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프레탈^(R)정(실로스타졸 50mg)에 대한 실로졸^(R)정의 생물학적 동등성
최한곤,권기철,이승호,김학미,박병주,유봉규,이종달,이경희,하정희,우종수,박인숙,최진석,용철순 한국병원약사회 2003 병원약사회지 Vol.20 No.1
Bioequivalence of two cilostazol tablets, the Pletaal^(R)(Korea Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and the Cilozol^(R)(Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), was evaluated according to the guideline of KFDA, Sixteen normal male volunteers(age 20~29 years old) were divided into two groups and a randomized 22 cross-over study was employed. After two tablets containing 50㎎ of cilostazol were orally administered. blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of cilostazol in plasma was determined with an HPLC method using UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters(C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t)) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of parameters. The results showed that the differences in C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t) between two tablets were 4.99%, 1.74% and 7.68%, respectively. The powers(1-β) for C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t) were83.92%, 80.12% and 85.03%, respectively. Detectable differences(Δ) and confidence intervals were all less than 20%, and confidence interval of all the parameters were also less than 20% at the significance level(α) of 0.05. All of these parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Cilozol^(R) tablet is bioequivalent to Pletaal^(R) tablet.
류성만,전영태,이종욱,차진열 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1997 基礎科學硏究 Vol.17 No.-
The present study was conducted to determine the community structure in Whang river based on the benthic macroinvertebrates. The survey area included eight sites in Whang river and two sites in Nakdong river and the study was carried out from March of 1995 to February of 1996. The result are as follows; (1) Benthic mactoinvertebrates are composed of a total of 200 species including 114 genera, 71 families, 21 orders, 7 classes in five phyla. A total of 200 species was found in Whang river, however only 66 species were recorded in Nakdong river. 2) Species frequency was different depending on the study area. It ranged from 84-112 species in the upper stream(site 1 to 6) to 71-75 species in the lower stream(site 7 to 8) and 41-58 species in the Nakdong river(site 9 to 10). Taxa with highest species frequency were aquatic insecta. 3) Average number of individuals was 1656.5/0.5㎡ in the whole study aera. Inividual number was variable from 53/0.5㎡ at the site 8 to 296.8/0.5㎡ at the site 4. Taxa with highest individual species frequency were aquatic insecta. 4) Trichoptera and Ephemeroptera were dominant in upper stream, while Chironomidae was the most aboundant group in the lower stream. 5) Average dominance(DI), species richness(RI), species diversity(H'), and evenness(J') were 0.68, 2.71, 3.10 and 0.71, respectively, in the whole study area. The biotic indices in Whang river were relative higher than that of Nakdong river. 6) Functional feeding groups were collectors and shredder at site 1 to 6, filterer at site 7 to 10.
Liu Quan-quan,Zhang Chen,Zhou Jin-cheng,Dong Qian-jin,Huo Liang-xiao,Dong Hui 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.2
Ploidy diversity provides valuable scientific information, thus making the detection technique of ploidy important. However, traditional methods of cytological observation and flow cytometry are either laborious or expensive. We here report a simple and rapid, effective and economical quantitative PCR (qPCR) approach to determine the ploidy of a parasitoid species Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura, an economically important biocontrol agent. We applied a mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase (COI) and a nuclear gene forkhead to evaluate the mitochondrial number per nuclear copy in a thelytokous Wolbachia-infected strain of T. dendrolimi and its bisexual uninfected counterparts. The 2 −ΔCq values calculated from C q values which resulted from qPCR experiments were significantly larger in haploid males than that in diploid females. Haploid males possessed about 2.69 times mitochondrial number per nuclear copy as diploid females. Not a single significant difference was found between diploid females from thelytokous and bisexual strains. Based on the differences in relative mitochondrial content, we were allowed to distinguish between haploid males and diploid females. Moreover, the number of mitochondria significantly decreased with higher ploidy level but was not affected by Wolbachiainfection. Our study supplied an available tool to investigate the ploidy diversity in sex determination of T. dendrolimi and thelytokous manipulation of Wolbachia, which is the crucial step to further study their underlying mechanisms. This will in turn contribute to the biocontrol efficiency by enhancing the female production and hence the parasitism rate.
Jin, Li,Lin, Ming Quan,Piao, Zhe Hao,Cho, Jae Yeong,Kim, Gwi Ran,Choi, Sin Young,Ryu, Yuhee,Sun, Simei,Kee, Hae Jin,Jeong, Myung Ho Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2017 Journal of Hypertension Vol.35 No.7
OBJECTIVE:: Gallic acid, a natural chemical found in plants, has been reported to show antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the efficacy of a short-term or long-term treatment with gallic acid in N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive mice and the underlying regulatory mechanism. METHODS:: Hypertension was sufficiently induced after 2 weeks of L-NAME administration. Cardiac remodeling was assessed by echocardiography. Hypertrophic markers, transcription factors, and fibrosis-related gene expression were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS:: Gallic acid effectively lowered SBP, regardless of the administration route (intraperitoneal or oral). L-NAME increased the left ventricular (LV) thickness without an increase in the total heart weight. Weekly echocardiography demonstrated that gallic acid significantly reduced LV posterior wall and septum thickness in chronic L-NAME mice from 3 to 7 weeks. The administration of gallic acid to mice showed a dual preventive and therapeutic effect on the L-NAME-induced LV remodeling. The effect was associated with the suppression of the gene expression of hypertrophy markers and the GATA-binding factor 6 (GATA6) transcription factor. Short-term or long-term treatment with gallic acid attenuated cardiac fibrosis and reduced the expression of histone deacetylase 1 and 2 in H9c2 cells and in rat primary cardiac fibroblasts, as well as in vivo. Small interfering RNA knockdown confirmed the association of these enzymes with L-NAME-induced cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. CONCLUSION:: These results suggested that gallic acid may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases with hypertension and cardiac fibrosis.
Quan, Lin-Hu,Piao, Jin-Ying,Min, Jin-Woo,Yang, Dong-Uk,Lee, Hee Nyeong,Yang, Deok Chun Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia 2011 Brazilian journal of microbiology Vol.42 No.3
<P>About 40 different types of ginsenoside (ginseng saponin), a major pharmacological component of ginseng, have been identified along with their physiological activities. Among these, compound K has been reported to prevent the development of and the metastasis of cancer by blocking the formation of tumors and suppressing the invasion of cancerous cells. In this study, ginsenoside Rb1 was converted into compound K via interaction with the enzyme secreted by β-glucosidase active bacteria, <I>Leuconostoc citreum</I> LH1, extracted from kimchi. The optimum time for the conversion of Rb1 to compound K was about 72 hrs at a constant pH of 6.0 and an optimum temperature of about 30°C. Under optimal conditions, ginsenoside Rb1 was decomposed and converted into compound K by 72 hrs post-reaction (99%). Both TLC and HPLC were used to analyze the enzymatic reaction. Ginsenoside Rb1 was consecutively converted to ginsenoside Rd, F2, and compound K via the hydrolyses of 20-C β-(1 → 6)-glucoside, 3-C β-(1 → 2)-glucoside, and 3-C β-glucose of ginsenoside Rb1.</P>