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Candida albicans mannoproteins 자극에 의한 저출생체중아와 만삭아 제대혈액 단핵구의 TNF-α 생산
백설향,김우경,정초록 동국대학교 경주대학 1998 東國論集 Vol.17 No.2
Background : Opportunistic fungal infections of low birth weight infants(LBWI) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Concerning infantile infections, Tumor Necrosis Factor(TNF)-α production by C.albicans may be important to consider in clinical circumstances relating to candidaemia and/or candida septicemia. TNF-α/cachentin that has multiple immunologic and inflammatory functions is produced by monocytes and macrophages, and its sunnormal production by term infants(TI) and LBWI may be related to the their immunosusceptibilities. Methods : This study examined the production of TNF-α by cord blood monocytes from LBWI and TI stimulated with manoproteins from Candida albicans(MCA). In briefly, supernatants of monocytes cultures with MCA possessed TNF-α-mediated cytotoxicity against the L929 fibroblasts, as measured in the modified MTT colorimetric assay. Data were analyzed by Student t test or analysis of variance(Scheffe's post-hoc test). Results : 1) TNF-α production was no dectectable with the supernatants of monocyes from either LBWI or TI at 6 hr after MCA stumulated. 2) TNF-α production by LBWI was significantly less than that from monocytes of either TI or adult group at 18 hr(p=.000). 3) After 18 hr incubation with MCA, TNF-α production by monocytes of TI and LBWI reached at highest level, but significantly less than that of adult group at the same time(p=.000). 4) For the both infants groups, TNF-α production was significantly decreased after 24 hr(p=.000), compared with its production by adult group was continuously elevated, but without significance (p >.05). Conclusions : These results suggested that MCA were strong inducer of the TNF-α and given the multifactorial biologic activities of TNF-α, the decreased secretion of TNF-α from LBWI and TI may be significant in describing mechanisms for the increased susceptibility of them to the antigens such as MCA. And, these data suggest an important involvement of TNF-α in the infectious immunity induced by MCA.
인발 성형 공정을 이용한 carbon-glass hybrid composite 제작
박상윤,최원종,강길호,문초록,김세영 한국항공대학교 항공우주산업기술연구소 2002 航空宇宙産業技術硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-
단면이 일정한 구조용 복합재료 제조공정에 널리 사용되고 있는 pultrusion 공정을 이용하여 glass-carbon fiber hybrid composite을 제조하였다. 열분석을 통하여 모재의 경화온도와 경화시간을 분석한 후 금형의 온도와 pulling speed를 결정하였다. 다양한 섬유 비율의 hybrid composite를 제작하였으며 flexural modulus를 측정한 결과 rule of mixture를 이용한 예상치 보다 높은 값을 보였다. Glass-carbon hybrid composite was manufactured by pultrusion process. The major processing conditions such as temperature of heating die and pulling speed have been fixed from thermal analysis results. Hybrid composites with various carbon fiber content were manufactured and flexural modules of each hybrid composite as measured. Compare with rule of mixture, positive hybrid effect was observed.
Global gene expression profile of Orientia tsutsugamushi
Cho, Bon-A,Cho, Nam-Hyuk,Min, Chan-Ki,Kim, Se-Yoon,Yang, Jae-Seong,Lee, Jung Rok,Jung, Jin Woo,Lee, Won-Chul,Kim, Kijeong,Lee, Mi-Kyung,Kim, Sanguk,Kim, Kwang Pyo,Seong, Seung-Yong,Choi, Myung-Sik,Kim WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 Proteomics Vol.10 No.8
<P>Orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of Scrub typhus. The control mechanisms for bacterial gene expression are largely unknown. Here, the global gene expression of O. tsutsugamushi within eukaryotic cells was examined using a microarray and proteomic approaches for the first time. These approaches identified 643 genes, corresponding to approximately 30% of the genes encoded in the genome. The majority of expressed genes belonged to several functional categories including protein translation, protein processing/secretion, and replication/repair. We also searched the conserved sequence blocks (CSBs) in the O. tsutsugamushi genome which is unique in that up to 40% of its genome consists of dispersed repeated sequences. Although extensive shuffling of genomic sequences was observed between two different strains, 204 CSBs, covering 48% of the genome, were identified. When combining the data of CSBs and global gene expression, the CSBs correlates well with the location of expressed genes, suggesting the functional conservation between gene expression and genomic location. Finally, we compared the gene expression of the bacteria-infected fibroblasts and macrophages using microarray analysis. Some major changes were the downregulation of genes involved in translation, protein processing and secretion, which correlated with the reduction in bacterial translation rates and growth within macrophages.</P>
( Youngjae Cho ),( Eiseul Kim ),( Sun-kyung Han ),( Seung-min Yang ),( Mi-ju Kim ),( Hyun-joong Kim ),( Chang-gyeom Kim ),( Dong-won Choo ),( Young-rok Kim ),( Hae-yeong Kim ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.9
Vibrio species are generally recognized as pathogens predominant in seafood along coastal areas. The food industry has sought to develop efficient microbial detection methods. Owing to the limits of conventional methods, this study aimed to establish a rapid identification method for Vibrio isolated from Korea, based on matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization timeof- flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Four different preparation procedures were compared to determine the appropriate means to pretreat Vibrio species, using 17 isolates and five reference strains. Extended direct transfer and full formic acid extraction methods using bacterial colonies on agar plates revealed very low identification rates. Formic acid and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) extractions using bacterial broth cultures were also performed. All Vibrio isolates and reference strains prepared by TFA extraction were successfully identified to the species level (17/22, 77.3%) and to the genus level (5/22, 22.7%). Thus, TFA extraction was considered the most appropriate method to pretreat Vibrio species for MALDI-TOF MS. The remaining 33 isolates and two reference strains were prepared by TFA extraction and analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Overall, 50 isolates were identified to the species level (40/50, 80%) and to the genus level (10/50, 20%). All isolates were identified as 43 V. alginolyticus, six V. parahaemolyticus, and one V. vulnificus species. V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus were isolated from fish offal (87.5% and 12.5%, respectively), seawater (91.3%, 8.7%), and shellfish (62.5%, 37.5%), whereas V. alginolyticus and V. vulnificus were isolated from sediment (90.9% and 9.1%, respectively). This study established a reliable system of MALDI-TOF MS preparation and analysis for Vibrio identification.
Kim, Jin,Kim, C-yoon,Oh, Hanseul,Ryu, Bokyeong,Kim, Ukjin,Lee, Ji Min,Jung, Cho-Rok,Park, Jae-Hak Elsevier 2019 The Science of the total environment Vol.653 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Trimethyltin chloride (TMT), one of the most widely used organotin compounds in industrial and agricultural fields, is widespread in soil, aquatic systems, foodstuffs and household items. TMT reportedly has toxic effects on the nervous system; however, there is limited information about its effects on eye development and no clear associated mechanisms have been identified. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated eye morphology, vison-related behavior, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, histopathology, and gene expression to evaluate the toxicity of TMT during ocular development in zebrafish embryos. Exposure to TMT decreased the axial length and surface area of the eye and impaired the ability of zebrafish to recognize light. 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and acridine orange assays revealed dose-dependent increases in ROS formation and apoptosis in the eye. Furthermore, pyknosis of retinal cells was confirmed through histopathological analysis. Antioxidative enzyme-related genes were downregulated and apoptosis-inducing genes were upregulated in TMT-treated zebrafish compared to expression in controls. Retinal cell-specific gene expression was suppressed mainly in retinal ganglion cells, bipolar cells, and photoreceptor cells, whereas amacrine cell-, horizontal cell-, and Müller cell-specific gene expression was enhanced. Our results demonstrate for the first time the toxicity of TMT during eye development, which occurs through the induction of ROS-mediated apoptosis in retinal cells during ocular formation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> TMT causes microphthalmia and impairs visual function in zebrafish embryo. </LI> <LI> TMT induces dose-dependent increases in ROS formation and apoptosis in the eye. </LI> <LI> TMT is toxic to specific retinal cells and leads histopathological abnormalities. </LI> <LI> TMT affected the expression of genes related to above changes. </LI> <LI> This is the first study to confirm the ocular developmental toxicity of TMT. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Seismological Determination of the Alfvén Speed and Plasma Beta in Solar Photospheric Bright Points
Cho, Il-Hyun,Moon, Yong-Jae,Nakariakov, Valery M.,Yu, Dae Jung,Lee, Jin-Yi,Bong, Su-Chan,Kim, Rok-Soon,Cho, Kyung-Suk,Kim, Yeon-Han,Lee, Jae-Ok American Astronomical Society 2019 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.871 No.1
Kim, Kyung Eun,Kim, Hwajin,Heo, Rok Won,Shi, Hyun Joo,Yi, Chin-ok,Lee, Dong Hoon,Kim, Hyun Joon,Kang, Sang Soo,Cho, Gyeong Jae,Choi, Wan Sung,Roh, Gu Seob The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.5
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a mammalian $NAD^+$-dependent protein deacetylase that regulates cellular metabolism and inflammatory response. The organ-specific deletion of SIRT1 induces local inflammation and insulin resistance in dietary and genetic obesity. Macrophage-mediated inflammation contributes to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, however, the macrophage-specific SIRT1 function in the context of obesity is largely unknown. C57/BL6 wild type (WT) or myeloid-specific SIRT1 knockout (KO) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal diet (ND) for 12 weeks. Metabolic parameters and markers of hepatic steatosis and inflammation in liver were compared in WT and KO mice. SIRT1 deletion enhanced HFD-induced changes on body and liver weight gain, and increased glucose and insulin resistance. In liver, SIRT1 deletion increased the acetylation, and enhanced HFD-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$), hepatic inflammation and macrophage infiltration. HFD-fed KO mice showed severe hepatic steatosis by activating lipogenic pathway through sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), and hepatic fibrogenesis, as indicated by induction of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), alpha-smooth muscle actin (${\alpha}$-SMA), and collagen secretion. Myeloid-specific deletion of SIRT1 stimulates obesity-induced inflammation and increases the risk of hepatic fibrosis. Targeted induction of macrophage SIRT1 may be a good therapy for alleviating inflammation-associated metabolic syndrome.