳐지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 개화기 이후 전문적인 조형교육을 받은 도예교육 안에서 생활 속 쓰임(用)으로의 도예가 존재한 방식을 알아보고, 현재의 도예상황을 살펴 우리의 생활 속에서 어떠한 도예의 가치를 필요로 하는지 찾고자 한다. 방법으로 먼저, 1960년대 대학교육의 도입 이후부터 국전, 전시를 통한 도예가의 활동방식이 현재에는 전시가 줄고 페어와 비엔날레로 변화하는 점을 주목하고 그 과정을 살펴 일상미감을 반영하는 생활 속 쓰임(用)으로서의 공예가 가지는 가치의 중요성에 대해 강조하고자 한다. 다음은 윌리엄 모리스(William Morris)의 미술공예운동, 야나기 무네요시의 민예운동, 독일의 바우하우스, 현재 유행하고 있는 북유럽의 공예정신에 대한 고찰을 통해 오늘날 한국도예에서 요구되는 현대적인 삶의 방식으로 침투시키기 위한 현실적인 접근 방법에 대해 모색해본다. 공예는 물건이면서 가치이다. 공예는 그 나라의 생활문화를 대표하는 중요한 키워드이므로 우리의 일상미감이 반영 된 한국공예의 정체성에 대한 연구와 발전은 디지털 시대인 21세기에 한국도예에서 찾고 있는 중요한 가치라고 생각한다. In the past, it was a mission and a solid identity of craftsmanship to produce all the everyday objects needed for life in both, the East and West. But as the Industrial ReVolution struck, confusion began over the role and identity of craft. This phenomenon is more pronounced in the Korean art. While Korea is one of the few countries where a high-quality craftsmanship from the past has survived. The Japanese colonial rule and the Korean War, the two most chaotic events in the modern history of Korea, twisted both the traditional and modern sense of beauty in our daily lives, resulting in a dual structure such as modernity vs. tradition, crafts vs. arts, and craftsmen vs. artists. Since the 1960s, the number of potters with a modern modeling education has sharply increased as the department of pottery was established in universities. Their activities were evaluated or presented by exhibitions, mostly in the from of government and-private contests, including the Korea Art Exhibition. At that time, potteries focused more on the quest for form, not the philosophical value of the art and craftsmanship as a function of life, and later, under the influence of overseas study groups, art craftsmen in the form of an object. In this way, Korean art has developed the artistic concepts and definitions in pottery under the influence of Western and contemporary art, while craft carrying everyday aesthetics as a way of being used in life has marginalized. After the Industrial ReVolution, the word “use” became the keyword for confusion and dilemma in craftsmanship in both the East and West. However, there is now a lively discussion to find the intrinsic value of craft to sort out these confusing concepts. In this study, we want to find out the way in which pottery art existed in everyday life in the potter’s education, and to look at the current pottery situation in order to find out the values we need in our life. First of all, I want to note the fact that the style of the potter’s activities through the national exhibitions since the introduction of college education in the 1960s has decreased and changed into pairs and biennale, and highlight the importance of the value of craftsmanship as a living use reflecting everyday aesthetics by looking at the process. The following explores the realistic approach of penetrating the modern way of life required for modern Korean art through the consideration of William Morris’s art and craft movement, Yanagi Muneishi’s folk art movement, Germany’s Bauhaus and Northern Europe’s craft spirit. Craft is both an object and a value. Craft is an important keyword representing the country’s living culture, so I think the research and development of the identity of Korean crafts reflected by our daily feelings is an important value that we are looking for in Korean arts in the 21st century, the digital age.

Effect of Alicyclic Monomers on Thermal Properties of Transparent Biodegradable Polyesters

안지수,강상미,김민경,김예진,윤기철,박오옥 한국고분자학회 2016 Macromolecular Research Vol.24 No.7

Amorphous biodegradable copolyesters have been synthesized using various alicyclic monomers, including 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), 1,4-cyclohexanediol (CHDO), isosorbide (1,4:3,6-dianhidro-D-sorbitol) (IS), and 1,4-cyclohexane dicaboxylic acid (CHDA), to enhance the thermal properties of polyesters. We have studied the effect of alicyclic monomers on the thermal properties, especially, on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the amorphous copolyesters. On incorporating alicyclic diol monomers into poly(ethylene succinate-co-terephthalate) (PEST), Tg of amorphous copolyesters was greatly increased. As the rigidity of alicyclic monomers increases, the effect becomes more significant. By comparing copolyesters synthesized with the same molar ratio of alicyclic monomers in the feed, we found that the molar ratio of IS in the copolyester product was much smaller than those of CHDM and CHDO. Nonetheless, IS induced the largest Tg enhancement in copolyesters even though a much smaller molar ratio of IS was incorporated in the product compared to CHDM and CHDO. To study the effects of alicyclic diacid monomers, copolyesters containing CHDA were synthesized. As in the case of alicyclic diols, CHDA was found to be very effective in enhancing the thermal properties. Among these copolyesters produced, PEI30ST synthesized with 30 mol% of succinic acid (SA) and 70 mol% of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) as diacid and 30 mol% of IS as diol exhibited the highest Tg of 74.2 oC. And poly(ethylene-co-CHDM succinate-co-terephthalate) (PEC30ST70) and poly(ethylene-co-IS succinate-co-terephthalate) (PEI30ST70) exhibited high optical transmittance and were confirmed to be biodegradable, exhibiting about 50% and 40% biodegradability, respectively, after 50 days in a biodegradability test under compost conditions. Hence, these novel transparent biodegradable polyesters could be highly useful in flexible packaging applications requiring transparency.

황금작약탕이 DSS로 유발된 궤양성 대장염 생쥐 모델에 미치는 영향 : 장내 대사물질 변화를 포함하여

윤차경,강상미,손선아,유양희,김은주,손홍석,설재욱,나창수 대한한의학방제학회 2023 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

Background : To investigate the effect of Hwanggeumjackyak-tang (HJT) on Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced ulcerative colitis. Methods : The experimental animals were divided into three groups; group 1, normal group(Normal); group 2, DSS-induced colitis and untreated group(UT+DSS); group 3, DSS-induced colitis and HJT 200 mg-treated group(HJT200+DSS). We evaluated cytotoxicity after HJT administration and confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect by histological changes in the intestine and genetic analysis of mucosal cells after HJT administration for each group. In addition, microbiological weapons and metabolites in faeces were examined, and the correlation between gut microbiome and metabolites was also investigated. Result : HJT was not observed to be cytotoxic, even at relatively high concentrations, and was effective in protecting the barrier and preventing intestinal inflammation by suppressing the increase in mucus secretion and the expression of inflammatory factors in mucosal cells. HJT treatment affected the increase in the amount and diversity of the gut microbiome in faeces and the increase in metabolites thought to be involved in alleviating inflammation in the gut. Conclusion : This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of HJT in ulcerative colitis. Further studies should be carried out to confirm our findings. Acknowledgement : This research was supported by a Korea Innovation Foundation (INNIPOLIS) grant funded by the Korean government (Ministry of Science and ICT) through a science and technology project that opens the future of the region (grant number: 2021-DD-UP-0380).

합의적 평가기법을 이용한 한국과 미국 교사들의 음악창작평가 결과 비교 연구

박은실,강상미 한국음악교육학회 2017 학술세미나 및 연수회 Vol.2017 No.-

A Cross-Cultural Examination of Music Compositions in South Korea and the United States: A Pilot Study

박은실,강상미 한국음악교육학회 2020 음악교육연구 Vol.49 No.4

In this pilot study, we cross-culturally examined notation-based music compositions of upper-level elementary students in South Korea and the U.S. using the ratings of judges from both countries. Research participants were 32 South Korean and 35 U.S. upper-grade elementary students. After taking four weeks of music composition sessions, the students composed 8 measures of melody. Students’ music compositions were judged using the Consensual Assessment Technique. As a result, we did not find statistically significant differences by these variables. But when we conduct further analysis of twelve high and low scored compositions in creativity in both countries, there were remarkable differences. Music compositions with high creativity manifested various sound potions, development/ contrast, and organization/structure. Low creativity groups has limited sound options and simplicity/repetition. But adoption of pre-existing melody was found only in Korean low-creativity composition.

젖산나트륨과 키토산을 첨가한 저지방 기능성 소시지의 냉장 저장 중의 품질 및 저장성 증진 효과

국성호,최순희,강상미,박성용,진구복 한국축산식품학회 2003 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 젖산나트륨과 분자량에 따른 키토산을 저지방 기능성 소시지의 제조 시 첨가하여 냉장 저장 중 물리화학적 및 조직적인 성상과 항균효과에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해서 실시하였으며 락색소를 첨가하여 아질산염과 대체할 수 있는 발색효과를 나타내는지 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 제조한 저지방 기능성 소시지의 일반성분을 분석한 결과 수분 76-78, 지방 1~2 그리고 단백질은 14~15%의 수준이었다. 각 처리구별 pH는 6.37~6.50 범위였으며 냉장 저장중의 뚜렷한 변화는 보이지 않았다. 중분자 키토산을 첨가한 처리구의 보수력이 저분자와 고분자 키토산 처리구보다 낮았으나 저분자와 고분자 키토산의 처리구 사이에서는 차이를 보이지 않았으며 저장기간 중에 보수력은 차이가 없었다 (p>0.05). 젖산나트륨의 첨가에 의한 진공감량은 증가하였으나 0.3%의 키토산 첨가에 의하여 진공감량의 차이는 상쇄되었고, 냉장 저장 중의 진공감량은 대체적으로 증가하였다. 키토산 첨가에 의한 명도와 황색도가 낮았으며 락색소를 0.05% 첨가한 처리구의 적색도는 아질산염 75와 150 ppm 사이였다. 냉장 저장기간 동안에 명도와 적색도는 차이가 없었으며 황색도는 저장기간이 길어질수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 젖산나트륨에 저분자와 중분자 키토산을 각각 첨가한 처리구는 아질산염을 75와 150 ppm을 첨가한 대조구에 비하여 경도와 탄력성에서 높았으며 중분자의 경우 탄력성, 검성 및 저작성에서 다른 처리구들과 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 젖산나트륨의 첨가에 의한 Listeria monocytogenes에 대한 유의차는 있었으나(p<0.05) 키토산 첨가에 의한 상승효과는 없었다. 저장기간 중에 아질산염 75나 150 ppm을 첨가한 처리구의 경우 3주후에 $10^{6}$ CFU/g이상을 기록한 반면, 젖산나트륨과 키토산을 첨가할 경우 4~5주 후에 $10^{6}$CFU/g이상이 나타나 저장기간을 1~2주간 연장시킬 수 있었다. 하지만 Salmonella typhimurium과 E. coli O157:H7의 병원성 미생물은 냉장조건의 저장기간 중에 감소하는 추세를 보임으로써 저지방 기능성 소시지의 경우 냉장저장이 필수적이라고 사료된다. 결론적으로 젖산나트륨과 키토산을 첨가한 처리구의 항 미생물적 효과는 아질산염 75나 150ppm을 첨가한 처리구보다 훨씬 높았고 젖산나트륨에 중분자 키토산을 첨가한 처리구는 대부분의 조직적 성상에서 다른 처리구들보다 높았으며, 락색소에 의한 발색효과는 아질산염 75에서 150 ppm 사이로서 일부는 대체가 가능하였으나 완전 대체는 불가한 것으로 나타났다. This study was peformed to evaluate physico-chemical and textural properties, and shelf-life effect of low-fat functional sausages(LFFS) manufactured with sodium lactate(SL), lac color and various molecular weights of chitosans(low=1.5 kDa, medium=30∼40 kDa and high=200 kDa) during storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks. LFFS had a pH range of 6.39∼6.50, 76∼78% moisture, <2% fat, 14∼15% protein. The combination of SL and low molecular weight(MW) of chitosan improved water holding capacity(WHC), however those of SL and medium MW of chitosan reduced WHC. Vacuum purge(VP) reduced with increased MW of chitosans during refrigerated storage. The addition of chitosans reduced the lightness and yellowness, but increased the redness values, which was comparable to the sodium nitrite concentration between 75 and 150 ppm. LFFS containing SL and medium MW of chitosan increased most texture profile analysis(TPA) values, as compared to controls with 75 and 150 ppm. The addition of SL in LFFS retarded the microbial growth for Listeria monocytogenes, however no synergistic effect with the addition of chitosans were observed. E coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium reduced during refrigerated storage, regardless of SL and chitosan treatments. Increased storage time increased values for VP, yellowness and textural properties. These results indicated that the combination of SL and various MW of chitosans affected the functional and textural properties, and inhibited the microbial growth for LM effectively. In addition, 0.5% lac color as a replacer for sodium nitrite improved the color development, resulting in similar hunter color values, which was comparable to the sodium nitrite concentration between 75 and 150 ppm.

젖산나트륨과 키토산을 첨가한 저지방 기능성 소시지의 냉장 저장 중의 품질 및 저장성 중진 효과

국성호,최순희,강상미,박성용,진구복,Guk, Seong-Ho,Choe, Sun-Hui,Gang, Sang-Mi,Park, Seong-Yong,Jin, Gu-Bok 한국육가공협회 2003 肉加工 Vol.28 No.-

영상처리 및 제스처 인식을 이용한 유아 교육용 로봇

안진호(Jin-Ho Ahn),김희철(Hee-Chul Kim),박지웅(Ji-Woong Park),강상미(Sang-mi Kang),박광현(Kwang-Hyun Park) 한국HCI학회 2012 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1

본 논문에서는 마커와 제스처 인식을 통한 유아교육용 로봇을 개발하였다. AR 마커는 사물의 영어 단어 맞추기, QR 코드는 AR 마커에서 인식된 단어에 해당하는 사물 그림의 퍼즐 맞추기 등을 통하여 유아의 지각 능력을 향상시키게 하였다. 제스처 인식은 유아가 직접 알파벳 모양의 그림을 손으로 그리면서 알파벳이 어려운 글씨가 아닌 그림으로 인지하게 하여 영어에 대한 거리감을 좁힘으로써 단순히 시각 위주의 교육 방법이 아닌 몸으로 하는 흥미위주의 교육 콘텐츠를 개발하였다. 또한 위치인식 기술을 사용하여 특정 명령에 따라 로봇이 이동한 후 초기 위치로 복귀할 수 있도록 하여 유아의 시선에서 이탈하지 않도록 하였다. This paper presents the development of an early childhood education robot using gesture recognition and image processing. To enhance cognitive ability, AR markers are adopted in English words matching and QR codes are used in jigsaw puzzles for an object recognized from AR markers. By drawing a picture of alphabets on the air using one hand and utilizing gesture recognition techniques, the alphabets can be considered as a picture, not a difficult text, and children can be closer to English. Based on this approach, we developed attractive education contents using body opposed to multimedia education. In addition, our robot can return to the initial position after movement according to a specific command, and therefore can stay in the area of children's view.

황금, 어성초를 배합한 익수영진고가미 한약재배합물의 베타글루칸, 진세노사이드 함량, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl Free Radical 소거 활성, 항염 활성 및 안전성 연구

김명훈 ( Myeong-hun Kim ),문양선 ( Yang-seon Moon ),강상미 ( Sang-mi Kang ),김형석 ( Heyong-seok Kim ),김선종 ( Seon-jong Kim ),나창수 ( Chang-su Na ) 한방재활의학과학회 2022 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the beta-glucan & ginsenoside content, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect and safety of herbal medicine mix. Methods The marker compounds contents, antioxidant activity and safety of herbal medicine mix were tested. The contents of beta-glucan and ginsenoside Rg3 were measured, the antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, anti-inflammatory and a safety test was conducted via single dose toxicity assessment. Results Analyzing the contents of marker compounds showed 362.3 mg/g of beta- glucan, and 0.4184 mg/g of ginsenoside Rg3. In the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the IC50 of herbal medicine mix, was 0.146%. The scavenging activity of herbal medicine mix was 88.28% activity at 0.5% concentration, and 90.61% activity at 5% concentration. In the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) anti-inflammatory test, the herbal remix showed a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin- 6 (IL-6) compared to the LPS-induced group. In the single dose toxicity test of herbal medicine mix, a dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight (BW) was set at its highest capacity and observed after oral administration to female and male rats. No toxicological findings were recognized. It was observed that the resulting lethal dose can be set to 2,000 mg/kg BW or higher for both females and males. Conclusions The results of the experiment on herbal medicine mix showed that the marker compounds contents were beta-glucan and ginsenoside Rg3, that antioxidant activity was observed through the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, anti-inflammatory effect was observed through TNF-α and IL-6 measurement, and safety was confirmed through the single dose toxicity assessment. (J Korean Med Rehabil 2022;32(2):1-17)