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Spoilage Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Brewing Industry
( Zhenbo Xu ),( Yuting Luo ),( Yuzhu Mao ),( Ruixin Peng ),( Jinxuan Chen ),( Thanapop Soteyome ),( Caiying Bai ),( Ling Chen ),( Yi Liang ),( Jianyu Su ),( Kan Wang ),( Junyan Liu ),( Birthe V. Kjell 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.7
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have caused many microbiological incidents in the brewing industry, resulting in severe economic loss. Meanwhile, traditional culturing method for detecting LAB are time-consuming for brewers. The present review introduces LAB as spoilage microbes in daily life, with focus on LAB in the brewing industry, targeting at the spoilage mechanism of LAB in brewing industry including the special metabolisms, the exist of the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state and the hop resistance. At the same time, this review compares the traditional and novel rapid detection methods for these microorganisms which may provide innovative control and detection strategies for preventing alcoholic beverage spoilage, such as improvement of microbiological quality control using advanced culture media or different isothermal amplification methods.
Enhancing properties of organic light-emitting diodes with LiF inside the hole transport layer
Enyu Zhou,Zhenbo Deng,Zhaoyue Lv,Zheng Chen,Denghui Xu,Yongsheng Wang 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.6
A new device has been made by inserting thin LiF layer in N,N0-diphenyl-N,N0-bis(1-napthyl–phenyl)-1, 10-biphenyl-4,40-diamine (NPB), which has a configuration of ITO/NPB(20 nm)/LiF(0.5 nm)/NPB(20 nm)/ Alq3(60 nm)/LiF(0.5 nm)/Al. Compared with normal device, the device inserted LiF layer inside NPB (HTL) can improve its performance. The luminance and efficiency is about 1.4 and 1.3 folds high of the conventional structure, respectively. The suggestion mechanism is that the LiF in the NPB layer can block holes of NPB, and balance the holes and electrons. Consequently, there are more excitons formed to boost the diode’s luminance and efficiency. And it may offer some valuable references for OLED’s structure. A new device has been made by inserting thin LiF layer in N,N0-diphenyl-N,N0-bis(1-napthyl–phenyl)-1, 10-biphenyl-4,40-diamine (NPB), which has a configuration of ITO/NPB(20 nm)/LiF(0.5 nm)/NPB(20 nm)/ Alq3(60 nm)/LiF(0.5 nm)/Al. Compared with normal device, the device inserted LiF layer inside NPB (HTL) can improve its performance. The luminance and efficiency is about 1.4 and 1.3 folds high of the conventional structure, respectively. The suggestion mechanism is that the LiF in the NPB layer can block holes of NPB, and balance the holes and electrons. Consequently, there are more excitons formed to boost the diode’s luminance and efficiency. And it may offer some valuable references for OLED’s structure.
Zhaoyue Lü,Zhenbo Deng,Zheng Chen,Hailiang Du,Ye Zou,Denghui Xu,Yongsheng Wang 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.3
A series of small molecular organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on tris (8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq_3) was fabricated by varying thicknesses and positions of cesium chloride (CsCl) layer inside Alq_3 layer. Both luminance and efficiency are enhanced due to the improvement of electron injection when a CsCl layer was deposited between Alq3 and aluminum (Al). For the insertion of the CsCl layer at the 10 nm position inside Alq3 layer away from Al cathode, the enhanced current density and luminance are attributed to the reaction between diffused Al and Cs. And the efficiency and luminance are enhanced due to the trap sites induced by the CsCl layer at the distance of 20 and 30 nm away from the Al cathode. The current density and luminance of devices, in which various thicknesses of CsCl layer was inserted at 20 nm position inside Alq3 layer away from the Al cathode, is affected by both hole trapped and insulating layer effects.
Xihong Zhao,Li Wang,Jin Chu,Yanmei Li,Yanyan Li,Zhenbo Xu,Lin Li,Mark E. Shirtliff,Xiaowei He,Yao Liu,Jihua Wang,Liansheng Yang 한국식품과학회 2010 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.19 No.6
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for rapid detection of the food-borne Salmonella strains had been developed and evaluated in this study. The optimal reaction condition was found to be 65℃ for 45 min, with the detection limit as 1 pg DNA/tube and 100 CFU/reaction. Application of LAMP assays was performed on 214 food-borne Salmonella strains using a rapid procedure and easy result confirmation, where the specificity of LAMP and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)assays was 97.7% (209/214) and 91.6% (196/214),respectively; with a 100% specificity for both assays.
Xihong Zhao,Li Wang,Jin Chu,Yanyan Li,Yanmei Li,Lin Li,Mark E. Shirtliff,Xiaowei He,Yao Liu,Jihua Wang,Liansheng Yang,Zhenbo Xu 한국식품과학회 2010 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.19 No.5
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for rapid detection of the foodborne Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains and related virulent factors had been developed and evaluated in this study. Six primers, including outer primers, inner primers, and loop primers, were specially designed for recognizing 8 distinct sequences on 3 target genes, which were tlh, tdh, and trh. The detection limits were found to be 100, 100 fg, and 1 pg DNA/tube for tlh, tdh, and trh, respectively. Application of LAMP assays were performed on 368 foodborne V. parahaemolyticus strains, the sensitivities of LAMP assays for the tlh, tdh, and trh were 100, 95.6, and 96.4%, and the negative predictive values (NPV) were 100, 84.7, and 93.1%, respectively; with a 100% specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) for all 3 target genes.