김환기 회화를 응용한 에코티셔츠의 모티브 디자인 개발

이경희 ( Kyoung Hee Lee ),김래연 ( Lae Youn Kim ),김새봄 ( Sae Bom Kim ) 복식문화학회 2013 服飾文化硏究 Vol.21 No.2

Eco T-shirts have become a part of environmental campaigns following social trends toward eco-friendly designs. With the demand for such designs expected to grow, there has arisen a need for higher product variety. In the past, eco T-shirts were designed to convey messages about the protection of nature through the use of environmentally friendly text or images. However, in order to respond to the preferences and emotional needs of Koreans, designs should cater to their characteristics and tastes. To this end, this study used a Whan-ki Kim-inspired motif to develop an eco-friendly design tailored to Korean perspectives. It is believed that this process can not only result in a distinctive eco T-shirt design, but also make it globally competitive. With regard to research methodology, a total of 41 paintings of Whan-ki Kim were analyzed and classified into four major themes or key values expressed in modern eco-friendly fashion designs: naturalness, indigenousness, harmony between nature and man, and harmony between natural and artificial beauty. Employing a wide range of CAD techniques and varying forms, the themes were developed into 28 T-shirt designs after their forms, tones, and textures were fully explored. This study demonstrates the possibility of designing creative, aesthetic, and high value-added eco T-shirts through motif development. In addition, it successfully integrates Korean paintings in the development of T-shirt designs aimed at communicating environmentally friendly messages.

소양호의 DOC와 POC의 분포

김범철,최광순,김철구,이유희,김동섭,박제철 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

Seasonal and vertical distributions of dissolved and particulate organic carbon were investigated from May 1995 to March 1997 in n deep mesotrophic reservoir, Lake Soyang, POC contentrations at the dam site ranged from 0.1 to 1.8 mgC/L and DOC concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 4.9 mgC/L. POC concentrations in the surface layer were higher in the season of cyanobacterial bloom, July to September. High POC was observed at the depth of 30 to 60m after storm runoff in summer monsoon season. Turbid storm runoff formed intermediate current laden with much particulate materials from terrestrial sources. The vertical and seasonal variation of DOC was smaller than POC. Higher DOC was observed near the lake bottom which implies sedimentation and degradation of much organic detritus at the bottom. The ratio of DOC : POC varied from 2 to 60, and the ratio was lowest in September 1995 when algal density was highest. DOC : POC ratio of the main inflowing river, the Soyang River, varied from 1 to 10, and the ratio was low in storm runoff when the POC concentration was high.

국내 주요호수의 육수학적 조사 (1) : 옥정호

김범철,박주현,이병진,허우명,황길순,최광순,채기숙 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

The limnological survey of Lake Okjong was conducted for one year from June 1993 to May 1994 on the monthly basis. The loading of phosphorus, nitrogen and organic carbon from the watershed into the lake were monitored at the main in flowing sites. Secchi disc transparency , epilimnetic chlorophyll a, total nitrogen, total phosphorus concentration and primary production were in the range of 1.3~4.H m, 2.4~ 18.7 mg Chl/m³. 1.25~2.87 mg N/l, 7~65 mg P/m³, 325~2,113 mg C/m²/day, respectively. TN/Tl atomic ratio varled from 129 to 443. N/P ratio decreased in summer because phosphorus concentration was higher than in winter, while nitrogen did not vary much. The seasonal succession of phytoplankton was distinct. In winter and spring, diatoms, Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima and Aulacoseira italica were dominant while cyanobacteria, Microcystis sp.,M. ichthyovlabe, Phormidium sp. and P.valderianum var. tenuis were dominant in warm seasons. The dominant zooplankton species were Thertmocyclops taihokuensis in warm seasons while Boosmina longirostris were dominant in cold seasons. The organic carbon, nirtogen and phosphorus content of lake sediment were 8.0~14.8, 0.59~0.71, 1.14~1.87 ng N/g, respectively. The sediment of Lake Okjong can be classified as oligohumic based on C/N ratio. The total phosphorus loading from the watershed and fishfarm were estimated to be 2.7g P/m²/yr, which far exceeded the critical loading for eutrophication. The organic carbon loading from the watershed and primary production were determined to be 998t C/yr, 6,348t C/yr, respectively. Most of organic carbon was contributed by autochthonous primary production of phytoplankton. Trophic state of Lake Okjong can be classified as eutrophic

소결된 기어부품의 플라즈마 질화처리에 관한 연구

김범석,이상율,김광석 한국 항공대학교 항공산업기술연구소 2001 航空宇宙産業技術硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.11 No.-

본 실험에서는 Fe합금으로 소결된 기어부품을 특성향상을 위해 여러 조건에서 플라즈마 질화 처리를 실시하여 특성을 평가하였다. 특성평가는 광학현미경, XRD, 비커스경도계, 표면조도계를 이용하여 실시하였다. 특성평가 결과 질소의 분율이 높아질수록 화합물층의 두께는 증가하였고 질화처리 온도가 증가할수록 표면의 경도도 약 Hv150에서 Hv300, Hv400 으로 증가하였고 표면의 조도(Ra)값도 0.33㎛에서 0.57㎛로 증가하였다. XRD 측정결과 모든 조건에서 Fe4N상이 나타나는 것을 볼 수 있었고 처리온도가 올라갈수록 Fe4N상이 성장하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. Sintered Fe-alloy gear parts were plasma nitrided, and the influence of nitriding treatment condition(temperature, gas mixture, duty ratio)on the surface layer microstructure, compound layers properties of the gear part has been studied. Properties of the nitrided layer were analysed by using optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer(XRD), micro-vickers hardness tester, roughness tester. It was found that compound layer thickness increased with increasing ratio of N2 gas mixture and surface hardness, roughness increased with increasing nitriding temperature.

히스타민 및 항히스타민제가 P_(388) 백혈병세포계증식에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적연구

김동명,염범우,이대일 고려대학교 의과대학 1986 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.23 No.1

Histamine, one of the major mediators in IgE-mediated anaphylaxis, has also effect both in humoral and cellular immuue reaction, such as proliferation of effector or suppressor T lymphocytes, antibody formation and production of the macrophage migration inhibition factor. Such effects of histamine are known to be mediated by H₂ receptor located on the surface of lymphocytes and inhibited by H₂ receptor antagonist. Function of histamine and H₂-receptor antagonist as an immunomodulator enabled them to be tried to obtain an indirect anticancer effect. However, direct of histamine or H₂-receptor antagonist on growth of tumor cell is unknown. To understand direct effect of histamine or H₂-receptor antagonist on growth of tumor cell, histamine and H2-receptor antagonist (cimetidine) were added in Fischer's culture media in concentration of 10^(-3)M, 10^(-4)M and 10^(-5)M and cultured P_(383) leukemic cell for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The results are as followings; 1. Histamine revealed inhibitory activity to the growth of P_(383) cell line. And the activity revealed dosage dependency on histamine. 2. H₂-receptor antagonist showed no inhibitory effect on growth of P_(383) cell line. 3. Inhibitory effect of histamine of P_(383) cell line was not blocked by Cimetidine. Above results suggest that histamine has inhibitory effect on growth of P_(383) leukemic cell lice and this activity seems to have no relationship with H₃-receptor.

Suwa호 방류수내 남조류 독소(microcystin)의 일변화

김호섭,김범철,박호동,片上幸美,황순진 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 2001 環境硏究 Vol.18 No.-

The temporal and diel changes of cyanobacterial cell density, species composition, and cyanobacterial toxins (microcystin-RR, -YR, -LR) were examined for the outflow water of Lake Suwa in Japan from May to October, 1998. The highest total cell densities of Microcystis were observed in July and September, when the dominant phytoplankton was Microcystis ichthyoblabe and M. viridis, respectively. Both the species composition and total cell density of Microcystis affected the variation of the concentration of three microcystin variants. Only microcystin-RR(MC-RR) and -LR(MC-LR) were detected in July when Microcystis ichthyoblabe dominated, while microcystin-RR, -YR(MC-YR) and -LR were detected in August and October when Microcystis viridis dominated. The microcystin concentration and the cell density of Microcystis in the outflow water showed diel variations; the ratio of maximum to minimum value was 3~20 fold for microcystin concentration, and 5~31 fold for cell density. The diel variations of toxin concentration as well as Microcystis cell density was closely related to the diel variation of wind. During the windy period, when higher speeds occurred in the afternoon hours than morning hours, both the cell density of Microcystis and microcystin concentration tended to increase in the morning and decrease in the afternoon. The results of this study suggest that controlling the timing of lake discharge at the floodgate or intake tower can be useful for water resource management with respect to decreasing cyanobacteria biomass within intake water.

소양호 부영양학의 연변화 추이

김범철,조규송,허우명,김동섭 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.-

The trend of trophic status change in Lake Soyang from 1981 to 1989 was studied by the measurement of chlorophyll a concentration, transparaency, total phosphorus concentration, and the rate of hypolimnetic oxygen deficit rate. And the phosphorus loading from the watershed was measured monthly at the main inflowing river, Soyan River. The increasing trend of chlorophyll was clear at the rate of 0.4 /￡㎍/l/yr. The advent and expansion of Anabaena bloom was the major cause of chlorophyll, increase and transparency reduction. The rate of hypolimnetic oxygen deficit also increased from 0.032 mg Ο_(2)/cm^(2)/day in 1986 to 0066 in 1988. The trophic state of Lake Soyang can be assessed as oligotrophy before 1983, mesotrophy from 1984 to 1988, and eutrophy since 1989. Phosphorus loading from floating net fishfarms was estimated to be larger than 45% of total. The phosphorus loading from only watershed is smaller than the dangerous critical loading, but, if the fishfarms loading added, it exceeds the critical loading.

국내 주요 호수의 육수학적 조사(4): 주암호

김범철,박주현,허우명,임병진,황길순,최광순,최종수 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 2001 環境硏究 Vol.18 No.-

In this study limnological characteristics of Lake Juam was surveyed from June 1993 to May 1994 in order to provides important information regarding water resources. Seschi disc transparency, epilimnetic chlorophyll a(chl-a), tatal nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) concentration and primary productivity were in the range of 2.0~4.5 m, 0.9~13.6 mgChl/㎥, 0.78~2.32N/l, 11~56 mgP/㎥, 270~2,160mgCm^(-2)day^(-1), respectively. On the basis of TP, Chl-a and Secchi disc depth, the trophic state of Lake Juam can be classified as mesotrophic lake. The phosphorus inputs from non-point sources are concentrated in heavy rain episodes during the monsoon season. As a result, phosphorus concentration are higher in summer than in winter. TP loading from the watershed were estimated to be 0.9 gPm^(-2)yr(-1), which correspond to a boundary of the critical loading (1.0 gPm^(-2)yr(-1), which correspond to a boundary of the critical loading (1.0 gPm^(-2)yr(-1)) for eutrophication. From the results of the algal assay, both phosphous and nitrogen act as limiting nutrients in algal growth. The seasonal succession of phytoplankton community structure in Lake Juam was similar to that observed in other temperate lakes. Diatoms(Asterionella formosa and Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima) were dominant in spring and winter, cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa, M. sp. and M. viridis) were dominant in warm season. The organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content of lake sediment were 9.5~14.0 mgC/g, 1.01~1.82 mgN/g, and 0.51~0.65 mgP/g, respectively. The allochthonous organic carbon loading from the watershed and autochthonous organic carbon loading by primary production of phytoplankton were determined to be 1,122 tC/yr and 6,718 tC/yr, respectively. To prevent eutrophication of Lake Juam, nutrient management of watershed should be focus on reduction of fertilizer application, proper treatment of manure, and conservation of topsoil as well as point source.

The Hypolimnetic Anexie zone and the Metalimnetic Oxygen Minimum Layer in a Deep Reservoir, Lake Soyang

김범철,조규송 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.-

소양호의 용존산소 수직분포를 1985년 7월부터 1989년 7월까지 1∼2개월 간격으로 조사하였다. 전반적으로 용존산소농도가 매년 감소하는 추세를 보이고 있으며, 특히 1988년에는 심층에 무산소층이 형성되어 순환기 직전에는 저층으로부터 15m 높이까지 확대되었다. 이는 1980년대초까지 빈영양호이었던 소양호가 부영양화되고 있음을 보여주는 것이며 무산소층에서는 저층으로부터 용출된 무기인산염과 암모니아의 농도가 매우 높아 앞으로 영양염용출 증가에 의해 소양호의 부영양화는 가속될 것으로 예상된다. 또한 최근 수년간 겨울기온이 높았던 것도 수직혼합을 감소시킴으로써 용존산소 감소에 기여했을 것으로 보인다. 매년여름 수심 10∼20m에서 중층 산소최저층이 나타나고 있는데 이것은 국내 대형 저수지에서의 전형적인 분포형태인 것으로 보인다. 산소최저층이 표층의 혼합층 바로 아래에 형성되고, 수심이 깊어지면서 다시 서서히 산소가 증가하는 것으로 볼때 형성원인은 표층의 수온이 높아 산소비율이 크고 표층의 혼합층까지만 산소가 공급되기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 또한 장마철에 중층으로 유입되는 유입수에 현탁물이 많이 포함되어 있으며 산소최저층은 새로이 형성되는 중간츠으이 상부와 수심이 일치하고 있고 항상 여름의 우기에 형성되는 것으로 보아 우기의 유입수와 관련이 있을 수도 있다. The seasonal and vertical dissolved oxygen distributions were surveyed from July 1985 to July 1989 in a warm monomictic dendritic-shape reservoir, Lake Soyang. DO content showed the general trend of decrease from year to year, implying the advance of eutro· phication. HypoUmnetic anoxic zone began to develop in 1988 reaching upto 15 m from the bottom, which is an epoch·making event in Lake Soyang, well-known as a clear oligotrophich lake until early 1980s. In anoxic zone phosphate and ammonia concentration were very high, and nitrate depleted, which is expected to accelerate eutrophication of Lake Soyang. Insufficient cooling of surface waters in warm winters of 1986 to 1988 seems to have enhanced the DO decrease by reducing the duration of turnover. Metalimnetic 00 minimum layer appearing every late summer at the depth 15∼20m is a remarkable feature of DO distribution which is thought to be the typical pattern in large Korean reservoirs. The mechanism of the formation of metalimnetic oxygen minimum is further to be studied. However, it seems to be caused by the higher rate of oxygen consumption in epilimnion due to high temperature and the oxygen supply limited to only surface mixed layer, since it is formed just below the mixed layer and dissolved oxygen increase gradually in deeper layer. The intermediate current of storm runoff laden with organic debris of terrestrial origin might be the alternative cause.

박스-젠킨스법을 이용한 소양호 수질변화 시계열분석

김범철,윤용운,정태영,박석순 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 이화환경연구 Vol.1 No.-

Statistical models were developed using the Box-Jenkins time series analysis to simulate changes of water qualities in Soyang Lake. The water qualities included in the models are total phosphorus(TP) and chlorophyll-a(CA). The model development was based on the data obtained from Feb. 1987 to Oct. 1992 for TP and from Mar. 1985 to Oct. 1992 for CA, and followed the typical procedures of the Box-Jenkins method including identification, estimation, and diagnostic check. From the computed autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function(PACF), it was determined that the TP model should have two autoregression (AR) parameters and one moving average(MA) parameter, and two seasonal AR parameters and one seasonal MA parameter. The CA model was determined to have two AR parameters and two MA parameters, and two seasonal AR parameters and on seasonal MA parameter. Both models had seasonality of twelve months and were formulates as SARIMA(2,1,1)×(2,1,1)₁₂for TP and SARIMA(2,0,2)×(2,1,1)₁₂ for CA. The models were validated by testing normality and independency of the residuals. The model prediction ability was tested using the data collected from Nov. 1992 to July 1994 both for TP and CA. There were good agreements between the model predictions and the field measurements. Most of the predicted values were located within the 95% confidence limits except certain period of chlorophyll-a. It was concluded from this study that the Box-Jenkins time series analysis would be an effective tool to understand and simulate the long term variations of water qualities in Soyand Lake.