Aflatoxin B_1 투여가 急性 肝 病變에 미치는 영향에 對한 病理學的 硏究

장선문,이충식,강대영 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1989 충남의대잡지 Vol.16 No.1

In an attempt of elucidate the pathologic and histochemical changes of aflatoxin B_2-induced hepatie lesions, the present study in male Sprague-Dawley rats was undertaken to evalute the relation between pathologic change of the liver and histochemical changes of several enzymes : alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase at 3. 9. 24. 48. 72, and 144 hours after single administration of aflatoxin B_1 by gastric tube. The aflatoxin B_1 was dissolved in peanut oil(0.5㎎ aflatoxin B_1 to 0.5ml peanut oil). Grouop of male rats received aflatoxin B_1 1㎎ per ㎏ of body weight, respectively. Control animals were given a similar volume of peanut oil alone. The results on morphologic and histochemical changes were as follows: 1. The necrotic change of liver was mainly periportal, and it became most severe at 24 hours and was more prominent in the large dose group than the small dose group. 2. Biliary ductular cell proliferation started to appear within 72 hours and after became regressed later in the small dose group, but it remained approximately 144 hours after exposure in the large dose group. 3. Electron microscopically, all three groups showed irregular nuclear membrane and nucleolar change characterized by segregation of granular and fibrillar elements. All the group showed cytoplasmie changes such as dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum with detached ribosome, hyperplasia of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, increased numbers of lipid droplets and mitochondrial alteration. The above change in the large dose group was more severe than those of the small dose group. 4. In the histochemical study of experimental animals, there was a decrease in the intensity of the staining reaction of alkaline phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase within 24 hours and a progressive decrease in staining intensity was noted at 144 hours. And then the staining intensity of the acid phosphatase was similar to that shown by the control animal. In summary, the data obtained by present experiments indicate aflatoxin B_1 exerts periportal necrosis of hepatic lobules accompanied by bile ductular cell proliferation, and inhibition of protein synthesis, as jedged by elertron microscopic and histochemical changes.

Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

걷기운동과 조깅운동의 지질대사 변화에 관한 분석

장영금(Young Kum Chang),임식(Sik Lim) 한국사회체육학회 2001 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.16 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of regular exercise on the change of lipids. Three groups were organized, which included a control group, a walking group and a jogging group. The latter two groups were asked to get no extra exercise. By type of exercise, the experimental group was divided into two subgroups: walking and jogging. The mean heart rate per minute was maintained at 40%HRmax(±5%) in the walking group and at 70°%HRmax(±5%) in the jogging group. Both groups walked or run separately for 30 minutes at a regular pace. The pretest was conducted before the experiment, and posttest was implemented twice, 8 and 12 weeks after the experiment. The lipids was measured while they were relaxed. The variables to be observed were total-cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C and LDL-C. As a result of analyzing the collected data, the following findings were given: 1. There was no significant lipids change when they were at ease after getting incremental loading exercise. So the incremental loading exercise didn`t affect lipids change during relaxation. 2. The two types of incremental loading exercise brought a different change, to lipids 8 weeks after the groups started exercising. Especially, the jogging group showed most increase or decrease, which showed jogging, one of high-intensive exercises, was more effective. 3. Exercise 12 weeks after, it`s found that not only type of exercise but exercise term made a difference to lipids change. In both walking and jogging groups, lipids change was more significant after 12-week exercise than 8-week one. This fact suggested that higher-intensive (jogging) and longer-term(12 weeks) regular exercise was more effective. 4. The control group showed no significant difference in lipids change after getting incremental loading exercise during different terms. Therefore, it could be said that incremental loading exercise didn`t have any influence, unless it`s done on a regular basis. 5. The lipids change of the walking group was more significant after 8- and 12-week exercise than at ease, except HDL-C. This implied HDL-C could increase after walking exercise for more than 8 weeks at least. So a regular exercise with an intensity equivalent to or higher than that of walking would produce a good result. 6. For the jogging group, HDL-C also increased more significantly after 12-week exercise than after 8-week one. As a regular exercise for 12 weeks or more exerted a significant impact on lipids change, a high-intensive and long-term exercise turned out more effective. In the jogging group, there was a significant lipids decrease among pretest, 8-week after posttest, and 12-week after posttest. And there also was a significant lipids decrease, except HDL-C, between 8-week exercise and 12-week one. Accordingly, a regular exercise for 8 weeks or more at least could serve to reduce cholesterol.

급성 심근허혈에 따른 심실활성시간(Ventricular Activation Time)의 변화

한성욱,김윤년,김기영,남창욱,김기식,김권배 대한순환기학회 2001 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.31 No.3

체육교과 평가방식에 대한 소비자 의견 분석

모창배,유인영,김정식 청주대학교 학술연구소 2004 淸大學術論集 Vol.2 No.-

To collect customers opinion about physical education estimation system, this study targeted on 3rd grade students at academic high schools in Cheongju-city and Chungju-city in Chungcheongbuk-do. Main subjects of the study are each 4 classes in boys high school and girls high school. This paper examines the feasibility of estimation system change in the result of collecting customers opinion about estimation factors like reflection of school record and change, time factors like time obstacle and exercise ability, ability factors like influence and contents of school record, result factors like fairness of estimation, course factors like necessary and value of estimation and academic factors like private education expenses and its reduction. Based on the above result, it analyzes certification and correlation by item, sex and factor focused on every factor. Study materials are managed by SAS Package(Window Ver. 6.11). In the result of correcting customers opinion about the above estimation system, it shows as follows: First, it showed the difference by sex in change and reflection of physical education estimation system, change and influence of school record and necessary and value of estimation contents. Second, many male students supported items about exception and reflection of school record in physical education. It showed that most of students asked to change estimation system. Third, it showed time obstacle by students exercise ability in physical education estimation system. Male students have more obstacles to study other subjects than female ones. Fourth, it showed that many students asked to change estimation system not by influence of school record but by exercise ability. Fifth, it showed that many students emphasized fairness in estimation results by teachers. Sixth, in the case of male students, they asked enjoy activity and in the case of female ones, they asked physical development and health maintenance. Most students replied that physical education is necessary subject regardless of estimation. Seventh, Most students replied that physical education estimation system is not cause of increasing private education expenses directly. Eighth, students at academic high school have much correlation with estimation, time, ability, result and academic factor. On the other hand, it showed that subject factor did not much correlation with other factors.

급성 췌장염으로 발현된 낭성 변화를 이릉킨 종격동 부갑상선 선종 1예

이준호,최영식,박진홍,허갑도,윤설영,최소진,권태헌,이창렬,손성표,박영효 대한내분비학회 1998 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.13 No.3

Hypercalcemia due to hyperparathyroidism is rarely associated with acute pancreatitis. But, the relationship between hypercalcemia and pancreatitis still remains controvesial. Ectopic parathyroid adenoma with cystic change is one of the rare causes of hyperparathyroidism, and is usually located in neck and mediastinum. We report a case of mediastinal parathyroid adenoma with cystic change associated with acute pancreatitis. A 54-year-old male presented with epigastric pain for 3 days. The serum calcium, phosphate, elastase were 16.8mg/dL, 1.1 mg/dL, 2772.0 ng/mL respectively and his parathyroid hormone level in serum was 651.84 pg/mL. Chest CT showed a mediastinal mass with well defined inhomogenously enhanced density located between SVC and aorta. The patient was diagnosed to hyperparathyroidism with acute pancreatitis due to mediastinal parathyroid adenoma with cystic change, and was surgically removed. The surgical biopsy showed parathyroid adenoma with cystic change. After operation his general condition was improved and serum calcium, phosphate, amylase, lipase level were normalized (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 13:473-479, 1998).

A New MPEG-2 Rate Control Scheme Using Scene Change Detection

Park, Sang-Gyu,Lee, Young-Sun,Chang, Hyun-Sik Electronics and Telecommunications Research Instit 1996 ETRI Journal Vol.18 No.2

We propose two new rate control schemes to improve MPEG-2 rate control in view of visual quality when scene changes happen. Two proposed schemes are characterized by real-time and non real-time improvement to reduce the impact of scene changes. We also propose a new target-bit prediction method using spatial activity of pictures and present a simple and efficient scene change detection scheme using signed difference of mean absolute difference (MAD). Computer simulation results show that the proposed real-time algorithm effectively alleviates visual quality degradation after scene changes. The proposed non real-time algorithm gives maximum 2 dB improvement in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) at a scene-changed picture, compared with MPEG-2 rate control scheme and it shows better quality than the real-time one.

암세포 증식에 대한 YB-1 안티센스 올리고핵산염의 영향

김명성 ( Myung Sung Kim ),이완식 ( Wan Sik Lee ),박창환 ( Chang Hwan Park ),주영은 ( Young Eun Joo ),김현수 ( Hyun Soo Kim ),최성규 ( Sung Kyu Choi ),유종선 ( Jong Sun Rew ),정영도 ( Young Do Jung ),김세종 ( Sei Jong Kim ),안봉환 대한내과학회 2006 대한내과학회지 Vol.71 No.3

목적: YB-1은 PCNA, DNA 중합효소 및 MDR 유전자 등의 전사인자로 작용한다. YB-1 유전자는 정상 어른의 간에서는 발현되지 않지만 태아의 간이나 재생 중인 간에서는 발현이 현저히 증가되어서 세포의 증식과 밀접한 관련이 있음이 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 YB-1 유전자의 안티센스 올리고핵산염을 이용하여 YB-1의 발현을 억제함으로써 암세포 증식을 차단 할 수 있는지를 실험하고 암치료를 위한 유전자 요법으로서의 가능성을 알아보았다. 방법: 세포주로는 Chang liver, HepG2, CT-26 세포를 사용하였고, 사람의 정상세포로는 섬유아세포와 내피세포가 혼재된 조직을 사용하였다. YB-1 유전자의 안티센스 올리고핵산염으로는 YB-1 cDNA의 변역 시작 부위에 상보적인 21mer 올리고핵산염을 제작하여 사용하였다. 세포의 성장은 MTT assay를 이용하였고, 유전자 발현은 Northern blot으로 분석하였으며, 세포주기 변화는 propidium iodide로 염색하여 유식세포분석기로 분석하였다. 동물실험에서는 CT-26 세포를 1.0×10(5)개씩 Balb/c 생쥐의 피하에 접종하여 종양을 유도하였다. 종양이 유도된 Balb/c 생쥐에 YB-1 안티센스 올리고핵산염을 꼬리정맥이나 종양조직에 주사한 후 종양의 크기를 측정하여 종양억제 효과를 관찰하였다. 결과: YB-1 안티센스 올리고핵산염은 CT-26 세포에서는 50 nM 이상 농도에서 Chang liver와 HepG2 세포에서는 10 nM 이상 농도에서 세포주의 성장을 강하게 억제하였지만 정상 조직세포의 성장에는 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다. 안티센스 올리고핵산염을 DOTAP에 담지한 경우 세포성장 억제에 미치는 효과가 안티센스 올리고핵산염 단독 처치 보다 강하였다. 이때 YB-1의 발현은 증식이 억제된 세포주(Chang liver 및 CT-26)에서는 감소하였으나 정상조직세포에서는 변화가 없었다. 증식이 억제된 세포주에서 세포주기를 살펴보면 초기에 S phase가 감소함을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 꼬리정맥이나 종양조직에 YB-1 안티센스 올리고핵산염을 주입 시 종양의 크기가 유의하게 감소하였다. 결론: 이상의 실험 결과 YB-1 안티센스 올리고핵산염은 암세포의 성장을 저해하며 종양 동물모델에서 종양의 성장을 억제할 수 있음을 시사하였다. Background: Human YB-1 is a transcription factor that binds to the inverted CCAAT box in the promoter region of a variety of genes such as PCNA, DNA polymerase and MDR. In this study we evaluated the effect of YB-1 antisense oligonucleotides on tumor cell growth. Methods: Chang liver, HepG2 and CT-26 cells were cultured as immortalized cell lines. The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, Northern blot and flow cytometric analyses were used to determine cell growth, gene expression and cell cycle changes. In an animal model, CT-26 cells were injected into Balb/c mice to induce tumor; YB-1 antisense oligonucleotides were injected into the tail vein or tumor tissue of the mice; change of tumor size was then measured. Results: Phosphorothioated YB-1 antisense oligonucleotides suppressed the proliferation of the immortalized liver cells (Chang liver cells) and a variety of cancer cells (HepG2 and CT-26 cells); however, it did not inhibit normal cell growth. The DOTAP/antisense oligonucleotide mixture showed stronger effects on cell proliferation than did the antisense oligonucleotide alone. The YB-1 antisense oligonucleotide decreased specific expression of the YB-1 mRNA in the immortalized cancer cell lines. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the inhibition of cell proliferation might have been due to a decrease in the S phase of the cell cycle. We found that in an animal tumor model, the administration of the YB-1 antisense oligonucleotide, in the vein or tumor tissues, decreased the tumor size significantly. Conclusions: These results suggest that the YB-1 antisense oligonucleotide may inhibit growth of a variety of cancer cells.(Korean J Med 71:293-301, 2006)

급성 췌장염으로 발현된 낭성 변화를 일으킨 종격동 부갑상선 선종 1예

권태현,박진흥,윤설영,이창렬,이준호,최소진,손성표,허갑도,최영식,박영효 성분도병원 1998 성분도병원논문집 Vol.4 No.-

Chlorhexidine varnish 처치 후 고정식 교정장치 장착 환자의 치태내 균주 변화 양상에 대한 장기간 관찰 연구

장영일,양원식,남동석,김태우,백승학 대한치과교정학회 2000 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.30 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 chlorhexidine varnish를 고정식 교정장치 장착 환자의 치면에 도포한 후 나타나는 치태내 균주의 변화 양상을 장기간 관찰하는 것이다. 서울대학교병원 치과진료부 교정과에서 고정식 교정장치로 치료하기로 하였던 환자 100명중에서 32주까지 장기간 추적 (follow-up) 되었던 21명을 최종 연구대상으로 선정 하였다. 실험군(12명)은 chlorhexidine varnish를 1주일 간격으로 4회 도포한 후 고정식 교정장치를 부착하였고, 대조군(9명)은 chlorhexidine varnish처치를 하지 않고 고정식 교정장치를 부착하였다. 그리고 실험군에서는 20주 째에 chlorhexidine varnish를 1회 처치하였다. 두 군에서 고정식 교정장치 부착 직전과 부착 후 4, 8, 20, 32주의 치태내 균주의 변화 양상을 간접면역 형광 현미경법으로 분석하고 SAS 통계프로그램을 사용하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.Streptococcus mutans는 실험군에서 전 실험기간동안 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 억제되었고 (p〈0.01), 대조군에서 전 실험기간동안 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 증가하였다 (p〈0.05). 2.Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mitis, Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii는 실험군과 대조군에서 통계학적으로 유의성 있는 변화를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 고정식 교정장치를 사용할 환자에서 chlorhexidine varnish를 처치할 경우 치아 우식의 주 원인균인 Streptococcus mutants를 장기간 선택적으로 억제할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The authors observed the long term effects of chlorhexidine vanish treatment on microbial change of dental plaque in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. The initial sample was 100 patients who were arranged to be treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. The final sample consisted of 21 patients who could be traced for 32 weeks after application of fixed orthodontic appliances. They were classified into the experimental group (12 patients) and the control group (9 patients). The experimental group was treated with chlorhexidine vanish once a week for 4 weeks before application of fixed orthodontic appliance. The control group was not treated with chlorhexidine varnish before application of fixed orthodontic appliance. The experimental group was treated once more after 20 weeks. The microbial changes of dental plaque were analysed by indirect immunofluorescence technique at pre-treatment, post-treatment 4, 8, 20, and 32 weeks. The results were as follows. 1.In the experimental group, streptococus mutans was significantly suppressed during experimental period.(p〈0.01) But, in the control group, streptococcus mutants was significantly increased after placement of fixed orthodontic appliances during experiment period.(p〈0.05) 2.Streptococcus sanglus, Streptococcus mitis, Actinomyces viscosus, and Actinomyces naeslundii did not show significant change between the experimental and the control group during experiment period. So, if we treat the orthodontic patients with chlorhexidine varnish before application of fixed appliances, we may suppress the major cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, selectively for long period.