渤海人의 契丹 內地로의 강제 遷徙와 居住地 檢討

임상선(LIM Sang-sun) 고구려발해학회 2013 고구려발해연구 Vol.47 No.-

渤海 멸망 이전 契丹의 遼東 지역 점유 과정으로부터 928년 東丹國의 遷徙에 이르기까지 渤海 지역에서 契丹 內地로의 渤海人의 천사를 『遼史』 地理志를 중심으로 검토해 보았다. 발해가 멸망하기 이전에 거란 지역에서 발해인이 거주한 곳으로는 上京道에서는 臨潢府의 潞縣, 饒州의 長樂縣이 있다. 東京道에서는 遼州, 同州의 東平縣·永昌縣, 瀋州 소속 巖州의 白巖縣, 廣州, 銀州, 辰州가 있었다. 926년 발해 멸망 직후, 발해인이 천사된 지역으로는 上京道에서 臨潢府의 長泰縣, 定?縣, 保和縣, 宣化縣이고, 祖州의 長?縣, 懷州의 扶餘縣·顯理縣, 慶州의 富義縣, 永州의 長寧縣·義?縣, 饒州의 臨河縣·安民縣에 발해인이 있었다. 東京道에서는 通州의 扶餘縣·顯義縣·强帥縣, 龍州의 黃龍縣·遷民縣, 韓州가 있고, 이밖에 중경도 錦州 소속의 巖州도 발해 포로로 이루어진 주였다. 928년 12월부터 거란은 後患을 염려하여 옛 발해 지역에 있던 東丹國과 그 주민을 거란 지역으로 천사시켰다. 발해 上京龍泉府는 東京遼陽府의 遼陽縣·仙鄕縣·鶴野縣·析木縣·興遼縣, 그리고 湖州와 渤州로 천사되었고, 中京玄德府는 盧州·鐵州·興州는 발해와 거란의 주의 명칭이 같고, 거란 崇州는 발해 榮州를 잘못 표기한 것으로 생각된다. 東京龍原府의 慶州가 거란에서는 開州로 명칭이 바뀌었고, 나머지 鹽·穆·賀 3州는 명칭이 바뀌지 않은채 옮겨졌다. 西京鴨?府의 神州는 거란에서는 ?州로 개칭되고, 나머지 桓州, ?州, 正州는 명칭이 바뀌지 않았으며, 南京南海府의 沃州는 거란에서는 海州로 바뀌고, 해주의 소속 주인 耀州와 嬪州는 남경남해부의 椒州와 晴州가 명칭이 바뀌어 옮겨간 것이다. 5경 이외에 遂州와 信州는 발해의 懷遠府에 있던 주민이 옮겨간 곳이고, 발해의 특수한 주인 ?州·銅州·涑州의 3개 州도 천사되었다. 『요사』 지리지에서 천사 시기를 밝히지 않고, ‘本 무슨 무슨 곳 --- 故縣’, 혹은 ‘故縣’ 만으로 표시된 州, 縣은 東丹國이 천사될 때의 주, 현인 것으로 보인다. 다만, 천사된 戶는 각 府·州·縣의 지배적 집단이었을 가능성이 높고, 그 호수는 모두 발해인이라 하더라도, 이것이 각 부·주·현의 전체 호수라고는 할 수 없을 것이다. This study reviewed the Balhe People’s deportation from their Balhae territory to the inland of Gulran during the period from the Gulan tribal’s occupation on the Liadong region before the Balhe’s fall to the nation Dongran’s deportation in 928 around the geographic book 『The Khitans’ History』 As the areas that Balhae people had resided in Khitan’s ruling region before the Nation Balhae fell, there were Ro-hyun in Limwhang-bu, Sanggyeong-do and Jangak-hyun in Yo-ju. In Donggyeong-do, some Balhae people lived in Ryo-ju, Dongpyung-hyun and Yeongchang-hyun in Dong-ju, Baekam-hyun in Am-ju govered by Sim-ju, Gawng-ju, Eun-ju, and Jin-ju. Immediately after the Nation Balhae fell in 926, some Balhe people were forcibly moved to Jangtae-hyun, Jeongpae-hyun, Bowha-hyun and Seonwha-hyun in Limwhang-bu, Sanggyeong-do, Jangpae-hyun in Jo-ju, or Buyeo-hyun and Hyeon-rhiyun in Whoi-ju, Buihyun in Geyong-ju, Jangneyong-hyun and Woipung-hyun in Yeong-ju, or Limha-hyun and Anmin-hyun in Yo-ju. In Donggyeong-do, as the regions where the Balhae people lived, there were Buyeo-hyn and Hyunwoi-hyun and Gangsu-hyun in Tong-ju, Whangryonghyun, Cheonmin-hyun in Yong-ju, and Han-ju. Besides, Am-ju governed by Geum-ju, Junggyeong-do was made of Balhae captives. Sine Decemer in 928, the Khitan government forcibly moved the people of nation Dongran which had founded in the former Balhae’s territory to some regions governed by the Nation Khitan in order to prevent Dongra’s people’s resistance. The residents in Sanggyeong Yeongcheon-bu, the capital of former Balhae were forcibly moved to Royang-hun, Seonhayng-hyun, Hakya-hyun, Seokmokhyun, and Hongro-hyun in Donggyeong Yoyang-bu, and some residents were forcibly moved to the regions of Ho-ju and Bal-ju. It is considered that the Ro-ju, Cheol-ju, and Heung-ju, the adminstrative districts of Junggyeong Hyunduk-bu might have the same names with Nation Khitan’s regions, and Sung-ju under the Nation Khitan might mistakenly been written the Yeongju under the Nation Balhae. Gyeong-ju in Donggyeong Yongwonbu changed its name into Gae-ju under the Nation Khitan, and the 3 states of Yeom-ju, Mok-ju and Ha-ju remanied their names. Shin-ju in Seogyeong Aprok-bu changed its name into Rok-ju under the Nation Khitan, and the rest s3tates of Whan-ju, Pung-ju and Jeong-ju remained their names. Ok-ju in Namgyoeng Namhae-bu was changed its name to Hae-ju under the Nation Khitan, and the both states of Yo-ju and Bin-hu governed by Hae-ju were the names changed from Cho-ju and Cheong-ju governed by Namgyeong Namhae-bu. Besides the 5 gyeongs, the both states of Su-ju and Sin-hu were the regions where the Balhae residents living lived in Hhoiwon-bu under the Nation Balhae were forcibly moved into, and the residnets in 3 states specially managed by the Nation Balhae were forcibly moved to Yeongju, Dong-ju, and Sok-ju. Jus and Hyuns written in form of former 00 hyun or simply a former hyun not being writing the deportation period in the geographic book 『The Khitans’ History』 are considered as the jus and hyuns at the time when the residents of Nation Dongran were forcibly moved. But only it is very possible that forcibly moved houses(戶) might be the ruling groups of each Bu(府), Ju(州) or Hyun(縣), and even though the number of forcibly moved houses(Ho) might be composed of all Balhae people, they couldn’t be considered the number of total houses in each Bu, Ju or Hyun.

朴殷植의 『渤海太祖建國誌』의 검토

임상선(Lim, Sang-sun) 한국사학사학회 2004 韓國史學史學報 Vol.0 No.10

Balhaethaejogeongukji which was written by Park eun-sik in 1911 has many meanings in Balhae(渤海) history. Above all Balhaethaejogeongukji is the first book that dealt with Balhae history after the practical science period. This book means on the subject of the establishment of Balhaethaejo but also really described the whole Balhae history from the founding to the early 9th century. And this book dealt with various fields which included politics, society, culture, customs, diplomacy, geography and so on in the whole Balhae history. Second in the situation that had national rights taken away under the rule of Japanese imperialism Balhaethaejogeongukji studied the whole Balhae history with Koguryo(高句麗) which was an extension of noticing Manju(滿洲) area for life and an independence movement. Park eun-sik told it was important that we knew our history to recover our race and nation and the system followed Dangunchosun(檀君朝鮮), Koguryo and Balhae.Third it is different that Park eun-sik described the whole Balhae history on a survey on the other hand Chin chae-ho(申采浩)'s description about Balhae stayed the step on the theory of knowledge. It is a lot of analogous contents between Chin chae-ho's Doksasinron(讀史新論) was published in 1908 previous Park eun-sik and Park eun-sik's Balhaethaejogeongukji. Finally understanding Balhae history of Park eun-sik succeeded to previous realist and affected the study about Balhae history of contemporary and after nationalism historians greatly. Recognizing Nambukjo(南北朝) of Balhae and Shira(新羅) was affected by Yu dekgong(柳得恭), Kim jeng-ho(金正浩) and Kim taek-young(金澤榮). Men who recognized and emphasized that Balhae acceded to Koguryo and had great importance in Korean history were Yu dek-gong, Kim taek-young, Jang ji-yeon(張志淵), Chin chae-ho and so on. And Park eun-sik exerted great influence on recognizing Balhae of Shin gyu-sik(申圭植), Jang do-bin (張道斌), Kwon duk-gyu(權悳奎), Hwang ui-don(黃義敦) and Kim sang-gi(金庠基) after Balhaethaejogeongukji.

요통환자에 있어서 MRI 소견상 추간판 팽윤의 임상적 의의

선호영,조성일,이정웅,임상덕,정상돈,윤영석 최신의학사 1993 最新醫學 Vol.36 No.12

브랜드 인지도와 광고가 콘택트렌즈의 착용감과 가격만족도에 미치는 영향

임동규 ; 신상준 ; 한지선 ; 이익한 ; 김진숙 김천대학교 2016 김천대학교 논문집 Vol.36 No.-

The purpose of this research was to analyze the effects of brand awareness and brand advertising on price satisfaction and comfort in contact lens. We did a survey with 200 university students (85 male, 115 female) who have experience of wearing contact lens from April to May in 2015. The brand awareness of contact lens influences to purchasing intention of contact lens, it effects women more than men. Many respondents(53%) replied that the reliability is the most important elements of the advertising. This survey indicates that there is no statistically significant correlation between the brand awareness and advertisement with price satisfaction in contact lens. Therefore we could confirm they have dissatisfaction for prices of contact lens regardless to brand awareness or advertisement. The brand and advertising dependence group have more comfort of contact lens than non-dependence group when they are long time wear of contact lens. Therefore, there is statistically significant correlation between the brand awareness and advertisement with comfort of contact lens. As a result, brand awareness and reliability of advertising influences to purchasing intention of contact lens. But there is no statistically significant correlation with price satisfaction in contact lens. Whereas, brand awareness and advertisement have a statistically significant correlation with comfort of contact lens.

일본 중등학교 역사교과서의 발해 관련 내용 연구

임상선 한국사회과교육연구학회 2002 사회과교육 Vol.41 No.2

발해는 동아시아의 주요 구성 분자이며, 과거만이 아니라 현대의 동아시아를 바라 보는 창구와 같은 존재라고 할 수 있다. 일본의 중학교 역사 교과서에서는 발해사가 전후 맥락을 이해할 정도의 설명이 이루어지지 못하고 있으나, 고등학교 역사교과서는 분량상이나 내용면에서 자세하다. 중학교 역사교과서 중에는 발해가 고구려의 땅에서 고구려 후손을 중심으로 건국되었다는 것을 명사한 것도 있으나, 발해가 일본과의 교류나 영역 표시 등이 일본사를 설명하는 보조적인 위치에 머물러 있다. 반면에 고등학교 역사교과서는 발해가 당과 신라의 군사적 위협으로부터 일본의 지원, 그리고 경제적 이득 때문에 일본의 조공국 혹은 속국 대우를 감수하였다며, 발해를 일종의 열등한 나라로 서술하는 등 지나치게 자국사 입장이어서 시정이 필요하다. Balhae is main component of east Asia and can be an existence like a window to get a view of east Asia not only of the present but also of the past. In the textbook of history of Japanese middle school, more explanation is needed about Balhae to understand its context. But in the textbook of history of Japanese high school, fuller explanation is given than that in quantity and in quality. In the textbook of history of middle school, though it's described Balhae is almost founded by descendants of Koguryo, interchange or indication of territory between Balhae and Japan is limited to assistant position to explain Japanese history. In the textbook of history of high school, it's described Balhae is resigned to Japanese treatment as a tributary or a country to pay taxes because Balhae can make a profit on economy and support of Japan from military threatening of Tang and Shila. Thus Balhae is described as a kind of backward country. It's partial to domestic angle too much, so correct errors is needed.

운동이 일부 남녀 대학생들의 혈청과 뇨중 칼슘, 마그네슘 및 아연함량에 미치는 영향

임상선,김형락,차연수,안창범,정복미 여수대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.11 No.2

This study investigated the effect of regular exercise on mineral status in college students. Mineral status for calcium, magnesium, and zinc was evaluated prior to beginning the study and again after 35 days of exercise training for 30 minutes per day. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) Serum concentrations of calcium and magnesium were decreased in female subjects but were not affected in males. 2) Urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium was significantly increased in male subjects but unchanged in females. 3) Serum and urinary zinc concentrations were not affected in either male or female subjects. These results suggest that regular exercise may have different effect on calcium and magnesium in humans, depending on gender.

12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate에 의한 HL-60 세포 분화유도중 Vimentin 유전자 전사조절에 대한 AP-1의 역할

임규,김진희,권도원,김승민,이명선,윤경아,손미영,박종일,윤완희,황병두 忠南大學校 癌共同硏究所 1998 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.2 No.1

Purpose: To gain insight on the role of AP-1 in transcriptional regulation of vimentin gene during differentiation of HL-60 cells by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the levels of vimentin mRNA and AP-1 have been investigated with Northern blot hybridization and DNA mobility shift assay. Materials and Methods: HL-60 cells were grown in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum and antibiotics in a humidified 5% CO_(2) at 37°C. Total RNA was prepared by a modification of the method of Karlinsey et al. Northern blot hybridization was performed by the method of Virca et al. EcoRI fragment of pVIM-GEM was used as probe for vimentin mRNA. DNA mobility shift assay was performed by the method of Lim et al. End labeled DNA probe(Upper strand, 5'-CGCTTGATGAGTCAGCCG- 3') for AP-1 binding activity was mixed with nuclear extracts in a 20 μl reaction volume containing 300 mM KC1, 60 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 25 mM MgCl_(2), 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, 60% glycerol, and 2μg of poly[dI-dC]. Results: TPA increased vimentin mRNA levels, with maximal stimulation reached at 24 hr. The level of vimentin mRNA was induced in proportion to the concentration of TPA. TPA-induced vimentin mRNA was almost reduced by actinomycin-D pretreatment. TPA-induced stimulation of vimentin gene was completely reduced by staurosporin pretreatment. In DNA mobility shift assay, AP-1 newly appeared at 24 hr during TPA-induced differentiation and was almost not detected after the pretreatment of staurosporin. Conclusions: These results suggest that the induction of vimentin mRNA during TPA-dependent differentiation in HL-60 cells may be mediated by protein kinases C signal transduction and AP-1 is important to transcriptional regulation.

動物에 대한 遺傳因子 位置의 究明

林尙圭,金泰善 대구보건대학 1991 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

Mapping of gene locus in animals is the basic step to manipulate genes for the purpose of developing superior performances and protecting disease. However, we do not know how many genes are contributed to the tram and where it is located on the chromosomes. Research for the identification of gene locations in animals is infant stage, but successful resuite in gene mapping of the human and experimental animal had been applied to disease, etiology of cancer and gene manipulation. There are two different approachs toward the mapping of genes : · Gene transfer of hybrid clones between animal somatic cells and transformed mutant cells(somatic cell hybridization and chromosome mediated gene transfer). · Direct assignment of genes by in situ hybridization of DNA of a specific type to fixed animal chromosomes. This study was described the methods and strategies in mapping genes in animals.

퇴비 및 액비 시용에 따른 수수×수단그라스와 이탈리안라이그라스 작부체계의 수량과 양분흡수량 및 토양 유효 질소 및 인 변화

임상선,이광승,전병준,이세인 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 2011 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.46 No.-

This study was conducted to investigate productivity and nutrients uptake of Sorghum×Sudan grass (SSG) and Italian ryegrass (IRG) cropping system with cattle manure compost and liquid pig manure application, respectively. Changes in mineral N and available P concentration before and after each cropping were also examined. Dry matter yield ranged from 2.12 to 2.86 ton ha-1 for SSG and from 3.57 to 6.08 ton ha-1 for IRG. Forage productivity observed in this study was substantially lower than other studies probably due both to low precipitation during cropping season and to soil characteristics; lower pH (<5) and available P concentration (ranged from 98.6 to 174.8) than the soils used in the previous studies. The uptake of N and P also showed very similar pattern to dry matter yield; IRG had higher nutrients uptake than SSG. According to nutrient balance analysis, 76.4% of N and 76.9% of P2O5 applied to the fields (161 kg N ha-1 and 265 kg P2O5 ha-1) were not assimilated by SSG. For IRG, 50.2% (133 kg N ha-1) of N applied (265 kg N ha-1) was not taken up; meanwhile, the amount of P2O5 assimilated by IRG was 75 kg P2O5 ha-1, and this was 49 kg P2O5 ha-1 more than that of applied P2O5 (26 kg P2O5 ha-1) as liquid manure, indicating additional P uptake from the soils. Accordingly, mineral N (NH4 + and NO3 -) and available P concentrations of the soils increased after SSG harvest as compared with the soils before cultivation, but they decreased after IRG cultivation. Such differences in nutrient uptake by plant and soil nutrient availability could be attributed to the contrasting availability of nutrients in the compost and liquid manure. Organic forms of nutrients included in the compost is likely to be released slowly by decomposition of organic matter and thus the nutrients released could be utilized by the next crop (IRG) rather than by the crop (SSG) to which compost was applied. On the other hand, as most nutrients in liquid manure is readily available, N and P in the liquid manure could be assimilated by IRG. Therefore, it might be necessary to consider both compost (slowly available) and liquid manure (rapidly available) to achieve a goal production of forage.

12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate에 의한 HL-60 세포 분화유도중 Vimentin 유전자 전사조절에 대한 AP-1의 역할

임규,김진희,권도원,김승민,이명선,윤경아,손미영,박종일,윤완희,황병두 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1999 생물공학연구지 Vol.7 No.-

Purpose: To gain insight on the role of AP-1 in transcriptional regulation of vimentin gene during differentiation of HL-60 cells by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the levels of vimentin mRNA and AP-1 have been investigated with Northern blot hybridization and DNA mobility shift assay. Materials and Methods: HL-60 cells were grown in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum and antibiotics in a humidified 5% CO_2 at 37℃. Total RNA was prepared by a modification of the method of Karlinsey et al. Northern blot hybridization was performed by the method of Virca et al. EcoRI fragment of pVIM-GEM was used as probe for vimentin mRNA. DNA mobility shift assay was performed by the method of Lim et al. End labeled DNA probe(Upper strand, 5'-CGCTTGATGAGTCAGCCG- 3') for AP-1 binding activity was mixed with nuclear extracts in a 20 μl reaction volume containing 300 mM KCI, 60 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 25 mM MgCI_2, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, 60% glycerol, and 2 ㎍ of poly[dI-dC]. Results: TPA increased vimentin mRNA levels, with maximal stimulation reached at 24 hr. The level of vimentin mRNA was induced in proportion to the concentration of TPA. TPA-induced vimentin mRNA was almost reduced by actinomycin-D pretreatment. TPA-induced stimulation of vimentin gene was completely reduced by staurosporin pretreatment. In DNA mobility shift assay, AP-1 newly appeared at 24 hr during TPA-induced differentiation and was almost not detected after the pretreatment of staurosporin. Conclusions: These results suggest that the induction of vimentin mRNA during TPA-dependent differentiation in HL-60 cells may be mediated by protein kinases C signal transduction and AP-1 is important to transcriptional regulation.