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Park Min-Jae,Lee Gyemin,Kwak Jungwon,Jeong Chiyoung,Goh YoungMoon,Kim Sung-woo,Cho Byungchul,Song Si Yeol,Kim Jong Hoon,Jung Jinhong,Shin Young Seob,Oh Jungsu 한국물리학회 2024 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.84 No.9
To enhance effi ciency and minimize errors, we automated the quality assurance (QA) process in radiation oncology, specifi - cally laser localization. Additionally, we explored the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to enhance the detection of small cube-ball phantoms in noisy images. Laser localizations were measured manually on the acquired images. To automate the QA workfl ow, we developed a Linux server equipped with database and web servers. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) fi les were retrieved 40 times for 10 linear accelerators (LINACs). The center of the cube-ball phantoms was estimated through Gaussian fi tting. We applied CNN using 6,968 stored results to improve the estimation performance in noisy megavoltage (MV) images. Subsequently, both analysis time and accuracy were compared. Our hospital has been employing the automated QA system since 2018, notably reducing the time for laser localization from 30 min to just 1 min. The average and standard deviation (SD) of inter-observer variability in the X- and Y-axes were 0.06 ± 0.01 mm and 0.05 ± 0.01 mm, respectively. Absolute diff erences between manual assessment and Gaussian fi tting presented average and SD values of 0.40 ± 0.51 mm and 0.23 ± 0.24 mm, respectively. In contrast, absolute diff erences between manual assessment and CNN presented average and SD values of 0.12 ± 0.10 mm and 0.11 ± 0.09 mm, respectively. Overall, the automated QA system signifi cantly hastened procedures in our large hospital and improved the estimation of the cube-ball phantom’s position in noisy images through deep learning.
정신분열병 환자의 말초 임파구에서 도파민 수용체 mRNA의 변화
곽용태,최철희,김옥준,주연호,김형섭,강성숙,구민성,선우일남 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.5
연구목적 : 정신분열병은 주로 청소년기에 발병하는 정신과에서 가장 흔한 질환 중의 하나이다. 이 질환의 원인이나 병인은 아직 불확실하지만 뇌 도파민계의 기능장애가 중요한 기전으로 생각되고 있으나 부검없이 뇌 도파민계를 직접 관찰할수 없으므로 많은 혼란이 있어왔다. 이를 극복하기 위하여 최근에 발견된 말초 임파구의 도파민 수용체를 이용하여 정신분열병에 있어서 말초 임파구 도파민 수용체가 뇌 도파민계의 기능을 반영하는 말초표식인자일 가능성이 있는지를 규명한다. 방 법 : 3년 이상 항정신병 약물을 복용중인 정신분열병 환자(약물투약군) 44명, 최근 3개월 이상 항정신병 약물을 복용하지 않은 환자(약물비투약군) 43명, 정상대조군 31명을 대상으로 말초 임파구의 D3, D5 도파민 수용체를 정량적 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응(quantitative reverse transcritpase polymerase chain reaction)을 이용하여서 정량 비교하였고, 또한 항정신병 약물을 복용하지 않은 환자들에 있어서 약물 투여 후 도파민 수용체의 변화 및 임상양상의 변화를 관찰하였다. 결 과 : 1) 말초혈액 임파구의 D3R/βA는 약물비투약군에서 정상대조군이나 약물투약군에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 있게 증가되어 있었다. D5R/βA의 경우 약물비투약군이 약물투약군에서만 비하여 유의하게 증가되었다. 그러나 약물투약군과 정상대조군 간에는 도파민 수용체 mRNA(D3R/βA, D5R/βA)양에 있어서 차이가 없었다. 2) 항정신병 약물을 새로 투여하는 환자에서 항정신병 약물을 투여 후 임파구 도파민 수용체의 변화를 추적 관찰한 결과 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 3) 약물비투약군을 정상 대조군과 비교하여 D3R/βA mRNA가 정상범위에 속하는 군과 높은 군으로 나누어서 임상척도와 비교 분석한 결과 임파구 도파민 수용체가 증가한 군에서 다음과 같은 임상특징을 관찰할 수 있었다. (1) 정신병리증상이(BPRS) 현저하였다. (2) 약물치료에 대해 양성 정신병리증상(pBPRS)의 호전도가 낮았다. (3) 약물치료시 추체외로 부작용이 심하였다. 결 론 : 이상의 연구결과로 말초 임파구에서 발현되는 도파민 수용체는 정신분열병의 소군 분류 및 예후 예측에 있어서 임상적 의의가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 말초임파구에서 발현되는 도파민 수용체는 비록 이에 상응하는 뇌의 해부학적 위치는 알 수 없지만 중추신경계의 도파민 수용체의 기능을 반영할 가능성이 높다고 생각되었다. Objectives : Schizophrenia, commonly developed in adolescence and young adulthood, is one of the most common mental diseases in psychiatry. The etiology or pathogenesis of this disease is uncertain yet, but the dysfunction of dopaminergic system in the brain has been proposed. However, there is no direct evidence of dysfunction of brain dopaminergic systems in schizophrenic patients because the direct assessment of brain dopaminergic systems is almost impossible at present. To overcome this problem, recently founded dopamine receptors and their mRNAs in peripheral lymphocytes was used. The purpose of this study was to define whether the dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes can be the peripheral markers of schizophrenia or not. Methods : The total numbers of subjects are 87 schizophrenic patients. Among them 44 patients were schizophrenics who had been taking antipsychotic drugs for more than 3 years(medicated patients), 43 schizophrenics who recently are not taken antipsychotic drugs for more than 3 months(drug-free patients). For controls age and sex matched 31 healthy persons were enrolled. Sequential reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction of the mRNA were used to investigate the expression of dopamine receptors in peripheral lymphocytes. The gene expression of dopamine receptors were compared in each groups and after starting antipsychotic medicines in drug-free patients, the clinical scales and the dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes were sequentially studied before, 2 weeks after and 8 weeks after medication. Results : 1) In drug-free schizophrenics, D3 dopamine receptor mRNA expression of peripheral lymphocytes was significantly increased comparing with that of controls and drug-medicated schizophrenics and D5 dopamine receptor mRNA expression was increased comparing with only that of drug-medicated schizophrenics. There was no difference between controls and drug-medicated schizophrenics. 2) After antipsychotic medication, dopamine receptors of lymphocytes were increased tendency. 3) Drug-free patients were divided into two groups according to dopamine receptor expression in controls to evaluate the significance of increased dopamine receptor expression. The group of patients with increaseddopamine receptor expressio had following clinical characteristics. (1) More severe psychiatric symptoms (2) Poor pharmacological response of pBPRS on medicines (3) Severe extrapyramidal side effects after pharmacological treatment Conculsion : These results revealed that the molecular biologically determined dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes were reactive, and increased expression of dopamine receptor in peripheral lymphocyte had clinical significance for subgrouping and prognostication. These findings suggested that dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocyte may represent dopamine receptors of the brain, even the location cannot be determined.
Min Seob Kwak,Jae Myung Cha,Hyo-Joon Yang,Dong Il Park,Kyeong Ok Kim,Jun Lee,Jeong Eun Shin,Young Eun Joo,Jongha Park,Jeong-Sik Byeon,Hyun Gun Kim,Intestinal Cancer Study Group of the Korean Associati 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2019 Gut and Liver Vol.13 No.2
Background/Aims: The use of a low-volume bowel cleansing agent is associated with a greater willingness to undergo repeat colonoscopy. Oral sulfate solution (OSS) is a recently approved low-volume agent; however, its efficacy and safety in the elderly population remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of the OSS preparation, in comparison to those of a standard polyethylene glycol (PEG; 4 L) preparation, in elderly patients. Methods: A multicenter, randomized, investigator-blinded study was conducted. Participants were randomized to receive OSS or 4-L PEG with a split-dose regimen. Bowel cleansing efficacy was assessed using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). Acceptance, satisfaction, and preparation-related symptoms were recorded. Additionally, blood parameters were analyzed for electrolyte abnormalities and nephrotoxicity. Results: A total of 193 patients were analyzed. No group differences in overall bowel cleansing efficacy were observed, with “adequate” preparations achieved in 95.9% (93/97) and 94.8% (91/96) of patients in the OSS and 4L PEG groups, respectively (p=0.747). However, mean BBPS scores for the entire (p=0.010) and right colon (p=0.001) were significantly higher in the OSS group than in the 4-L PEG group. The severity of clinical adverse events and frequency of acute kidney injury were similarly low, and no clinically meaningful electrolyte changes were identified. Self-reported scores regarding amount (p<0.001) and feeling (p=0.007), as well as overall satisfaction (p=0.001) and willingness to repeat the preparation (92.8% vs 67.7%, p<0.001), were significantly better in the OSS group than in the 4-L PEG group. Conclusions: In elderly individuals, OSS with a split-dose regimen has greater acceptability and comparable efficacy in bowel cleansing compared to 4-L PEG. (Clinical trials registration number: NCT03112967)
증례 : 순환기 ; 우 관상동맥 기형과 동반된 운동 중 급성 심장사 1예
차민섭 ( Min Seob Cha ),윤세정 ( Se Jung Yoon ),홍석민 ( Seok Min Hong ),곽민섭 ( Min Seob Kwak ),최유리 ( Yu Ri Choi ),정상완 ( Sang Wan Chung ),김진배 ( Jin Bae Kim ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회지 Vol.80 No.2S
35세 이하에서 급성 심장사를 일으키는 원인 중 하나인 관상동맥 기형의 진단에 있어 관상동맥 조영술, 심장초음파 등이 이용되어 왔고 최근 MDCT의 도입으로 대혈관과의 관계, 주행 방향 등을 더 정확하게 진단할 수 있게 되었다. 저자들은 운동 후 발생한 급성 심정지를 주소로 내원한 환자를 MDCT를 이용하여 우 관상동맥 기시 이상을 진단하고 수술적 치료를 한 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. There are many causes of sudden cardiac arrest. The main cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) is coronary heart disease. However, the frequency of coronary heart disease is much lower in sudden cardiac arrest occurring below the age of 30-40. Congenital anomalous origin of the coronary arteries is a rare, but well-described, cause of myocardial ischemia and sudden death in young adults. Here, we report the case of a 23-year-old man with sudden cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation associated with an anomalous origin of the right coronary artery. The patient was diagnosed using multi-detector computed tomography and successfully treated with surgical correction. (Korean J Med 2011;80:S178-S182)