목초액 처리가 돈분 퇴비화 과정중 악취저감에 미치는 영향

이종은,장기운,이종진,황준영 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2005 농업과학연구 Vol.32 No.2

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of odor removal such as NH_(3), volatile organic acid (VOA) during the pig manure composting using of the Pyroligneous acid liquor (PAL). The odor removal efficiencies were evaluated throughout the dilution rates (x0, x100, x300) of PAL. The results of the study are as followings. NH_(3) content in all treatments (volume 10L) was approximately 8 mg/kg in compost piles on the first day. In the case of control treatment, it was increased by 46 mg/kg within 10 days and was not detected after 25 days. In contrast, those levels in PA-100 and PA-300 treatments were similar values at 38 mg/kg within 6 days and decreased after 15 days. And GC. equipment was used to analyze the volatile organic acids (acetic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, isovaleric aicd, 2,3-methylbutyric aicd, and propionic acid). The concentration of acetic acid and butyric acid were the higher than other VOAs during the initial composting day and sharply declined after 15 days. The VOAs in the control treatment were detected until 40 days, but PA-100 and PA-300 treatments were not measured after 15 days. The PA-100 in all treatments was the most effective treatment for NH_(3) gas and VOAs reduction during composting. In addition, these studies for the odor reduction in compost manufacture process would have to research on more effective methods for the PAL utilization in agro-biological aspects

경쟁전략이 경영성과에 미치는 영향

이윤원,백기운 東亞大學校 經營問題硏究所 2002 經營論叢 Vol.23 No.-

돈분과 피마자박의 혼합비율에 따른 퇴비화 연구

장기운,이종진,홍주화,김남천,김완주,최우영 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2007 농업과학연구 Vol.34 No.2

This study was conducted to estimate the humificating grade according to experiment of physico-chemical characterization and phyto-toxicity during composting of using with pig manure and castor meal. The material ratios of the compost which was mixed with pig manure(P), castor meal(C), and saw dust(S) were 5 : 1 : 4(PCS-I), 5 : 2.5 : 2.5(PCS-II) and 5 : 4 : 1(PCS-III) by volume to volume, and they were decomposed for 60 days. In the result, the changes of temperature in all treatments during composting were rapidly increased more than 68℃ at the incipient stage, and gradually decreased within 39℃ at 60 days the after treatment. pH was slowly increased from 7.5 to 7.7, and the C/N ratio was 13∼14 at the final composting stage. The low C/N ratio value in this compost was caused by the castor meal contented high nitrogen level(T-N 5.7 %). G.I.(germination index) was showed 73 to 78 range in all treatments at the 60^(th) day. Among all treatments PCS-I was appeared to be the best condition for composting.

전산화단층사진을 이용한 하악골 3차원 영상에서 비대칭진단 계측항목의 재현도에 관한 연구

김고운,김재형,이기헌,황현식 대한치과교정학회 2008 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.38 No.5

본 연구는 하악골 3차원 입체영상에서 비대칭계측항목들의 재현도 비교를 통하여 안면비대칭 진단 시 유용한 계측점 설정에 도움이 되고자 시행되었다. 40명의 두경부 전산화단층사진을 이용하여 생성한 3차원 영상에서 하악골 형태를 결정짓는 부위로 하악과두, 하악우각부, 하악정중부를 선택하고 각 부위의 세부위치에 따라, 그리고 측정 시 보는 각도에 따라 구분하여 하악과두의 경우 Cd_(sup_sup) 등 6개, 하악우각부의 경우 Go_(inf_lat) 등 10개, 하악정중부의 경우 Me_(ant), Me_(inf) 등 총 18개의 계측점을 설정한 후 이를 이용하여 하악골 비대칭 시 좌우 차이를 보일 수 있는 25개의 계측항목을 설정 및 계측한 후 조사자간 및 조사자내의 재현도를 비교 평가하였다. 조사자간 재현도의 경우 25개의 계측항목 중 3개를 제외한 모든 계측항목에서, 조사자내 재현도의 경우 2개 항목을 제외한 모든 계측항목에서 높은 재현도를 보였다. 아울러 본 연구에서 설정한 18개의 계측점 중 Go_(mid_lat), Go_(mid_obl)가 포함된 계측항목이 조사자간 및 조사자내 재현도가 떨어지는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 연구 결과 본 연구에서 사용된 18개의 계측점 중 16개의 계측점(과두를 나타내는 Cd_(sup_sup), Cd_(lat_ant), Cd_(lat_lat), Cd_(post_lat), Cd_(post_post), S, 하악우각부를 나타내는 Go_(inf_lat), Go_(inf_inf), Go_(lat_ant),Go_(lat_lat), Go_(post_lat), Go_(post_post), Ag_(lat), Ag_(inf), 하악정중부를 나타내는 Me_(ant), Me_(inf))은 높은 재현도를 보이므로 전산화단층사진을 이용한 하악골 3차원 영상에서 안면비대칭 환자의 진단에 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 시사하였다. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of measurements representing asymmetry of the mandible and to identify which landmarks would be more useful in 3-dimensional (3D) CT imaging. Methods: Facial CT images were obtained from forty normal occlusion individuals. Eighteen landmarks were established from the condyle, gonion, and menton areas, and 25 measurements were constructed to represent asymmetry of the mandible; 8 for ramus length, 12 for mandibular body length, 1 for condylar neck length, 2 for frontal ramal inclination, and 2 for lateral ramal inclination. Inter- and intra-examiner reproducibility of the measurements was evaluated. Results: Inter-examiner reproducibility of the measurements proved to be high except for 3 measurements. Intra-examiner reproducibility also proved to be high except for 2 measurements. Interand intra-examiner reproducibility of the measurements including Gonion proved to be low. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that the landmarks and measurements constructed in 3D CT images can be used for the diagnosis of facial asymmetry.

우분과 피마자박을 이용한 퇴비화 과정 중 부숙도 평가

장기운,홍주화,이종진,한기필,김남천 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2008 농업과학연구 Vol.35 No.1

This study was conducted to find an optimal combination rate of castor meal for the good qualitative compost and to estimate the humification grade by physico-chemical characterization and phyto-toxicity test during composting of the mixture with cow manure and castor meal. The material ratios of the compost which was mixed with cow manure(C), castor meal(C), and saw dust(S) were 5 : 1 : 4(CCS-1), 5 : 2.5 : 2.5(CCS-2) and 5 : 4 : 1(CCS-3) by volume to volume, and they were decomposed for 60 days. In the result, the changes of temperature in all treatments during composting radically increased more than 63.6℃ at the incipient stage, and gradually decreased around 42℃. At the 60 days after the treatment, pH was slowly increased from 7.0 to 8.0, and the C/N ratio was 12.3∼13.8 at the final composting stage. The low C/N ratio value was caused by the castor meal with high nitrogen level(T-N 5.7%). G.I.(germination index) showed in the range of 77.5 to 82.6 in all treatments. Among all treatments CCS-1 was appeared to be the best condition for composting. Therefore, the combination rate of castor meal which was used for compost humification improvement could be recommended 10% to manufacture the good qualitative cow manure compost.

강우 시 도시 하천으로의 비점오염원 유출특성

박운지,김동욱,안종화,이찬기 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2007 産業技術硏究 Vol.27 No.B

We studied runoff characteristics of combined sewer overflows in a city while it was raining. The event mean concentration (EMC) of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD_(cr)), suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in one of the combined sewer sites in Chuncheon was 63.5-211.6 mg/L, 114.9-523.8 mg/L, 70.3-436.4 mg/L, 6.4-33.0 mg/L, and 1.09-6.81 mg/L, respectively, In another combined sewer, the EMC of BOD, COD, SS, TN, and TP was 42.1-131.4 mg/L, 107.7-256.5 mg/L, 33.7-221.1 mg/L, 7.9-26.4 mg/L, and 1.16-3.91 mg/L, respectively. The ratio of the cumulative pollutant mass and the cumulative discharged volume determined using all parameters (BOD, COD_(cr), SS, TN, and TP was over 1.0, which shows the first flush effect. Relationships between flow and loadings of BOD, C0D_(cr), SS, TN, and TP were 0.90, 0.89, 0.88, 0.89, 0.92, respectively. Although the size of two areas was almost same, Pollutant concentration and loading were different because of the amount of rainfall, rainfall intensity and basin area.

양극화 Al 박 상에 형성된 산화층의 표면적과 밀도

김기철,이경철,안운선,박광자 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1992 論文集 Vol.43 No.1

전해 콘덴서를 만드는 데 쓰이는 알루미늄 박은 그 표면을 etching한 다음에 양극 산화를 시켜서 표면에 산화층을 형성시키고 그 금속/산화금속 계면의 넓이를 극대화 시킨 것이다. 이 산화금속 층의 구조와 계면의 넓이를 판단하기 위해서 etching 처리한 박과 etching에 이어서 양극 산화 처리한 알루미늄 박 산화층의 표면적과 밀도를 중량식 BET 흡착 장치를 이용해서 측정하였다. Aluminium foils used for the electrolytic capacitor are usually prodused by etching the metal surface followed by anodization to form dielectric oxide layers on them with the maximum metal/metal oxide interface area. The densities and surface areas of the surface layer on the etched film as well as those on the anodized film are determined with a gravimetric BET apparatus. The interface areas and the structure of the dielectrics are inferred from the results.

Linear Combination Analysis Using GPS Data

Park, Woon-Yong,Lee, Dong-Rak,Back, Ki-Suk,Hong, Jung-Soo 東亞大學校 建設技術硏究所 2005 硏究論文集 Vol.28 No.2

We can process and compute the position, velocity and time by satellite signals of GPS. The signals are used to compute positioning of three dimensions and timing offset of the receiver clock when we can track the tour satellite signals at least. One of the specified aims is to use less expensive single frequency code/carrier phase GPS receivers, which are typically around half the price of dual frequency receivers. In the study, the author analyzed the accuracy and applicability of frequence linear combination using triangulation points evaluated distance limitation.

유동상 생물막법을 적용한 BNR공법에서의 인제거 영향인자

박운지,김동욱,이찬기 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2006 産業技術硏究 Vol.26 No.B

In this study, the use of MBBR(moving bed biofilm reactor) process for Phosphorus Removal efficiency depending on seasons and the factors affecting phosphorus removal efficiency in the process is evaluated. As a result of experiment, T-P removal efficiency has its highest value in winter, (80.8%). and T-P removal efficiency has its lowest value in autumn, (49%). Optimum SRT for Phosphorus Revomal revealed is about 8.8 days and process performs more efficiently as the temperature decreases. It is accepted that nitrate to anaerobic zone is affecting the Phosphorus removal process. With increasing the organic loading rate, Phosphorus removal efficiency also increases. Also, an experiment has been conducted to find out the highest efficiency according to Media existence and it has revealed that Media addition provides better phosphate removal.

建築物을 土地情報시스템에 登錄하는 方法의 硏究

박운용,이동락,백기석 東亞大學校建設技術硏究所 2004 硏究論文集 Vol.28 No.1

In this study. we investigated 3 methods for precise registration of buildings into LIS. They are : 1. using digital topographic maps. 2. using registered building maps. 3. cadastral surveyings on sites. The first method was found that it hardly met required precision. and the second one was also lack of precision because of unmatched actual buildings with registered ones and many unregistered buildings. The last method produced the most precise results. although it required laborious cadastral surveyings on sites. Considering the importance of building registration as it shows the ownerships of properties. the third method was thought to be desirable.