영남문집해제 : 난곡집

김강한 영남대학교 민족문화연구소 1988 민족문화연구소 자료총서 Vol.4 No.-

근세 후기 倭館의 交奸事件과 데지마(出島)의 遊女들

김강일 전북사학회 2015 전북사학 Vol.0 No.46

Korea and Japan in the late modern age is a state authority external to the country as the exclusive bargaining rights for foreign nationals or foreigners overseas voyage was the era of seclusion was not allowed to come into the country together. Waeguan(倭館) in Chosun, Dejima(出島) in Nagasaki, Chinese town(唐人屋敷) was exceptional location. Choryang Waegwan(草梁倭館) in Chosun such as interpreters, traders routinely Tsushima in contact with a number of events took place while. Often happens in the case is theft, robbery, assault(打擲), smuggling(潛商), unauthorized escape(闌出), friction was a problem with the smuggling funds(倭債). Prostitution(交奸) are Tsushima men to stay in Waegwan(倭館) and Chosun women refers to sexual contact, Chosun government was looking into prostitution severely punished as a criminal act. Prostitution was a political event intended to prevent a diplomatic dispute with room for improvement in Japan. Chosun women into prostitution problem eventually suffered a pole can be seen was a victim of in late modern times diplomacy. Dejima(出島), says the Dutch East India Company trading musoeul was in Nagasaki. When the Dutch were staying in Nagasaki could not be the rule, personal contact with the Japanese, was a special area at any time if they want to enjoy the nightlife was called the Youzyo(遊女). During the Edo period in Japan is the legalization of prostitution was socially acceptable to enjoy the nightlife in this brothel formed in each city. However, anyone who was not a place to enjoy unlimited Shogunate had legalized prostitution. In the case of Edo, Osaka, Kyoto, geographically isolated from the place called of Yuzyoya(遊女屋), yuzyo only could belong to yuzyoya sales. But there can be a business yuzyo Nagasaki went out at any time if there is a call from Dejima yuzyoya or Chinatown. And prostitution case in Waegwan, acts of yunyeo of Dejima is the phenomenon of prostitution in foreign partner is the same. But, the Chosun women caused a prostitution case was put to the polarized, who was Dejima in Nagasaki yuzyo access to professionals who can live luxuriously in exotic trinkets as angry as a professional who is certified by the shogunate. This difference is a matter of how they define the state power is prostitution, and, ultimately, can be seen as a result of the difference stems from the Chosun and shogunate to government ideology. Edo shogunate was used systematically by the commodification of the female. Moral right or wrong decision is left off, such a positive attitude is ultimately one to think that it is not presented as the difference between the national power in the next period.

왜관과 범죄 - 접촉과 상호 인식의 차이에서 발생하는 범죄를 중심으로 -

김강일 전북사학회 2012 전북사학 Vol.0 No.41

Japan House was the community residence of Japanese in Choryang, Busan. Traders and merchants from Tsushima for various purposes stayed for a long period in Chorayng Japan House for trade and diplomatic missions. While these Japanese residents daily contacted Chosun officials and merchants, a variety of incidents occurred in Japan House. For instance, burglary, robbery, assault, smuggling and Japanese trespassing prevailed while prostitution of Chosun women in the Japan House premises and circulation of unlawful funds for smuggling were also major part of trouble. One of the main causes of crime lay in the difference in the perception of trading goods. The Tsushima officials recognized rice as the payment for trading whereas Chosun perceived it as a royal gift of which the grant could be delayed or exempted altogether. The different perception caused trespassing and assault of Tsushima people residing in Japan House. In addition, the structural problem in the lack of rice and firewood due to the excessive imposition of labor service of Dongrae-bu resulted in the various violations in Japan House. In general, an amicable relationship was sustained after Kiyu Treaty until the occupation of Japan house. However, this amicable relationship was in reality based on the immense sacrifice of Dongrae-bu residents and the expense for 250 years of peace was also imposed on them. If a confliction occurred in resolving the incident, Chosun often ceased the distribution of necessity and closed the market to pressure Japan House. These were the easy solution to solve the problem and the biggest concern of Japan House. During the Edo period, Japan officially closed its door to trading, however, kept the four entrances open to interact with other countries. It actively accepted advanced European culture from the Netherlands through Nagasaki. The strength built through this exchange eventually led to the success of Meiji Reformation. Although Chosun also officially closed its door, Japan House could serve as a window to the outside world depending on the its diplomatic policy towards Japan. On the positive note, Japan House was the door through which goods were exported from Chosun and imported to the country at the same time. It was also the source where the information of Chosun and China was spilled and where that of Japan came through. Until it was forced to close by the Meiji government, Japan House was kept openfor the practical purpose of Chosun despite the considerable expense for its maintenance. Chosun government held both positive and negative attitudes towards Japan House, however the dominant opinion viewed it as a subject to isolate and control. The historical records of Chosun rarely show positive description of Japan House residents. The consistent control and confinement over Japan House in the end resulted in such byproducts as trespassing, illegal trading, prostitution and assaults.

환경경영이 경영성과에 미치는 영향

김강 한국회계정책학회 2009 회계와 정책연구 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study is to find out 1) effects of environmental management (Environmental Affinity Company Certification, ISO14001 Certification) on profitability ratios (gross profit margin, operating profit margin, net profit margin), 2) effects of environmental management on growth ratios (sales growth ratio, total asset growth ratio), 3) effects of firm size on the relationship between environmental management and financial performance. Research sample consisted of 536 companies from the manufacturing industry. Of the sample, 228 companies adopted environmental management while 308 did not. The findings of this study are as follows: First, environmental management does not affect gross profit margin but affects operating profit margin and net profit margin. Second, environmental management does not impact sales growth ratio and total asset growth ratio. Third, firm size affects operating profit margin and net profit margin, and environmental management affects net profit margin, but environmental management does not affect operating profit margin. This result is contrary to Hypothesis 1. This conflicting result shows that companies with big size and high performance easily adopt environmental management (Environmental Affinity Company Certification, ISO14001 Certification). Finally, this study supported “Available Funding Hypothesis”. 본 연구에서는 환경경영도입기업(친환경기업지정 또는 ISO14001인증을 받은 기업)과 미도입기업의 재무성과(수익성, 성장성)의 차이를 분석하고, 기업규모가 환경경영과 재무성과의 관계에 영향을 미치는지를 검정하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 초과매출액총이익률은 환경경영수준에 따라 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났고, 초과매출액영업이익률과 초과매출액순이익률은 유의적인 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 초과매출액증가율과 초과총자산증가율은 환경경영수준에 따라 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 기업규모를 추가하여, 환경경영수준과 기업규모에 따라 초과매출액영업이익률과 초과매출액순이익률에 차이가 있는지를 분석한 결과, 초과매출액영업이익률은 기업규모에 따른 차이는 나타나지만, 환경경영수준만을 독립변수로 한 가설1에서 유의적으로 나타났던 환경경영수준은 유의적이지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 초과매출액순이익률에 대해서는 환경경영, 기업규모, 환경경영*기업규모가 모두 유의적인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 경영성과가 좋은 기업일수록 여유자금이 존재하고, 외부이해관계자집단에 대한 노출이 많아지므로, 일반적인 수준이상의 사회․환경적 성과(예를 들어, 환경경영 도입)를 수행하게 된다는 “여유자금가설”을 뒷받침하는 결과라고 할 수 있다. 즉, 환경경영이 매출원가, 판매비와 관리비, 영업외비용 등에 미치는 영향은 제한적이며, 환경경영을 도입한 기업의 초과매출액영업이익률과 초과매출액순이익률이 미도입기업에 비하여 높은 것은 기업규모 등과 같은 기업특성변수의 영향이 더 크다는 것을 나타낸다.

[외국문학] 무대 밖의 셰익스피어들 - 대중문화와 셰익스피어의 현대적 수용

김강 심미안 2013 문학들 Vol.- No.33

Clinical Characteristics of Oral Allergy Syndrome in Children with Atopic Dermatitis and Birch Sensitization: a Single Center Study

김강인,이보미,민택기,이정호,편복양,전유훈 대한의학회 2019 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.34 No.2

Background: Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity that occurs frequently in older children with pollen sensitization. This study focused on the clinical characteristics of OAS in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) and birch sensitization. Method: s: A total of 186 patients aged 2–18 years with AD and birch sensitization were enrolled in this study between January 2016 and March 2017. Their levels of serum total IgE and birch- and ragweed-specific IgE (sIgE) were measured using ImmunoCAP (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden). Information regarding causative foods and symptoms were obtained via interviews. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to their ages (group 1, 2–6 years; group 2, 7–12 years; and group 3, 13–18 years). Results: Eighty-one of the 186 (43.5%) children with AD who were sensitized to birch pollen were diagnosed as having OAS. The prevalence of OAS in group 1 (the children who had AD and birch sensitization aged 2–6 years) was 36.6%. A greater predominance of men was noted in the non-OAS group (77.1%) compared to the OAS group (60.5%). Apples were the most common causative food in group 2 and 3 while kiwis were the most common cause of OAS in group 1. There was a statistically significant correlation between birch-sIgE levels and the prevalence of OAS (P = 0.000). The cut-off value was 6.77 kUA/L with 55.6% sensitivity and 79.0% specificity (area under the curve 0.653). Conclusion: In our study, the prevalence of OAS in children with AD and birch sensitization was 43.5%. Even in the preschool age group, the prevalence of OAS was considerable. Patients with high levels of birch-sIgE were more likely to have OAS. Clinicians should therefore be vigilant about OAS in patients with a high degree of sensitization to birch pollen and even young children if they have birch sensitization.

슬관절 전치환술 후 발생한 Candida Glabrata 감염증

김강일 ( Kang Il Kim ),심희석 ( Hee Seok Shim ),김영준 ( Young Jun Kim ),유재호 ( Jae Ho Yoo ),배대경 ( Dae Kyung Bae ) 대한슬관절학회 2010 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.22 No.2

슬관절 전치환술 후 캔디다 감염증은 매우 드문 질환으로 임상 증상이 뚜렷하지 않아 진단이 어렵다. 슬관절 전치환술 후 발생하는 캔디다 감염은 Candida albicans가 가장 흔한 균주이나 본 증례에서는 매우 드문 균주인 Candida glabrata에 의한 감염이었다. 이에 저자들은 슬관절 전치환술 시행 후 상기 균주로 인한 캔디다 감염증이 발생한 1예를 항생제 시멘트 충전물을 사용한 2단계 재치환술로 치료한 바가 있어서 보고하고자 한다. Candida infection after total knee arthroplasty is very rare. The diagnosis is difficult due to lack of obvious clinical symptoms. Candida albicans is the most common strain in Candida infections after total knee arthroplasties and Candida glabrata has been reported in only 5 cases in the literature. We report here on a case of Candida glabrata infection after total knee arthroplasty, and this was treated by two-stage revision and using an antibiotics-loaded cement spacer.

Anti-scratch and Anti-fingerprint Hard Coating for Foldable Cover Window

김강한,정용철 한국고분자학회 2020 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.45 No.2

The Birth of Political Shakespeare: Ki Kukseo’s Hamlet Productions in the 1980s

김강 21세기영어영문학회 2017 영어영문학21 Vol.30 No.4

This paper attempts to survey a series of experimental Hamlet productions under military dictatorship, when assassination, coup d’etat, usurpation, corruption, and state violence were daily realities in the 1980s Korea. When freedom of speech was curbed, Shakespeare’s old, foreign story was endowed with contemporary and local meanings, and became an apt vehicle of political reflection and social communication. This is localization in a more profound sense, not just dressing the Bard in drag or setting his plays to folk music and dance. The understanding Korean audience did not come to the theatre appreciate a Western masterpiece or to enjoy a polished performance, but to participate in an intellectually stimulating and emotionally disturbing experience. While Shakespeare’s concern in Hamlet is primarily about the royalty and nobility, the common people take center stage in these Korean adaptations—as bystanders, innocent victims, and maybe even involuntary accomplices, who see that the time is out of joint but feel incapable of setting it right. Thus recontextualized, Hamlet is a tragedy not of an individual or a family, but of the entire society afflicted by madness and terror. In a sense, the performance on stage is no more than a rehearsal, in preparation for real action outside the theatre.

동래부사와 대일외교

김강일 동북아역사재단 2012 東北亞歷史論叢 Vol.- No.38

1. The Dongnae area in the late Joseon period was a fence of the country (國之藩垣) and a coastal door (爲海徼門戶之地) that played an important role in national defense as a borderline. Dongnae County was the exclusive “reception area of the Japanese,” an “important land of southern border,” as well as the first diplomatic site for the Japanese envoy. This study investigated the average tenure of the Dongnae County Magistrate during the Choryang Waegwan period, and their subsequent career. There were many dismissals of the magistrate due to mistakes in negotiating issues with the Japan House, and the average tenure was no more than six months. However, the reasons for dismissal were mainly by professional negligence, with almost thirteen months the average tenure. 2. The working level diplomatic policy line toward Japan and the policy decision line involved the Dongnae County Magistrate of Dongraebu ↔ the Governor of Gyeongsang Province ↔ Board of Rites’Second Minister and Third Minister ↔ the Border Security Council ↔and the King. When the head office of Dongnae County and the governor of Gyeongsang sumitted a report, it was reviewed by the Board of Rites. Then, it was finally sent to the Border Security Council and the king. While the head office of Dongnae County and the governor of Gyeongsang Province participated in working level negotiations with Japan at the Japan House, the Minister of the Board of Rites together with the king and the Border Security Council took leading roles in determining diplomatic action toward Japan. In the early seventeenth century, the role of the Dongnae County Magistrate was not remarkable, the role became reinforced when the Border Security Council other than Board of Personnel (吏曹) began to recommend the magistrate from 1642. Around this time, Tsushima asked for the relocation of Dumopo Japan House for the first time, which alerted the court considering the selection of the magistrate. 3. Generally, the counterpart of the Dongnae County Magistrate was regarded as the Master of the Japan House (館守), but this study analyzed that position more specifically. The role of the Dongnae County Magistrate was not simply to deliver the situation of Tsushima to the central government as a dispatched official. Rather, the magistrate took initiatives in matters required to maintain the Japan House and foreign diplomacy toward Japan. However, the head of Japan House did not take full responsibility, but was assigned tasks from the Tsushima district which is shown in the records of the so family. Therefore, it is not proper to make them equal as counterparts in analyzing the foreign diplomacy. This study argues that the foreign counterpart of the Dongnae County Magistrate was the daimyo of Tsushima. And also the Korean head of the Japan House was the Interpreter Official (K. Hundo; K. Byeolcha) in Joseon. 4. The Japanese in the Dongrae area lived from food supplied from the Joseon government. The sojourning expenses for Japanese castaways was provided by the Joseon government until they were repatriated to their home country. As such, large expenses for receiving the Japanese were required, and it was appropriated from the residents in the Dongrae area. The residents suffered a great burden in the late Joseon period, which made them more impoverished. The good neighbor policy by the Joseon government was made possible based upon the sacrifices of Dongrae residents.