여러가지 종류의 사료 섬유질을 섭취하는 쥐의 수분 및 Na 대사에 관한 연구

이봉덕,권순기,이수기 ( B . D . Lee,S . K . Kwon,S . K . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.8

The effects of several sources of dietary fiber on the water and sodium (Na) metabolism of rats were investigated. Wheat bran (D2), pure cellulose (D3), and ground rice straw (D4) replaced corn in the control diet (D1) at the level of 10%: pectin (DS), which is water-soluble, replaced corn at 5% level. In the growth trial with 45 female weanling rats (Sprague Dawley strain), the growth rate of DS was significantly (P≤.05) lower than those of D1 and D2. No difference in growth rate was found among D3, D4 and D5. With regard to water intake of growing rats, there was no difference among all treatments. In metabolism trial with 30 adult male rats, the dry matter (DM) digestibilities of D3 and D4 were significantly lower than those of D1, D2 and D5. Similar DM digestibilities were found in D1, D2 and D5. As in the case of growing rats, no difference was found in water intake among five treatments. With regard to water holding capacity (WHC) of feces, D3 and D4 showed significantly larger values than D2. The WHC of D1 and D5 were even lower (P≤.05) than D2. The bulls density (BD) of feces was exactly in the inverse relationship with WHC. The BD of D3 and D4 were significantly smaller than the other treatments. D1 and D5 showed significantly larger BD than did D2. In terms of Na excretion routes of urine and feces, D1 and DS excreted significantly more Na via urine than did D3 and D4. The D2 showed intermediate values in this respect. No difference was found in Na^+ and osmotic concentrations either in plasma or urine among dietary treatments. With regard to plasma clearances, there was no difference among all treatments in C_(Na)^+, C_(osm) anti C_(H₂O), The C_(H₂O) values from all treatments showed negative values, indicating that the rats were removing excess solutes in body fluids via urine. Among the water-insoluble fibers, wheat bran appeared to be less fibrous than pure cellulose or ground rice straw in several respects, i.e., growth rate, feral WHC and BD, and the route of Na excretion. Except that it inhibits the growth rate of young rats, pectin brought about the same effect as did the control diet, indicating that the gut microflora fermented the water-soluble pectin. Different nutritional and physiological effects might be expected from rats fed dietary fibers having different solubility in water.

d-pinitol regulates Th1/Th2 balance via suppressing Th2 immune response in ovalbumin-induced asthma

Lee, J.S.,Lee, C.M.,Jeong, Y.I.,Jung, I.D.,Kim, B.H.,Seong, E.Y.,Kim, J.I.,Choi, I.W.,Chung, H.Y.,Park, Y.M. North-Holland Pub ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2007 FEBS letters Vol.581 No.1

d-pinitol has been demonstrated to exert insulin-like and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its anti-allergic effect in the Th1/Th2 immune response is poorly understood. Recently, it was shown that T-bet and GATA-3 are master Th1 and Th2 regulatory transcription factors. In this study, we have attempted to determine whether d-pinitol regulates Th1/Th2 cytokine production, T-bet and GATA-3 gene expression in OVA-induced asthma model mice. We also examined to ascertain whether d-pinitol could influence eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity. After being sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) showed typical asthmatic reactions. These reactions included an increase in the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, an increase in inflammatory cell infiltration into the lung tissue around blood vessels and airways, airway luminal narrowing, and the development of airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). The administration of d-pinitol before the last airway OVA challenge resulted in a significant inhibition of all asthmatic reactions. Accordingly, this study may provide evidence that d-pinitol plays a critical role in the amelioration of the pathogenetic process of asthma in mice. These findings provide new insight into the immunopharmacological role of d-pinitol in terms of its effects in a murine model of asthma, and also broaden current perspectives in our understanding of the immunopharmacological functions of d-pinitol.

Cyclobuxine D의 토끼 적출 장관에 대한 작용

이종화,박영현,조병헌,김종배,김정목,김유재,김천숙,차영덕,김영석 최신의학사 1988 最新醫學 Vol.31 No.1

Drastic anthocyanin increase in response to PAP1 overexpression in fls1 knockout mutant confers enhanced osmotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Lee, W. J.,Jeong, C. Y.,Kwon, J.,Kien, V.,Lee, D.,Hong, S. W.,Lee, H. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Plant cell reports Vol.35 No.11

<P>pap1 - D/fls1ko double mutant plants that produce substantial amounts of anthocyanin show tolerance to abiotic stress. Anthocyanins are flavonoids that are abundant in various plants and have beneficial effects on both plants and humans. Many genes in flavonoid biosynthetic pathways have been identified, including those in the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex. The MYB gene Production of Anthocyanin Pigment 1 (PAP1) plays a particularly important role in anthocyanin accumulation. PAP1 expression in many plant systems strongly increases anthocyanin levels, resulting in a dark purple color in many plant organs. In this study, we generated double mutant plants that harbor fls1ko in the pap1-D background (i.e., pap1-D/fls1ko plants), to examine whether anthocyanins can be further enhanced by blocking flavonol biosynthesis under PAP1 overexpression. We also wanted to examine whether the increased anthocyanin levels contribute to defense against osmotic stresses. The pap1-D/fls1ko mutants accumulated higher anthocyanin levels than pap1-D plants in both control and sucrose-treated conditions. However, flavonoid biosynthesis genes were slightly down-regulated in the pap1-D/fls1ko seedlings as compared to their expression in pap1-D seedlings. We also report the performance of pap1-D/fls1ko seedlings in response to plant osmotic stresses.</P>

Vitamin D Is Required for IFN- -Mediated Antimicrobial Activity of Human Macrophages

Fabri, M.,Stenger, S.,Shin, D.-M.,Yuk, J.-M.,Liu, P. T.,Realegeno, S.,Lee, H.-M.,Krutzik, S. R.,Schenk, M.,Sieling, P. A.,Teles, R.,Montoya, D.,Iyer, S. S.,Bruns, H.,Lewinsohn, D. M.,Hollis, B. W.,Hew American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2011 Science translational medicine Vol.3 No.104

<P>Control of tuberculosis worldwide depends on our understanding of human immune mechanisms, which combat the infection. Acquired T cell responses are critical for host defense against microbial pathogens, yet the mechanisms by which they act in humans remain unclear. We report that T cells, by the release of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), induce autophagy, phagosomal maturation, the production of antimicrobial peptides such as cathelicidin, and antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages via a vitamin D-dependent pathway. IFN-γ induced the antimicrobial pathway in human macrophages cultured in vitamin D-sufficient sera, but not in sera from African-Americans that have lower amounts of vitamin D and who are more susceptible to tuberculosis. In vitro supplementation of vitamin D-deficient serum with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 restored IFN-γ-induced antimicrobial peptide expression, autophagy, phagosome-lysosome fusion, and antimicrobial activity. These results suggest a mechanism in which vitamin D is required for acquired immunity to overcome the ability of intracellular pathogens to evade macrophage-mediated antimicrobial responses. The present findings underscore the importance of adequate amounts of vitamin D in all human populations for sustaining both innate and acquired immunity against infection.</P>

Protein Profile in Corpus Luteum during Pregnancy in Korean Native Cows

Chung, H.J.,Kim, K.W.,Han, D.W.,Lee, H.C.,Yang, B.C.,Chung, H.K.,Shim, M.R.,Choi, M.S.,Jo, E.B.,Jo, Y.M.,Oh, M.Y.,Jo, S.J.,Hong, S.K.,Park, J.K.,Chang, W.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.11

Steroidogenesis requires coordination of the anabolic and catabolic pathways of lipid metabolism, but the profile of proteins associated with progesterone synthesis in cyclic and pregnant corpus luteum (CL) is not well-known in cattle. In Experiment 1, plasma progesterone level was monitored in cyclic cows (n = 5) and pregnant cows (n = 6; until d-90). A significant decline in the plasma progesterone level occurred at d-19 of cyclic cows. Progesterone level in abbatoir-derived luteal tissues was also determined at d 1 to 5, 6 to 13 and 14 to 20 of cyclic cows, and d-60 and -90 of pregnant cows (n = 5 each). Progesterone level in d-60 CL was not different from those in d 6 to 13 CL and d-90 CL, although the difference between d 6 to 13 and d-90 was significant. In Experiment 2, protein expression pattern in CL at d-90 (n = 4) was compared with that in CL of cyclic cows at d 6 to 13 (n = 5). Significant changes in the level of protein expression were detected in 32 protein spots by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE), and 23 of them were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Six proteins were found only in pregnant CL, while the other 17 proteins were found only in cyclic CL. Among the above 6 proteins, vimentin which is involved in the regulation of post-implantation development was included. Thus, the protein expression pattern in CL was disorientated from cyclic luteal phase to mid pregnancy, and alterations in specific CL protein expression may contribute to the maintenance of pregnancy in Korean native cows.

Functional characterization of a common CYP4F11 genetic variant and identification of functionally defective CYP4F11 variants in erythromycin metabolism and 20-HETE synthesis

Yi, M.,Cho, S.A.,Min, J.,Kim, D.H.,Shin, J.G.,Lee, S.J. Academic Press 2017 Archives of biochemistry and biophysics Vol.620 No.-

CYP4F11, together with CYP4F2, plays an important role in the synthesis of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) from arachidonic acid. We identified 21 variants by whole exome sequencing, including 4 non-synonymous variants in Korean subjects. The proteins of the wild-type CYP4F11 and the four coding variants (C276R, D315N, D374Y, and D446N) were expressed in Escherichia coli DH5α cells and purified to give cytochrome P450-specific carbon monoxide difference spectra. Wild-type CYP4F2 was also expressed and purified to compare its activity with the CYP4F11 wild-type. Wild-type CYP4F11 exhibited the highest maximal clearance for erythromycin N-demethylase activity followed by the variants D374Y, D446N, C276R, and D315N. In particular, the CYP4F11 D315N protein showed about 50% decrease in intrinsic clearance compared to the wild type. The ability of wild-type CYP4F11 and the variants to synthesize 20-HETE from arachidonic acid was similar; the CYP4F11 D315N variant, however, showed only 68% of wild-type activity. Furthermore, the ability of CYP4F2 to synthesize 20-HETE was 1.7-fold greater than that of CYP4F11. Overall, our results suggest that the metabolism of CYP4F11 substrates may be reduced in individuals carrying the CYP4F11 D315N genetic variant and individuals carrying the common D446N CYP4F11 variant likely exhibit comparable 20-HETE synthesis as individuals expressing wild-type CYP4F11.

원발성 부갑상선 기능항진증에 대한 임상적 고찰

송창우,고석환,이길연,이석환,이상목,박호철,홍성화,오수명,윤충,Chang Woo Song,M.D.,Suck Hwan Koh,M.D.,Kil Yeon Lee,M.D.,Suk Hwan Lee,M.D.,Sang Mok Lee,M.D.,Ho Chul Park,M.D.,Sung Hwa Hong,M.D.,Soo Myung Oh,M.D. and Choong Yoon,M 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2003 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.3 No.1

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a rare disease that can be accurately diagnosed and effectively treated in most patients. The diagnosis is established by a persistent elevation of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone and by clinical evaluation. With the introduction of a biochemical screening test for calcium and the development of radiologic techniques, the detection of hyperparathyroidism has increased slightly. However, the parathyroidectomy is still not a common operation in Korea. Twenty-eight patients with primary hyperparathyroidism comprised of 14 males and 14 females, were treated by operation from January 1986 to December 1995 at Kyunghee University Hospital and the data were analyzed retrospectively. The results are as follows: 1) The sex distribution was 14 males & 14 females, and the age distribution was from 14 to 79 years. 2) The clincal manifestations were renal symptoms (42.9%), skeletal symptoms (28.6%), a neck mass (10.7%), pancreatitis (7.1%) , no symptoms (7.1%), polydipsia (3.6%) in order of frequency. 3) Most of the patients showed hypercalcemia above 11mg/dl, but five patients had calcium levels which were either slightly increased or in the upper normal range. 4) The preoperative localization methods were mainly combinations of sonography, C.T.,and Tl-Tc subtraction scans and showed high sensitivity & specificity (above 90%). 5) The main tumor locations were the Rt. lower pole in 10 cases, the Rt. upper pole in 5 cases, the Lt. upper pole in 3 cases, the Lt. lower pole in 7 cases; there were 2 cases of ectopic location and 1 case of hyperplasia at the Rt. upper & the Lt. lower pole. 6) The pathologic findings revealed a solitary adenoma in 25 patients, a carcinoma in two patients, and hyperplasia associated with MEN2a in 1 patient. 7) We experienced one case of recurrence after primary excision at the Rt. lower pole. Reoperation for a missed gland, after the primary operation, was performed in one patient; the excision of the tumor was performed successsfully. 8) We performed surgical excisions and 17 patients showed hypocalcemia postoperatively. Most of the hypocalcemia was transient and disappeared after ingestion of oral calcium agents or usuage of Vit. D3. (Korean J Endocrine Surg 2003;3:15-25)

Ahnak functions as a tumor suppressor via modulation of TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway

Lee, I H,Sohn, M,Lim, H J,Yoon, S,Oh, H,Shin, S,Shin, J H,Oh, S-H,Kim, J,Lee, D K,Noh, D Y,Bae, D S,Seong, J K,Bae, Y S Macmillan Publishers Limited 2014 Oncogene Vol.33 No.38

We provide detailed mechanisms of Ahnak-mediated potentiation of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling, which leads to a negative regulation of cell growth. We show that Smad3 interacts with Ahnak through MH2 domain and that Ahnak stimulates Smad3 localization into nucleus leading to potentiating TGFβ-induced transcriptional activity of R-Smad. Moreover, overexpression of Ahnak resulted in growth retardation and cell cycle arrest through downregulation of c-Myc and cyclin D1/D2. We describe results from analyses of Ahnak<SUP>−/−</SUP> mouse model expressing middle T antigen in a mammary gland-specific manner (MMTV<SUP>Tg/+</SUP>Ahnak<SUP>−/−</SUP>), which showed significantly progressed hyperplasia of mammary glands compared with MMTV<SUP>Tg/+</SUP>Ahnak<SUP>+/+</SUP>. Finally, we screened multiple human breast cancer tissues and showed that the expression of Ahnak in cancer tissues is lower than that in control tissues by 50%. Taken together, these data indicate that Ahnak mediates a negative regulation of cell growth and acts as novel tumor suppressor through potentiation of TGFβ signaling.

Solid circulation characteristics of the three-reactor chemical-looping process for hydrogen production

Lee, D.,Seo, M.W.,Nguyen, T.D.B.,Cho, W.C.,Kim, S.D. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.39 No.27

The three-reactor chemical-looping (TRCL) system for high purity hydrogen production and intrinsic CO<SUB>2</SUB> separation is an innovative concept using a circulating oxygen carrier. The process employs iron oxide as an oxygen carrier, via which a redox reaction takes place alternately within three reactors, i.e. a fuel reactor (FR), where the natural gas is combusted to CO<SUB>2</SUB> and H<SUB>2</SUB>O, a steam reactor (SR), where the steam is reduced to hydrogen, and an air reactor (AR), where the oxygen carrier returned to its original form by aeration. As it consists of three reactors (AR, FR, and SR) and a riser, the TRCL system has complicated hydrodynamic characteristics. In this study, a cold mode TRCL system with non-mechanical valve was designed and constructed to investigate the solid circulation characteristics. A series of hydrodynamic tests on the system was performed in which zirconia (d@?ρ=181μm, ρ<SUB>s</SUB> = 3850 kg/m<SUP>3</SUP>) was used as a bed material. The solid flow rate increased up to a maximum value with increasing gas velocity into the loop-seal. The gas leakages between AR and FR, and between FR and SR due to solid circulation were negligible. Furthermore, a two-dimensional (2D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation using a commercial CFD code was carried out in order to better understand the flow behavior of the gas solid mixture inside the TRCL system.