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개원가의 신생아 BCG 접종 후 투베르쿨린 반응 평가 -접종 방법과 PPD 종류에 의한 차이 비교-
김완주,이선호,안상윤,양승재,오성희,Kim, Wan Ju,Lee, Sun Ho,Ahn, Sang Yoon,Yang, Seung Jae,Oh, Sung Hee 대한소아감염학회 2002 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.9 No.2
Purpose : The number of newborns vaccinated with BCG of Tokyo 172 strain, which has been claimed to cause lesser degree of local adverse events including scar, has recently been increasing. However, tuberculin response to this vaccine has inadequately been studied, especially with newborns cared at primary care clinics. We, therefore, performed a study in newborns vaccinated with BCG at private pediatric offices and evaluated the response to PPD 2TU or PPD 5TU following vaccination with percutaneous or intradermal BCG. Methods : Two hundred infants who had been cared at three private pediatric offices were retrospectively enrolled in the study. One hundred fifty one infants had received percutaneous BCG(Tokyo strain); 129 infants had had tuberuclin test with PPD 2TU and the rest of 22 infants with PPD 5TU. Forty nine infants had received intradermal BCG(28 infants Copenhagen strain, I infant French strain, 20 infants unknown); 35 infants had had tuberculin test with PPD 2TU, 14 infants(11%) with PPD 5TU. Results : In infants vaccinated with percutaneous BCG, the mean induration diameter in tuberculin test was significantly greater with PPD 5TU($12.4{\pm}3.5mm$) compared to PPD 2TU ($9.2{\pm}4.4mm$). In infants vaccinated with intradermal BCG, the mean induration diameters in tuberculin test were $5.7{\pm}5.1mm$ to PPD 2TU and $6.6{\pm}4.8mm$ to PPD 5TU, which were not significantly different. The tuberculin response to PPD 2TU was significantly greater in infants vaccinated with percutaneous BCG compared to those with intradermal BCG. The tuberculin response to PPD 5TU was also significantly greater in infants vaccinated with percutaneous BCG compared to those with intradermal BCG. Conclusion : Percutaneous BCG(Tokyo strain) seems to cause greater response to tuberculin compared to intradermal BCG and PPD 2TU induces weaker response compared to PPD 5TU. Acknowledging some discrepancies from the previously reported data, which might have been due to the different source of the study subjects, more studies are needed to establish the range of tuberculin response following BCG vaccination in order to differentiate from tuberculosis.
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은닉 IP 주소 기반의 웹 접속 로그 분석을 통한 사이버 정찰행위 모델링
김완주,박창욱,이수진,임재성 보안공학연구지원센터(JSE) 2016 보안공학연구논문지 Vol.13 No.3
최근 사이버공격은 지속적으로 증가하고 있으며, 공격에 대한 신속한 대응을 위해 공격행위를 사 전에 인지하는 것이 중요한 요소로 부각되고 있다. 그러나 일반적으로 공격자는 자신의 공격을 은닉 하기 위해 VPN, Proxy 등을 이용하여 자신의 IP를 숨기는 기법을 활용하고 있어 공격행위의 사전 인 지가 쉽지 않다. 이에 본 논문에서는 은닉 IP를 통해 접속한 공격자의 웹 로그를 수집 및 분석하여 은닉 IP 기반의 사이버 정찰행위 패턴을 모델링할 수 있는 기법을 제안한다. 수집된 웹 로그는 소셜 네트워크분석(SNA, Social Network Analysis) 및 K-means 클러스터링 기법을 이용하였으며, 정상적 인 행위자의 웹 로그와의 비교를 통해 은닉 IP를 사용하는 공격자의 정찰행위가 정상 행위와는 확연하게 차별화됨을 검증한다. Recently, cyber attacks are constantly increasing, and the recognition of cyber attacks beforehand has risen in prominence for the rapid response. However, since the attackers generally use hidden IP via VPN or Proxy to hide their actions and origins, it is not easy to recognize their attacks in advance. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose an approach to extract the cyber reconnaissance activity pattern of the attacker who uses hidden IP. We first collected the web logs that generated by the attackers who had accessed certain web pages using hidden IP. Then we analysed the collected web logs based on SNA(Social Network Analysis) and K-means clustering algorithm, and extracted some differentiated behavior patterns. We also compare the extracted behavior patterns and the normal behavior patterns of general web users to verify the differences of them.
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