Spinosin Inhibits Aβ_1-42 Production and Aggregation via Activating Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway

( Xiaoying Zhang ),( Jinyu Wang ),( Guowei Gong ),( Ruixin Ma ),( Fanxing Xu ),( Tingxu Yan ),( Bo Wu ),( Ying Jia ) 한국응용약물학회 2020 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.28 No.3

The present research work primarily investigated whether spinosin has the potential of improving the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) driven by β-amyloid (Aβ) overproduction through impacting the procession of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Wild type mouse Neuro-2a cells (N2a/WT) and N2a stably expressing human APP695 (N2a/APP695) cells were treated with spinosin for 24 h. The levels of APP protein and secreted enzymes closely related to APP procession were examined by western blot analysis. Oxidative stress related proteins, such as nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were detected by immunofluorescence assay and western blot analysis, respectively. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was analyzed by flow cytometry, the levels of Aβ_1-42were determined by ELISA kit, and Thioflavin T (ThT) assay was used to detect the effect of spinosin on Aβ_1-42aggregation. The results showed that ROS induced the expression of ADAM10 and reduced the expression of BACE1, while spinosin inhibited ROS production by activating Nrf2 and up-regulating the expression of HO-1. Additionally, spinosin reduced Aβ_1-42production by impacting the procession of APP. In addition, spinosin inhibited the aggregation of Aβ_1-42. In conclusion, spinosin reduced Aβ_1-42 production by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in N2a/WT and N2a/ APP695 cells. Therefore, spinosin is expected to be a promising treatment of AD.

Transcriptome analysis reveals candidate genes for dietary fifi ber metabolism in Rosa roxburghii fruit grown under different light intensities

Xiaoying Zhang,Min Lu,Richard A. Ludlow,Wentao Ma,Huaming An 한국원예학회 2021 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.62 No.5

The fruit of the perennial rosebush Rosa roxburghii were valued for their high levels of ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutaseactivity, and cancer preventing eff ects. The high cellulose and low pectin content of Rosa roxburghii fruit results in an undesirablefi brous texture and hence needs to be addressed. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlyingdietary fi ber metabolism in this fruit. Here, we report that the contents of cellulose, pectin, and lignin were increased byshading treatments at the maturation stage of fruit development. Under 50% shading, the soluble pectin content increased by16.39%, which may improve the fruit palatability. However, deeper shading of 100% caused the lignin content to increase by28.86%, which conversely may lower fruit quality. Based on transcriptome analysis, we identifi ed candidate genes involvedin dietary fi ber metabolism, including cellulose synthase (CesA) 1, 2, 3, and 5 , â-1,4-xylosyltransferase (IRX) , arabinosyltransferase(ARAD) 1 and 2 , galacturonosyltransferase (GAUT) , cellulolytic enzyme (Cx) , and pectin methylesterase , inwhich CesA1, CesA2, CesA3, IRX, ARAD2 , and GAUT3 signifi cantly responded to shading and positively correlated withthe content of their corresponding component. Furthermore, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase was signifi cantly regulatedby shading treatment and positively correlated with increasing lignin concentration. These results may facilitate a betterunderstanding of the molecular mechanisms of dietary fi ber metabolism in R. roxburghii fruit under low light conditionsand provide a framework for future crop improvement.

乡村振兴背景下留守儿童亲子陪伴权保障研究

张晓英(Xiaoying Zhang),徐鸿望(Hongwang Xu) YIXIN 출판사 2023 Journal of China Studies Vol.1 No.2

A Novel Method for Estimating State-of-Charge in Power Batteries for Electric Vehicles

Nan Zhang,Yunshan Zhou,Qiang Tian,Xiaoying Liao,Feitie Zhang 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.20 No.5

Estimation of the state-of- charge (SOC) of power batteries has always been the focus of electric vehicle users’ criticism. Accurate SOC is beneficial for extending the mileage of electric vehicles and the life of the battery pack. The key to improving SOC accuracy is to establish its accurate model and combine it with an appropriate estimation algorithm. Based on characterization experiments related to SOC, this paper describes a second-order charge–discharge resistor–capacitor model that can accurately simulate external characteristics of the battery and identify them online. An improved adaptive unscented Kalman filter algorithm based on Sage–Husa is introduced to estimate SOC. The reliability of the algorithm is verified by building a MATLAB/Simulink simulation model. The results show that the improved algorithm displays increased robustness and can quickly converge to the true value; the steady-state error is also within a small range.

Mathematical Model Relating Dynamic Dewatering Process of Fresh Mortar and Its Composition

Tao Ji,Xiaoying Zhang,Xiong Zhang,Yong-juan Zhang,Caiyong Gu,Weihua Li 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.2

The composition and properties of raw materials have significant influences on water retention capacity of mortar, but the basic origin remains unclear. To clarify the movement of water inside mortar and the mechanism of water retention, the dynamic dewatering experiment was designed and the mathematical model describing the dewatering process of mortar was set up in this work. The model proved to be effective according to the results from dynamic dewatering experiment. The study demonstrated that capillary gradual contraction model is suitable for describing early dewatering process of fresh mortar and the parameters in the dewatering equation are relevant to the properties of raw materials, which certify that the model is of physical significance. Moreover, influencing factors such as water properties and binding materials properties were obtained and their relationship with water retention of mortar were discussed theoretically based on capillary gradual contraction model.

An exchange bias observed in Tb/Cr/FeCo trilayers with ultrathin Cr layer at low temperature

Sun Li,Li Xiaoyan,Zhang Yiwei,Song Hengbo,Zhang Wen,Kou Zhaoxia,Zhang Dong,Liu Xiaoying,Fei Hongyang,Pan Mengmei,Zhao Zhibin,Zhai Ya 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.44 No.-

Positive exchange bias field (He) is observed in Tb/Cr (tCr)/FeCo trilayers at 5 K without cooling field, and negative He for Tb/FeCo bilayer. The negative He of Tb/FeCo implies the FM coupling at the interface due to Co and Fe dominate in the magnetization of the ferrimagnetic interlayer alloy of FeCo and Tb. With the inserting of Cr layer, this situation is broken, and the positive He implies the antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling. A peak of He = 6.0 mT for trilayers with tCr = 1.5 nm is corresponding to the minimum value of coercivity as a function of tCr at 5 K, which is used to study the effect of the cooling field (Hfc) on He as a function of temperature. It is found that Hfc of 100 mT triggers He from positive to negative at T ≤ 15 K. The magnetoresistance results also confirm the coexistence of multiple MR mechanisms in these trilayers.

Dysfunction of Shh signaling activates autophagy to inhibit trophoblast motility in recurrent miscarriage

Pan Yibin,Yan Lili,Chen Qiaoqiao,Wei Cheng,Dai Yongdong,Tong Xiaomei,Zhu Haiyan,Lu Meifei,Zhang Yanling,Jin Xiaoying,Zhang Tai,Lin Xiaona,Zhou Feng,Zhang Songying 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-

In early pregnancy, the placenta anchors the conceptus and supports embryonic development and survival. This study aimed to investigate the underlying functions of Shh signaling in recurrent miscarriage (RM), a serious disorder of pregnancy. In the present study, Shh and Gli2 were mainly observed in cytotrophoblasts (CTBs), Ptch was mainly observed in syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs), and Smo and Gli3 were expressed in both CTBs and STBs. Shh signaling was significantly impaired in human placenta tissue from recurrent miscarriage patients compared to that of gestational age-matched normal controls. VEGF-A and CD31 protein levels were also significantly decreased in recurrent miscarriage patients. Furthermore, inhibition of Shh signaling impaired the motility of JAR cells by regulating the expression of Gli2 and Gli3. Intriguingly, inhibition of Shh signaling also triggered autophagy and autolysosome accumulation. Additionally, knockdown of BECN1 reversed Gant61-induced motility inhibition. In conclusion, our results showed that dysfunction of Shh signaling activated autophagy to inhibit trophoblast motility, which suggests the Shh pathway and autophagy as potential targets for RM therapy.

Spatial protein expression of Panax ginseng by in-depth proteomic analysis for ginsenoside biosynthesis and transportation

Xiaoying Li,Xianhui Cheng,Baosheng Liao,Jiang Xu,Xu Han,Jinbo Zhang,Zhiwei Lin,Lianghai Hu 고려인삼학회 2021 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.45 No.1

Background: Panax ginseng, as one of the most widely used herbal medicines worldwide, has been studied comprehensively in terms of the chemical components and pharmacology. The proteins from ginseng are also of great importance for both nutrition value and the mechanism of secondary metabolites. However, the proteomic studies are less reported in the absence of the genome information. With the completion of ginseng genome sequencing, the proteome profiling has become available for the functional study of ginseng protein components. Methods: We optimized the protein extraction process systematically by using SDS-PAGE and one-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The extracted proteins were then analyzed by two-dimensional chromatography separation and cutting-edge mass spectrometry technique. Results: A total of 2,732 and 3,608 proteins were identified from ginseng root and cauline leaf, respectively, which was the largest data set reported so far. Only around 50% protein overlapped between the cauline leaf and root tissue parts because of the function assignment for plant growing. Further gene ontology and KEGG pathway revealed the distinguish difference between ginseng root and leaf, which accounts for the photosynthesis and metabolic process. With in-deep analysis of functional proteins related to ginsenoside synthesis, we interestingly found the cytochrome P450 and UDP-glycosyltransferase expression extensively in cauline leaf but not in the root, indicating that the post glucoside synthesis of ginsenosides might be carried out when growing and then transported to the root at withering. Conclusion: The systematically proteome analysis of Panax ginseng will provide us comprehensive understanding of ginsenoside synthesis and guidance for artificial cultivation.

Multi-scale and Interactive Visual Analysis of Public Bicycle System

( Xiaoying Shi ),( Yang Wang ),( Fanshun Lv ),( Xiaohang Yang ),( Qiming Fang ),( Li Zhang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2019 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.13 No.6

Public bicycle system (PBS) is a new emerging and popular mode of public transportation. PBS data can be adopted to analyze human movement patterns. Previous work usually focused on specific scales, and the relationships between different levels of hierarchies are ignored. In this paper, we introduce a multi-scale and interactive visual analytics system to investigate human cycling movement and PBS usage condition. The system supports level-of-detail explorative analysis of spatio-temporal characteristics in PBS. Visual views are designed from global, regional and microcosmic scales. For the regional scale, a bicycle network is constructed to model PBS data, and an flow-based community detection algorithm is applied on the bicycle network to determine station clusters. In contrast to the previous used Louvain algorithm, our method avoids producing super-communities and generates better results. We provide two cases to demonstrate how our system can help analysts explore the overall cycling condition in the city and spatio-temporal aggregation of stations.

Detection and molecular characteristics of bovine rotavirus A in dairy calves in China

Xiaoying Liu,Nan Yan,Hua Yue,Yuanwei Wang,Bin Zhang,Cheng Tang 대한수의학회 2021 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.22 No.5

Background: Bovine group A rotavirus (BoRVA) is a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in newborn dairy calves. Only one study has investigated the G and P genotypes among dairy calves in a few regions of China, which were G6 and P[5]. Therefore, data on the prevalence and molecular characteristics of BoRVA in dairy calves in China remains limited. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of BoRVA in dairy calves in China. Methods: 269 dairy calves diarrheic samples from 23 farms in six provinces in China were collected to detect BoRVA using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: 71% of samples were determined to be BoRVA-positive. Two G genotypes (G6, G10) and two P genotypes (P[1], P[5]) were identified, and G6P[1] BoRVA was the predominant strain. Moreover, the VP7 and VP4 gene sequences of these dairy calf BoRVA strains revealed abundant genetic diversity. Interestingly, eight out of 17 complete G6 VP7 sequences were clustered into G6 lineage VI and analysis showed the strains were closely related to Chinese yak BoRVA strains. Conclusions: The results of this study show that BoRVA circulates widely among dairy calves in China, and the dominant genotype in circulation is G6P[1], first report on molecular characteristics of complete P[5] VP4 genes in chinese dairy calves. These results will help us to further understand the prevalence and genetic evolution of BoRVA among dairy calves in China and, thus, prevent the disease more effectively.