Genetic Diversity of Korean Rice Breeding Parents as Measured by DNA Fingerprinting with Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers

Song,Moon-Tae,Lee,Jeom-Ho,Lee,Sang-Bok,Cho,Youn-Sang,Ku,Ja-hwan,Seo,Kyoung-In,Choi,Seong-ho,Hwang,Heung-Goo 한국자원식물학회 2003 Plant Resources Vol.6 No.1

Molecular markers are useful tools for evaluating genetic diversity and determining cultivar identity. Present study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity within a diverse collection of rice accessions used for Korean breeding programs. Two hundred eighty-seven rice cultivars, composed of temperate japonica, tropical japonica, indica, and Tongil-type of Korean crossing parents were evaluated by means of 15 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 99 alleles were detected, and the number of alleles per marker ranged from 4 to 11, with an average of 6.6 per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) for each of the SSR markers ranged from 0.2924 to 0.8102 with an average of 0.5785. These results, with the result that use of only 15 SSR markers made all rice cultivars examined could be uniquely distinguished, imply the efficiency of SSR markers for analysis of genetic diversity in rice. Cluster analysis was performed on similar coefficient matrics calculated from SSR markers to generate a dendogram in which two major groups corresponding to japonica (Group I) and indica and Tongil type rice (group II) with additional subclasses within both major groups. The narrowness of the Korean breeding germplasm was revealed by the fact that most of the Korean-bred and Japan-bred temperate japonica cultivars were concentrated into only 2 of the sub-group I-1 (143 cultivars) and I-2 (58 cultivars) among six sub-groups in major group of japonica. This is because of the japonica accessions used in this study was a very closely related ones because of frequent sharing of the crossing parents with similar genetic background with synergy effect of the inherited genetic difference between indica and japonica. A rice breeding strategy with the use of molecular markers was discussed for overcoming of genetic vulnerability owing to this genetic narrowness.

Effect of Temperature Associated with Early Growth Stimulus on Shortening of Heading Dates in Rice

Song,Moon-Tae,Lee,Jeom-Ho,Cho,Youn-Sang,Hwang,Hung-Goo 한국자원식물학회 2002 Plant Resources Vol.5 No.2

The heading date is known to be controlled by two kinds of genetic constituent, photosensitivity and basic vegetable phase. For the latter, the effect of temperature in early growth period is critical to determine the shortness of vegetative growth periods in plant s life. A phytotron experiment on 55 rice cultivars, consisting of two ecotypes of rices, indica and japonica, was conducted at high and low temperature treatments at early growth stage to investigate the possible role of plant growth stimulus by high temperature to associate with shortening of heading date. The high temperature during the early growth stage stimulated the rice growth as measured by plant height with much difference of the growth response between indica and japonica. The conclusive finding that these growth stimulus in early growth stage was highly correlated with the acceleration of heading is, more or less, correlated with the heading of the late growth stage although we could not conclude the genes for early plant growth stimulus by high temperature is the same genes as the genes for accelerating of heading in the late growth stage of plants.

PARADIGM SHIFTS IN SOUTH-KOREAN PUBLIC POLICY

宋文永 수원대학교 2006 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

인간의 사고와 행위는 일정한 기간에 걸쳐서 일정한 경향을 보이며 특정유형을 형성한다. 사람으로 구성된 조직도 일정한 기간에 걸쳐서 특정유형을 형성하면서 조직적 사고와 조직해위가 이루 워 진다. 일정 기간을 단위로 하여 국가 정부의 정책형성의 변형 유형을 살펴보는 것은 연구의 실효성을 높여 줄 수 있다. 한국의 공공정책 유형을 파악하기 위하여 두시기로 나누어 분석 한다. 첫 번째는 대한민국 정부 수립 이후부터 1960년대 초엽의 5-16 군사 혁명 시기를 걸쳐서 1970년대의 급속한 경제개발과 1980년대 지속적 경제개발 시대에 걸치는 시기이고, 두 번째는 군사 배경의 정부시대가 지나고 민간 정부시대로 진입하면서 오히려 정치적 민주화가 국가의 지속적 경제발전을 둔화 시키는 역설적 현상이 버러지고 있는 시기이다. 이러한 국가 발전유형의 변화에 적응 하여 분야별 공공 정책 유형도 크게 영향을 받을 수밖에 없기에 이르게 되었다. ‘민주화유보-국가 경제 발전우선 형’ 정책 유형에서 ‘경제 성장 유보-정치발전-분배우선 형’ 정책 유형으로 번질 되기에 이른다. 국내외 상황 변화에 상응한 국가 발전 정책 유형의 적절한 변용이 요청 되는 바 그중 중요한 변수를 중심으로 한 개략화한 도표를 중심으로 국가정책 방향의 과거와 현재를 분석 평가하고 바람직한 미래의 국가발전비젼을 제시해 볼 수 있다. 국가 공공 정책유형의 변용 ◁표 삽입▷(원문을 참조하세요) 바야흐로 무한 경쟁 시대로 치닫고 있는 국내외 정책 환경 하에서 굳건히 생존하기 위해서는 여기에 예외 대응한 국가정책 차원에서 시기 적적한 정책 유형의 변용이 어느 때 보다도 긴밀히 요청된다. 새 정책 유형 하에서 국가역할은 세계화와 이에 수반하는 개방 환경에 부응하기 위해서 경쟁원리에 입각하는 자본주의적 시장경쟁논리에 순응한 국가정책 유형의 방향을 잡아 나가야 한다. 1960년대나 1970년대 형 국가 주도식 직접 통제정책 유형에서 어느 정도 까지는 자유 시장 논리에 따르는 유연정책으로 국가 발전방향을 조절해나갈 것이 요청되는 상황에 우리는 처해 있다. 요컨대 현재의 한국의 정치 현실처럼 실효성 없는 극한대립의 극우 또는 극좌적 이념 논쟁으로서는 국가 생존 역량만 잠식할 뿐이라는 사실을 우리는 명심할 필요가 있다. For our convenient understanding of the developments of public policy paradigm shifts in South Korea, the areas of public policy can be divided into two periods, the first from 1962, the establishment of the first military-originated government in Republic of Korea, until 1992, the second from 1992 onwards until the present days. The first period was characterized by the prevalency of discrete policy paradigm of rapid national economic development initiated by the so-called military-originated governments, especially President Park Jung-Hee government who exercised great leadership for rapid national economic development at that time. On the contrary, the second period was characterized by that of stagnant national development caused by civilian governments' policy paradigm failures, such as two Kim's governments' development policy failures and the incumbent President Roh Moo-Hyun government's tenacious leftist anti-market policy paradigm. On the other hand, from national dimensional 'way of thinking', the late President Park Jung-Hee's state-development vision belongs to a different level from those of the other successive South Korean Presidents. The fomier's mental-attitude world is based upon the so-called 'New-village campaign paean song' philosophy, encouraging strongly the positive, proactive, and dynamic way of thinking to all the South Korean people. On the contrary, the latter's one upon the so-called 'gloomy sunday' style of negative, static, and retrogressive vision. We can make sure how much conspicuously a country leader's philosophical world could turn the national destiny towards either happiness or unhappiness. We can also confirm that there have been a number of significant changes to policy making in South Korea since 1990s, reflected and reinforced by the increased number and range of policy making actors and institutions, and their changing roles. This, in turn, has yielded corresponding changes in the relationships between them. The core changes of policy making paradigm in South Korea which have occurred since the 1960s through to the 1990s onwards are evinced as follows. Main paradigm shifts in the South-Korean policy making process, 1992-2006 ◁표 삽입▷(원문을 참조하세요) In the context of the above policy paradigm shifts in South Korea, the role of the state government has itself undergone a somewhat paradoxical change. The rhetoric of the 1980s related to policy paradigm in the western developed countries proudly Proclaimed that the state was being 'rolled back' and so government intervention greatly reduced. With South Korea also influenced by this global tendencies, it might be expected that South-Korean government would now be weaker, and play a lesser role in the policy making process In the case of South Korea, instead of having been 'rolled back', the state, especially under the leftist political regimes, namely Kim Dae-jung and Rob Moon-Hy-tin governments, has been restructured, and that in many policy areas, government intervention has not so much diminished as manifested itself in different guises. We can easily ascertain that the Quick extrication from the so-called DAP financial crisis led to the positive role of the state as well as the intervention of the South-Korean leftist governments at that time. Moreover, it goes without saying that the 'rolling back' of the state and reinforcement of government interference under the President Roh Moo-Hyun administration was attributable to his governing philosophy of wealth-distribution-oriented policymaking strategy. Yet South-Korean government has remained heavily dependent on the cooperation of various other policy actors to ensure the successful implementation of many policies. Hence the shift from government as traditionally defined to governance, where 'the government' is but one of many actors in the policy process, albeit the key one overall. The transition from government to governance does riot mean that the state is less active and more laissez-faire, but that its activities and mode of intervention are of a qualitatively different character than previously. In the open and changeable global circumstances, the desirable directions of state government will he turned towards the free capitalist market system so that national core policy can be controlled by the competitive marketist rules. The state government will carry out supporting roles such as taking care of outside influencing factors which the market cannot deal with. The policy intervention of state government is, according to circumstances, inevitable for the sustainable national development. In case of need, government policy intervention will be limited to the minimum level by strict requirements so that market system functions will not be distorted, in order to strengthen the sustainable national development.

Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO) Operation: From Design to Initial Results

Moon-Jin Jeon,Young-Ho Cho,김은혁,Dong-Gyu Kim,Young-Joo Song,홍승범,Jonghee Bae,Jun Bang,Jo Ryeong Yim,Dae-Kwan Kim 한국우주과학회 2024 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.41 No.1

Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO) is South Korea’s first space exploration mission, developed by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute. It aims to develop technologies for lunar exploration, explore lunar science, and test new technologies. KPLO was launched on August 5, 2022, by a Falcon-9 launch vehicle from cape canaveral space force station (CCSFS) in the United States and placed on a ballistic lunar transfer (BLT) trajectory. A total of four trajectory correction maneuvers were performed during the approximately 4.5-month trans-lunar cruise phase to reach the Moon. Starting with the first lunar orbit insertion (LOI) maneuver on December 16, the spacecraft performed a total of three maneuvers before arriving at the lunar mission orbit, at an altitude of 100 kilometers, on December 27, 2022. After entering lunar orbit, the commissioning phase validated the operation of the mission mode, in which the payload is oriented toward the center of the Moon. After completing about one month of commissioning, normal mission operations began, and each payload successfully performed its planned mission. All of the spacecraft operations that KPLO performs from launch to normal operations were designed through the system operations design process. This includes operations that are automatically initiated post-separation from the launch vehicle, as well as those in lunar transfer orbit and lunar mission orbit. Key operational procedures such as the spacecraft’s initial checkout, trajectory correction maneuvers, LOI, and commissioning were developed during the early operation preparation phase. These procedures were executed effectively during both the early and normal operation phases. The successful execution of these operations confirms the robust verification of the system operation.

鐵道車輛 Disel Engine의 排出 Gas 現況및 低減方案에 관한 硏究

송문석 철도전문대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.13 No.1

Disk 溫度 및 走行速度 變化에 따른 制動 特性에 관한 硏究

宋文錫 철도전문대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.9 No.1

This pauper consists of five chapter, which can be summarized as follows. Chapter I comprises the object, the necessity and the content of this study as a preface. Several urgent problems motivate this study of brake system. As we know, most trains which are running these days are equipped with disk brake system and maximum. Therefore It is high time that the importance of brake system should be emphasized and studied. This study aims at investigating many effects on braking : Disk and lining represent different braking Characteristics under various conditions in braking ; Disk and lining vary friction coefficient and temperature in relation to changing temperature and speed, which cause the variation of brake distance. And it should be noted how friction coefficient and humidity in the atmosphere affect braking. Chapter II ILLUSTRATES THE METHOD AND APPARATUS USED IN EXPERIMENT, tHE TESTED USED IN EXPEDIENT IS THE SAME TESTED AS k.n.r HAS, AND IS MADE UNDER SAME CONDITIONS COMPARED WITH TRAINS DUNNING RECENTLY. Chapter III shows characteristics and conditions of brake lining, which must produce constant braking power by constant friction coefficient without damaging brake disk friction surface. Chapter IV is composed of three paragraphs, which represents the effects and careful study of experiment acquired by brake tester. Chapter V is mainly made of the most important conclusions in this study. By studying braking characteristics relating disk temperature and running speed variation, the following important conclusions are constructed as to brake tested. 1. The value made by expedient at the time when dunning speed and disk temperature in early stage of braking are constant, is applied to TORQUE and I.F.C by minimum square method and experiment formula is diagrammed and each value can be obtained. 2. After junction braking, to repeat braking under the ascending temperature of disk causes the prolongation of brake distance and the delay of brake time because of the reduction of I.F.C. So, while operating train, it is desirable to avoid repeating sudden braking. 3. It is generally thought that high humidity in the atmosphere bring about the descent of frictioncoefficient when braking, but I,F.C seldom changes according to the variation of humidity. 4. It is predictable that the lining on a large scale can produce the prolongation of brake distance and the delay of brake time because of the reduction of I.F.C. 5. Lining has peculiar characteristics, physical and chemical, which accompany the reduction of friction coefficient, the prolongation of brake distance, and the delay of brake time.

直接噴射式 디젤機關의 메탄올 混入량 變化에 따른 機關特性에 관한 硏究

宋文錫,金英孝 철도전문대학교 1993 論文集 Vol.10 No.1

The effects of methanol fumigation on engine performance and emissions characteristics, instantaneous temperature and heat flux in combustion chamber wall of direct injection diesel engine have been investigated. As the amount of methanol fumigation increasing, the engine output decreases, and the emissions concentration of smoke and NO_(x) decreases remarkably, and the instantaneous surface temperature and heat flux of combustion chamber wall are decreased. Maximum heat flux at methanol volume ratio 30% decrease 2.3MW/㎡ and maximum heat flux reduction rate decrease 39% than that of diesel engine.

市民의 理解地平 및 共同體意識과 公共官僚制機能의 方向에 관한 硏究

宋文吉 관동대학교 1996 關大論文集 Vol.24 No.2

In Kang-Reung community, I have found that the homogeneousness level of understanding horizontality which influences the community consciousness is no more than 4.1 points of a possible 10.0 the community consciousness level is no more than 4.6 points of 10.0, and the correlation coefficient (Pearson's R) between the two is 0.35. The community consciousness has been internalized through the political socialization. It requries not only the stability and development of the political system but also the democratic politicization of public bureaucracy. Public employees should be aware of the legitimacy of political demands, they should understand that an agency must be held accountable for its actions to the public and its elected and appointed leaders, and citizens as provided through law can make claims against the public bureaucracy and anticipate a timely response. Citizens can also be protected from capricious or harsh treatment through procedural guarantees. Acess and the sharing of power and influence in policy matters are recognized as necessary feautures of public making. The democratic politicization if public bureaucracy is broader than more responsiveness to pressures that determine an agency's survival. It is also concerned with equalizing opportunities for citizens and recognizing the legitimacy of alternative and competing political values. More over it compels a recognition of the importance of formal political control and supervision of agency activities, and it counters such behaviors as corruption, improper influence, and hostility by public employees. The democratic politicization of public bureaucracy, then, refers to a broad scope of elements forcing the organizations to come to grips democratically with its external environment.

전남지역의 소득 및 고용구조 개선에 관한 연구

송문갑,김병무 순천대학교 지역개발연구소 1990 地域開發硏究 Vol.1 No.-

According to the traditional economic theory, a regional economy is supposed to go through a balanced growth rather than an unbalanced one mainly due to equi-marginal efficiency of capital among different regions. Unfortunnately, however, this traditional theory doesn't seem to be realized in Chonnam region even thought the central goverment has been implementing economic development projects in the last three decades. Accordingly, this study was begun to analyze and find out the causes why Chonnam region has been retarded in economic growth in Korea. Some of the findings could summarized as follows: 1)VA(value added) elasticity of capital in Chonnam region was turned out to be relatively higher, but that of labor was lower, than the national everage; 2)Localization of agriculture has ben very high but that of manufacturing industry was very low in Chonnam region compared to national figure according to the statistical analysis done in this study; 3)Lobor forces were over-croweed in agricultural sector, whereas only a amall portion of labor was employed by manufacturing industry in this region; 4)Economic growth of Chonnam has been retared and very slow in this part of the country, mainly due to the isolation from the main stream of national economic development. In sum, Chonnam region couldn't improve the current situation of economic under-development in relative terms unless there is heavy investment in manufacturing industry in Chonnam region.

뇌졸중 환자에 관한 기술역학적 조사연구

송문식,이태용,이동배 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1990 충남의대잡지 Vol.17 No.1

Two hundreds and ninety-one cases of cerebrovascular accident patients, admitted at one general hospital, located at Taejeon city were studied descriptively for five years from January, 1984 to December, 1988. 1. Among the 291 cases, cerebral hemorrhage were 65.6%, subarachnoid hemorrhage were 16.2%, cerebral embolism were 10.0%, and cerebral thrombosis were 8.2%. 2. The sex ratio was 1:1.1(M:F), and the sixth decade was the most prevalent age group. The seasonal incidence was highest in spring, and winter, summer, and autumn were followings in the order. The time of onset of incidence was most prevalent between 13:00 and 22:00. 3. As for the associates at the onset of CVA, rest was 33.5%, and was work 23.8%. The most common symptoms were nausea, vomiting and headache. Patients admitted with recurrent attacks were 16.9%. The rate of patient with the past history of hypertension and cardiovascular disease were 53.3%. 4. The overall mortality of cerebrovascular accident was 13.0%, of CVA patient the mortality rates of subarachnoid hemorrhage were 23.0%, cerebral hemorrhage were 13.0%, cerebral thrombosis 8.0%, and cerebral embolism 3.0%, in that order. 5. Hypertension was found in 80.0% of total cases; the common findings of electrocaridography were normal and left ventricular hypertrophy; 82.1% of chest X-ray findings was normal: normal levels of S-cholesterol, s-triglyceride, s-glucose, urine protein, and urine glucose were 94.3%, 66.0%, 72.5% and 53.8% respectively.