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「信物」에 관한 一考察 ― 天皇의 외교권에 관련하여 -
朴昔順 동아시아고대학회 2000 동아시아고대학 Vol.1 No.-
To define the essence of the emperor (Tenno, 天皇)'s royal authority during ancient Japanese history, I have investigated the meaning and the effect of the“Sinbuts(信物)”received from different countries. The paper examines the nature of the Sinbuts through the relationship between the emperor and daizokan(太政官). In addition, we looked at the characteristic of the emperor's diplomatic power criteria in Sinbuts in diplomatic relations. One criteria in Sinbuts is given as a diplomatic symbol to the other country. The other criteria of Sinbuts are given as a gift with the country's unique products. The first factor is important because of its symbolic meaning, where as the second one is important for its rareness. After the establishment of the Taiho-Ritsuryo legal codes(大寶律令), there was a change in Sinbuts. It was here that they began to call this exchange“Sinbuts”or“Kong-Chou Mul(貢調物)”which emphasizes its symbolic meaning. At the turn of the 8th century, Sinbuts that had been used in international diplomacy has now changed to more of a tribute to the emperor special favors. This change is a direct result of Japanese government having an emperor-centered policy. This policy was greatly influenced by China. The emperor, who holds the ultimate power in foreign affairs, has the full right to receive all the goods in totality as well. Kura-ryo(內藏寮), an organization that manages the emperor's finance, enabled him to control and distribute all the goods. In other word, the emperor has the full power to keep or redistribute all the goods he has received. In the process, daizokan too favored this method and used it himself for his profit. The ancient Japanese emperors retained their power through generations managing to keep the law in his favor and control people under him. He became the ultimate beneficiary as a head of all foreign and domestic affairs giving him maximum power. By managing this system, the ancient Japanese emperors kept their power in tact.
박석순,Park, Seok-Sun 환경보전협회 2010 환경정보 Vol.32 No.388
불행하게도 우리 국토는 기후 재난을 막을 수 있는 물 관리 여건이 매우 취약하다. 장마철에는 폭우로 인해 물난리를 겪고, 가뭄에는 물 한 방울이 아쉽다. 여기에 대형 자연호가 전무하여 장마에 집중되는 비를 모아둘 물그릇이 크게 부족하다. 한반도에 도래하는 기후변화는 이처럼 취약한 우리의 물 관리 여건을 더욱 심각한 상태로 몰아가고 있다. 폭우와 가뭄은 점점 강해지고 있으며, 그 피해는 연간 수조원에 달하고 있다. 역사와 전통을 가진 가뭄과 홍수의 나라이자 태생적 물그릇 부족국가에서 다가오는 기후 변화는 결코 방치될 수 없는 시급한 현안이다. 물그릇을 키우고 국토의 혈관이나 다름없는 강의 기능을 살려 기후재난을 최소화하는 물관리의 대변화가 절실하다. 이 글에서 4대강 살리기의 필요성과 찬반 논란의 핵심 쟁점에 관해 논의하고자 한다.