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강경완 일본어문학회 2014 일본어문학 Vol.65 No.-
「取り消し」「キャンセル」「解約」を例に類義語記述において均衡コーパスを用いることが効果的であるということを母語話者の使用意識と辞書的意味との比較を通して検討した。BCCWJに現れた使用頻度、コロケーションとテクストの種類に注目した用例調査の結果、次のような類義語間の違いが分かった。 (1)母語話者の使用意向においては、「キャンセル」が「取り消し」「解約」に比べて使いたいという意識が最も高く、「取り消し」と「解約」の間には明確な差がなかった。しかし、頻度においては「取り消し」> 「キャンセル」>「解約」の結果になり、使用実態は使用意向と一致しなかった。これに対して理解用意性においては、「取り消し」> 「キャンセル」> 「解約」の順番で意識(使用意向)と頻度(使用実態)が一致した。 (2)使用テクストにおいては、「取り消し」の場合、法律(>ウェブ>書籍)で「キャンセル」「解約」はウェブ(>書籍>雑誌>広報誌)で最も良く使われる。意味においては、「取り消し」の場合、典型的には「指定」「登録」などの法律行為を対象にしており、周辺的には「入札」「出品」などの競売行為を対象にする。辞書的意味の「過去に言及したこと」は用例が非常に少ない。「キャンセル」は「取引」「入札」等の商行為を対象にするのが目立っており、「予定や約束」を対象にすることもある。「解約」は辞書的意味の契約(「契約」「保険」「預金」)と賃貸借(「賃貸借」)が対象のほとんどを占めている。
강경완,정연욱,이영중 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2016 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.17 No.1
In an attempt to improve the electrochemical performance of Li2MnO3 cathode, Cr and V are substituted for Mn via anaqueous reduction reaction followed by heating in air. Li3VO4 and Li2CrO4 impurities in the as-prepared Li2[Mn1-2xCrxVx]O3(0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) samples are removed by washing with deionized (DI) water. Although the washed samples have deficientmetal contents, monoclinic layered structures are obtained. Li1.596[Mn0.806Cr0.181V0.013]O3 has a composite phase ofLi2MnO3 • LiCrO2 • LiVO2 • Li4Mn5O12 and can deliver more than 225mAh/g of discharge capacity above 2.5 V vs. Li at 10 mA/g. Structural changes due to the oxygen loss are minimized, and excellent cycle performance and rate capability have been achieved.
사회⋅문화적 의미의 통시적 변화 -명치⋅대정(明治⋅大正)시대와 현대의 「日本人」「現代人」「普通の人」비교를 통해-
강경완 한국일본언어문화학회 2013 일본언어문화 Vol.24 No.-
This paper is trying to quantitatively prove Diachronic change of socioculturalmeaning-through comparing Meiji⋅Taisho era using corpus of individual word. Thisis the summary of investigation. (1) Negative discoursive meaning tendency hold a large majority in NIHONJIN(“Japanese”)of Meiji⋅Taisho era and positive meaning tendency is extremely rare. I could suppose from discursive meaning tendency of “having bad habit”, “not equalto Europe and the United States”, “do not coexist with others”, “incompetent⋅ignorant”, etc vesting in NIHONJIN(“Japanese”) of Meiji⋅Taisho era, there issociocultural meaning of “being inferior”. This reflect of Japanese, which wasgrowing a modern nation, longing for and inferiority to the West. (2) GENDAIJIN(“contemporary man”) of Meiji⋅Taisho era has a very negativesociocultural meaning, “being who has lost original humanity”, like modern times. but on the one hand has a positive sociocultural meaning, “new”, which is nonexistentin modern times. and this means that social value of positive looking at contemporaryman still existed until Meiji⋅Taisho era. (3) Sociocultural meaning of FUTSU NO HITO(“ordinary man”), “being ordinarycould be sympathetically accepted”, which is typical meaning of modern times, isnot exist in Meiji⋅Taisho era. Meanwhile, in proportional respect, the discursivemeaning tendency “people who do not has any special ability or experience” is high,on the other hand “people who lead steady lives” is nonexistent in Meiji⋅Taishoera. This gap reflects that social value of looking at ordinary person is changingpositively by degrees as time advanced from Meiji⋅Taisho era to modern times.
코퍼스 기반 의미기술 방법에 관한 연구 -유의어 ‘怖い’ ‘恐ろしい’의 경우-
강경완 국제언어문학회 2021 國際言語文學 Vol.- No.50
본고에서는 유의어 ‘怖い’ ‘恐ろしい’의 구별을 예로 코퍼스에 나타난 대규모의 용례와 문맥을 기반으로 한 의미기술 방법에 관해 특히 연어적 패턴에 주목하여 검토했다. ‘怖い/恐ろしい+名詞’의 연체수식과 ‘名詞が+怖い’ ‘名詞 の+恐ろしい’의 술어형식을 중심으로 ‘副詞+怖い/恐ろしい’ ‘怖くて/恐ろ しくて+動詞’의 부사수식 절, 동사를 수식하는 연용형식이 ‘怖い’ ‘恐ろしい’ 의 주요 문법패턴임을 밝히고 패턴별 의미특징의 차이를 다음과 같이 추출했다. 1) ‘怖い/恐ろしい+名詞’의 경우, ‘怖い’가 人物, ストーリ, 容貌, イメー ジ, 病気, 乗り物 등의 성격이나 성질, 내용이나 분위기가 초래하는 공포감을나타내는 데 반해 ‘恐ろしい’는 魔物, 結末, 真実, 事件, 災害, 苦痛, 行為, 物 質, 制度, 唸り声, 叫び声 등의 힘이나 위세, 위력으로부터 느끼는 공포감을나타낸다. 2) ‘名詞が+怖い’‘名詞の+恐ろしい’의 경우 ‘怖い’가 力, 勢い, 威力, 性格, 性質, 内容, 雰囲気 등 상대적으로 넓은 영역의 공포감을 나타내는 데 반해‘恐ろしい’는 災難, 災害로부터 오는 제한된 공포감을 나타낸다. 3) 술어동사를 수식하는 ‘怖くて/恐ろしくて+動詞’의 경우, ‘怖くて+可 能動詞の否定形’‘恐ろしくて+~できない’등의 패턴으로 두려움이나 공포감에 의한 불가능함과 한계를 나타낸다. 4)부사의 수식을 받는 ‘副詞+怖い/恐ろしい’의 경우, ‘怖い’가 공포감의정도나 변화를 평가하는 데 반해 ‘恐ろしい’는 위압감과 경외감의 크기로부터느끼는 감탄의 심경을 표현한다. In this paper, the distinction between synonyms KOWAI, OSOROSII was examined as an example of the method of semantic description based on the corpus. In the case of ‘KOWAI/OSOROSII+NOUN’, whereas KOWAI expresses the fear evoked by the character, nature, content, or atmosphere of a person, story, appearance, image, illness, vehicle, etc, OSOROSII refers to monsters, endings, truths, events, disasters, etc. It represents the power and momentum of pain, action, material, institution, roar, and scream, and fear that comes from power. In the case of ‘NOUN+GA+KOWAI’ ‘NOUN+NO+OSOROSII’, while KOWAI expresses fear in a relatively wide range such as strength, momentum, power, personality, temperament, content, and atmosphere, OSOROSII indicates a limited sense of fear of disasters and disasters. In the case of ‘KOWAKUTE/OSOROSIKUTE+VERB’ which modifies predicate verbs, it is in the form of ‘KOWAKUTE + indefinite form of possible verbs’ and ‘OSOROSIKUTE+^^DEKINAI’ to express the impossibility and limitations caused by fear or fear. In the case of ‘ADVERB+KOWAI/OSOROSII’ which is modified by an adverb, KOWAI evaluates the degree or change of the feeling of fear, while OSOROSII expresses the feeling of admiration that comes from the magnitude of the feeling of intimidation and awe.
강경완,이우선,정성환 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2004 공업기술연구 Vol.4 No.-
We propose the recognition method of hand written numerical formula using the feature distance and the directionality. The proposed method uses the real time concept that is characteristic of on-line hand written character recognition. First, it receives the pixel coordinates of a numerical formula from a tablet. Secondly, it achieves the separation process on the inputed formula. Thirdly, it supplies sequentially one completed mathematical formula unconcerned with notes order. Finally, using the pattern conformity of feature distance and directionality, we recognize a completed mathematical formula. In the experiment using 100 mathematical formulas, the proposed method showed the recognition rate of about 98%
コーパスベースの意味分析の一例 -「体験」と「経験」の違い -
강경완 한국일본어학회 2022 日本語學硏究 Vol.- No.73
In this paper, as an example of corpus-based semantic analysis, we analyzed the differences between synonyms TAIKEN and KEIKEN from three perspectives, which were semantic characteristics, frequency, and genre of the use of collocations. The typical grammatical patterns of TAIKEN and KEIKEN were taken out, and a list of collocations in each pattern was extracted. By classifying the semantic characteristics of the collocations, the current study clarifies the daily use of KEIKEN and the specialty of TAIKEN. It also details the specific perceptual action of TAIKEN and the experience that has become established as a memory of KEIKEN. The criteria for the proper use of TAIKEN and KEIKEN were also clearly shown while supplementing the insufficiency of previous research. Further, by examining the frequency information and confirming that the generality of KEIKEN was slightly higher than that of TAIKEN, we also discussed in detail the differences between these two synonyms in genres, scenes, and sentences. Based on the achievements in the current study, in future, I would like to study a concrete teaching method of how to teach the criteria for the proper use of synonyms, such as collocation, frequency, and genre, in an actual Japanese language class.
類義構造における社会的コノテ-ション : 「青年」 「若者」 を例に
姜炅完 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소 2010 日本硏究 Vol.46 No.-
本稿では、社会的コノテ-ションの記述が複数の単語間でそれらのデノテ-ションが類義である場合、それぞれのコノテ-ションがどのように付加されているかを明らかにするのに効果的であることを、 「青年」 と 「若者」 を例に検討した。 「青年」 の場合、<挫折.絶望.苦悩.孤独などに駆られる><犯罪・戦争・差別などの被害をうける><病気や障害に苦しむ>3つの言説的意味傾向の背後に≪不幸だ≫という同情的な社会的コノテーションを想定でき、<夢に向けて進む><将来の希望である>の言説的意味傾向から≪明るい未来がある≫という、また<純粋で優しい、思いやりにあふれる><何かにひたすら打ち込む>の言説的意味傾向から≪人柄がいい≫という肯定的な社会的コノテーションが産み出され、多義構造をなしている。一方、 「若者」 は、<犯罪.罪を犯す>の言説的意味傾向の背後には≪問題を起こす≫という否定的な社会的コノテーションを、<無関心.没認識である><夢や目標をもたない>の言説的意味傾向の背後には≪生への意欲を失う≫という否定的な社会的コノテーションを想定することができる。また、<失業.戦争などの被害をうける>の言説的意味傾向からは、≪不幸だ≫という同情的な社会的コノテーションが産み出され、こちらも多義構造をなしている。つまり、 「青年」 と 「若者」 は、≪不幸だ≫の同情的なコノテ-ションによって類義関係は保たれてはいるが、≪明るい未来がある≫≪人柄がいい≫の肯定的なコノテ-ションと≪問題を起こす≫≪生への意欲がない≫の否定的なコノテ-ションによって、同時に対立関係をもなしているのである。この対立関係は、類義語間の使い分けの基準を明確に示しており、類義構造のより正確な記述に社会的コノテ-ションが有効であることが分かった。今後、類義構造のなかに社会的コノテーションはどのように付加されているのかについてたくさんの類義語をとりあげ類型化を試みる予定である。多義構造と社会的コノテーションとの関係分析も合わせて、本研究の中期的な課題としたい。