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박정현 전남사학회 2002 역사학연구 Vol.19 No.-
商品經濟的發展不僅對江南農村經濟的變化, 對農村社會也産生了不小的 影響。1930年代江南農村不再處于穩定的結構之中, 在直接受至商品經濟影響的同時從傳統社會中擺脫出來, 持續着異質化的過程。江南農村的變化沒有帶來包括地主佃農關係在內的社會結構的變化。但是這충變化和現代性有一定的距離, 幷一直和傳統性有聯系, 盡管如此, 타不能說是无意義的、表面的、量的變化。在江南農村, 包括在商品經濟內的農民生活, 土地所有權的變化, 副業的一般化, 流動性的增加, 家族關係的變化, 意識的變化等在農村社會正發生着各충各樣的變化。本文旨在對商品經濟發展下江南農村社會發生了즘樣的變化, 對此農民們的對應方式如何進行詳細的探討。 江南農村的日常生活雖然帶有흔多傳統因素, 但是從經濟生活開始漸漸受到商品經濟的影響。在土地所有方面, 1930年代經濟蕭條時期農民想維持田面權都흔困難。因此農民中轉賣田面權, 棄農的人數增加, 永佃制逐漸衰退, 農村的土地所有權漸漸一元化。在家族關係上, 開始擺脫傳統的家父長制, 由于婦女參與勞動因而女性的在家庭中的地位提高了。령一方面, 因爲放棄農業人口的增加, 農村社會的流動性增加了, 農村人口不斷涌進城市。這충流動性已經對傳統的親族關係和家庭的穩定構成了威脅。離開農村進入城市的離鄕勞動者在城市里主要成爲産業工人和手工業工人, 從這一点可以看出, 江南農村的變化與該地區的工業發展有着密切的聯系。 想要准학地掌握農村居民在意識上的變化是一件常困難的事。但是, 大體上來說在意識形態方面1930年代江南農民同時具有傳統和現代雙重性格。他們在生活和習俗上維持着傳統性, 雖然具有排他的一面, 在經濟方面却相對較具有合理性, 幷能動地發生着變化。1930年代江南農村社會雖然在結構土沒有發生變化, 但是農民存在的方式却産生了흔大的變化。 農村社會的這충變化使農村的經濟因素産生了新的分配。農村勞動力在市鎭的非農産業部門從事勞動, 這樣農村勞動力的就業結構變得多樣化了。例如, 由于曾經是重要農副業的桑田的增加沒能給傳統的糧食生産帶來大的沖擊, 因而雖然沒有影響土地的再分配但是土地的利用率提高了。而且, 這충變化改變了農家經濟的性格。對農家經濟市場的依賴加强, 農家經濟的平衡有相當大一部分得從市場的交換過程中尋조。農村經濟從單一的、封閉式的傳統經濟結構轉變爲一定程度同時具有市場性和開放性的多層次經濟結構。 農村和現代工業相連的過程順利時農村的社會結構發生了흔大的變化。費孝通分析的吳縣開弦弓的變化就是江南農村變化的一個實例。卽, 由于經濟恐慌養蠶業衰退, 購買力下降, 隨之加速了農村的衰退。但是開弦弓通過對蠶桑進行改革使農村工業獲得成功, 겁大地改變了農村社會。相反, 遠離城市的偏遠農村仍然停留在傳統的關系中。江南農村的變化活躍在城市近郊。至此, 我們探討的江南農村的變化雖然不是專一地産生的, 但至少不可否認, 這一變化逐漸擴散, 對于在農村社會不斷增加現代化因素以及對江南農村社會的發展起了積겁的作用。
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이상호,김형태,박정현 大韓小兒齒科學會 1992 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.19 No.2
Normal color of the gingiva and other oral tissues is uniformly coral pink or a variation of pink and is produced by the vascular supply, the thickness, degree of keratinization of the epithelium and the presence of pigmented containing cells. Gingival pigmentation occurs as a diffuse, deep purplish and discoloration or as irregularly shaped brown and light brown patches. The most frequent cause of gingival pigmentation is melanin deposits. It may be appear in the gingiva as 3 hours after birth and is present in all normal individuals. Melanin oral pigmentation can be normal physioligic pigmentation as well as pathologic pigmentation. Disease that increase melanin pigmentation include the Addison's disease, Pertz-Jegher's syndrome, Albright's syndrome, Von-Recklinghausen's disease. Gingival pigmentation is eliminated by the mucogingival flap, gingivectomy, gingival graft, electrosurgery, laser surgery, deepithelialization. The treatment were done by deepithelialization with periodontal knife, scalpel, diamond stone. The technique is relatively simple and the less postsurgical discomfort, requires minimum time and effort. We observed almost normal gingival color and shape after postsurgical. Further, periodic recall check is needed for evaluation of repigmentation.
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첨가된 알루미늄 분말의 산화가 알루미나 소결에 미치는 영향(I. 공기중, $1350~1550^{\cire}C$에서)
박정현,안주삼,김해두 한국세라믹학회 1983 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.20 No.1
The main object of this study is to investigate the effect of Al powder as an additive on the sintering of calcined alumina comparing with that of calcined alumina alone. The degree of Al oxidation is calculated by measuring the weight increase during the firing Water absorption bulk density and compressive strength of the $Al_2O_3+Al$ system at each temperature are compared with those of $Al_2O_4$ alone. The $Al_2O_3+Al$ system shows better physical propeties than Al2O3 alone and it seems by the SEM observation that the fine oxidized Al particles(fine $Al_2O_3$ particles submicron unit) fill the interstices of the original $Al_2O_3$ par-ticles and thus result in the well-close-packed arrangement of the particles.
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Chrome-Aventurine 釉藥 製造에 關한 硏究
朴正鉉,李喜洙,崔世泳 연세대학교 대학원 1978 延世論叢 Vol.15 No.-
The purpose of this study was to develope the aventurine appearence, which has been applied mainly to glasses field, in the case of the tile glaze or white ware glaze. Although various aventurine glazes are known, among these chrome-avenurine glaze has been considered to be the most unstable one. In the present work, the effects of varying RO components, the additives, the mole ratio of R₂O₃ to RO₂ components, and the firing schedule, were investigated. Results are given as follows. 1) The most favorable aventurine appearence is obtained, with the following glaze formula_ 0.2KNaO 0.2 CaO 0.4 SrO 0.2Al₂O₃ 2.0 SiO₂ 0.2 BaO 2) The amounts of the appropriate additives are as follows. CuCO₃ ?3wt% BaCrO₄ 10% Frit 10% and the composition of frit used; 0.68 Na₂O 1.48 Sio₂ 0.32 CaO 1.36 B₂O₃ 3) Appropriate content of Al₂O₃ is 0.2-0.3 mole and the mole ratio of R₂O₃/RO₂ component is 1/10. 4) As for the firing schedule, the maturing temperature is 1250℃(holding time, 30min.), and after fast cooling of 100℃ down the holding time is 60 min., and the furthermore cooling is continuous.
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아편유사제에 의한 통각과민을 동반한 췌장암 환자의 통증 치료 -증례 보고-
박정현,문동언,임대환,김영훈,유건희 대한마취통증의학회 2012 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.7 No.2
Opioids are generally used to treat severe cancer pain. Usually,it is common to increase the dose of opioids to maintain analgesia. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is a paradoxical response to opioid resulting in increased perception of pain rather than antinociceptive effect. A 64-year-old female with pancreatic cancer was suffering from whole abdominal pain. She took massive opioid therapy, however, her pain had been worse and widen in the 3months. Radiologic imaging was performed to exclude metastatic cancer. The result was negative. We suspected OIH, and reduced the amount of opioids, then, added to adjuvant analgesics. And also we performed celiac plexus neurolysis with the use of alcohol and continuous epidural catheter insertion. Her numeric rating pain scale (NRS) decreased from 9/10 to 3/10. This case suggests that adjuvant analgesics and interventional treatments can resolve a OIH patient with intractable cancer pain.
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