인플루엔자 바이러스

孫英模 대한의사협회 1998 대한의사협회지 Vol.41 No.3

기혼 중년남성의 직무 및 가족 스트레스와 자살구상

강모성,전영주,손태홍 한국가족관계학회 2008 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Recently, there has been tremendous increase of suicide among the middle-aged men in Korea. The purpose of this study is to examine the status of job stress, family stress and suicidal ideation perceived by middle-aged married men as well as to investigate the relationships between these variables. For this study, 233 men aged 40~59, who reside at Busan and work at diverse industries, were selected. They filled out self-administrated questionnaires. The major findings of this study suggest several implications associated with suicidal ideation. First, higher position in socioeconomic status indexed by education, income, and job contributed to reduce suicidal ideation among the middle-aged married men. Especially education had consistently suppressed pressure of suicidal ideation. This result implies that education is able to promote cognitive flexibility to diffuse suicidal ideation. Second, family stress played a key role to increase suicidal ideation. Family stress originated from unstable adjustment to job identity and consistent conjugal conflicts were the most strongly associated with suicidal ideation among the middle-aged men. This finding suggests that differential levels of suicidal ideation tend to be determined by stable self-identity based on solid integration into job and family structure rather than inherent temperament and vulnerability to distress. Meanwhile, work-related stress was not a significant determinant in suicidal ideation. This result indicates that, for the middle-aged men, job-related stressors are not perceived as distress, but a possible challenge to maintain their self-esteem. Overall findings lend support to Durkheim's status integration hypothesis. Some implications associated with this hypothesis are discussed. To help reducing suicidal ideation among the middle-age married men, family counseling and family education programs ought to be implemented. Our study suggests that underlying theme of these programs put emphasis on sharing family support responsibility, diversifying lifestyles to participate all family members, and creating a family-friendly job environment.

만성 승모판 패쇄부전증 환자에서의 안지오텐신 전환효소 억제제의 장기 투여 효과

김대희,이명묵,이해영,조현재,박승정,서재빈,서정원,양한모,윤창환,조상호,이준희,김용진,김명아,손대원,오병희,박영배 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.2

문헌 분석에 의한 B형 간염 백신의 항체 양전률의 비교

노혜옥,이우길,손영모,Roh, Hye Ok,Lee, Woo Gill,Sohn, Young Mo 대한소아감염학회 1998 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.5 No.2

목 적 : 1983년부터 B형 간염 예방접종을 시행한 이래 국내에서 사용 중인 B형 간염 백신들의 항체 양전률에 대한 보고는 접종 일정, 접종 용량, 항체 검사 방법 및 항체 양성기준 등이 서로 상이하여 그 효과를 비교하기에 논란이 있어 왔다. 이에 저자들은 B형 간염 예방접종 후에 항체 양전률을 조사한 국내 문헌들에 대한 분석을 통해 접종되고 있는 B형 간염 백신의 효과를 맡아 보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 각과 의학회지 및 분과 학회지, 의과대학 학회지 등에서 B형 간염 백신을 접종하고 항체 양전율을 보고한 논문을 대상으로 하였다. 논문의 포함 기준은 검사 방법이 방사선 면역법 또는 효소결합 면역흡착 검사법이고 혈청 방어 항체가를 10mIU/mL 이상으로 하거나 기준 비율(sample ratio unit)를 10 ratio unit(RU) 이상으로 한 경우이며 이를 기준으로 항체 양전률을 구할 수 있는 경우로 하였다. 제외 기준은 접종 용량이 불분명하거나 불규칙한 경우, 항체 양전률이 없는 경우, 양성 기준 항체가 또는 기준 비율을 10mIU/mL 또는 10RU로 정하지 않았거나 변환할수 없는 경우, 접종 일정이 0-1-2개월 또는 0-1-6개월이 아닌 경우, 접종 백신의 기원이 명시되지 않은 경우로 하여, 52편 중 29편을 제외한 23편의 논문을 대상으로 항체 양전률을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 접종 연령에 따른 항체 양전률의 가중 펑균은 Hepaccine(제일제당)의 경우 영아에서 85.1%, 소아에서 83.3%, 성인에서 62.7%로 영아와 소아에서 성인보다 항체 양전률이 높았다(P<0.01). Hepavax(녹십자)의 경우는 영아에서 84.7%, 소아에서 81.1%, 성인에서 90.8%로 소아에서 더 낮은 항체양전률을 나타내었다(P<0.01). 2) Hepavax(녹십자)를 0-1-6개월에 접종한 경우 항체 양전률의 가중 평균은 85.6%였고 0-1-2개월에 접종한 경우는 78.5%로 0-1-6개월에 접종한 경우가 항체 양전률이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다(P<0.01). 3) 영아 및 소아에서 Hepavax(녹십자)를 $5{\mu}g$ 접종한 경우와 $10{\mu}g$ 접종한 경우의 항체 양전률에는 차이가 없었다(P<0.38). 4) 성인에서 Hepaccine 접종 후 항체 양전률의 가중 평균은 62.7%. Hepavax는 90.8%였고 Engerix-B의 경우 94.8%로 Hepavax와 Engerix-B가 Hepaccine 보다 항체 양전률이 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). 결 론 : 본 조사를 동하여 만성 B형 간염 환자의 보유율이 높은 국내에서 원래 정해진 일정을 변경하는 방법은 항체 생성을 극대화하지 못하므로 주의할 필요가 있으며 백신의 면역원성을 높이기 위해서는 과거보다 더 효과적인 백신을 개발하고, 올바른 접종 방법을 지키도록 노력하여야 할 것으로 생각되었다. Purpose : Although hepatitis B vaccine has been available to general population in Korea since 1983, it was difficult to compare various types of hepatitis B virus(HBV) vaccines primarily due to the differences in vaccination schedule, dosage, test methods and seropositive antibody level. In this study we reviewed the results of previous studies published in Korea, which include antibody positive rates and antibody titers of various vaccines, and examined the immunogenicity of these HBV vaccines. Methods : Studies published in medical journals, university journals concerning antibody positive rates following hepatitis B vaccination were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were those studies in which seroprotective antibody rate of 10mIU/mL or the sample ratio unit of 10 RU were used as the cut-off value and in which the test methods were RIA or ELISA. Exclusion criteria were; 1) unclear or inconsistent vaccine dosage, 2) no record of antibody titers or seroconversion rate, 3) no defined antibody rate or ratio for positive rating and 4) the vaccination schedule other than 0-1-2 months or 0-1-6 months. Results : 23 out of 52 studies were subjected for the review for seroconversion rates. 1) As for the immunogenicity in each age group, the seroconversion rates of Hepaccine(Cheil Jedang) were 85.1% in infants, 83.3% in children and 62.7% in adults, indicating higher rates in infants and children compared to adults(P<0.01). The seroconversion rates of Hepavax(Korea Green Cross) were 84.7%, 81.1% and 90.8%, indicating higher rates in infants and adults compared to children(P<0.01). 2) The seroconversion rate of Hepavax was 85.6% with 0-1-6 mo. schedule, 78.5% with 0-1-2 mo. schedule with a statistically significant difference(P<0.01). 4) There was no difference of seroconversion rates between the two doses of Hepavax, $5{\mu}g$ and $10{\mu}g$ in infants and children. 5) In adults the seroconversion rates were 62.7% with Hepaccine, 90.8% with Hepavax, and 94.8% with Engerix-B(SmithKline Beecham). Conclusion : In Korea, the incidence of chronic hepatitis B is high and changing the schedule in vaccination cannot contribute to the increase of the serocoversion rate. And in order to maximize immunogenicity, more effective vaccines as well as more proper vaccination methods should be used.

Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus with Bilateal Hydronephrosis : Indomethacin in Treatment of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

Sohn, Young Mo,Lee, Chul,Kim, Pyung-Kil,Yun, Duk Jin Yonsei University, College of Medicine 1980 Yonsei medical journal Vol.21 No.2

일본뇌염백신 접종후 면역 항체 지속률에 대한 연구

손영모,조해월,김창휘,오성희,이환종,강진한,김광남,김동수,박종영,정철영,차성호,홍영진,신상만 대한감염학회 1995 감염 Vol.27 No.6

목 적 : 현재 매년 추가접종하고 있는 일본뇌염백신 접종 스케줄의 타당성을 알아보기 위하여 1994년도 9월 시점에서 1994년도에 접종여부를 분류하여 접종여부에 따른 적혈구응집항체 및 중화항체의 보유률과 평균항체가에 차이가 있는가를 조사하였다. 방 법 : 1994년 8월부터 12월까지 서울시내 소재 9개, 부천 소재 1개 대학부속병원과 국립병원 소아과에 입원하고 있는 환자중 뇌염이나 신경계 증상이 없는 18세 이하의 소아를 대상으로 일본뇌염백신 접종여부를 확인하고 Hemagglutination inhibition test 와 Plaque reduction neutralization test를 시행하여 적혈구응집항체와 중화항체를 측정하였다. 결 과 : 모두 333명을 검사한 결과 1994년도 접종자는 119명(35.7%) 였으며 1993년도 접종자 131명(39.3%) 이였다. 1) 93년에 최종 접종을 한 131명을 대상으로 3회의 기본접종 2회만 접종한 30명과 추가접종까지한 101명에서 HI항체 양전율을 조사한 결과 두군간에 의미있는 차이가 있었으며 (46.7% vs 72.3%, pvalue<0.01), 이중 84명에 대한 중화항체 GMT 를 검사한 결과 기본 2회 접종만 한 경우는 15.5, 추가 접종을 한 경우는 18.8로 두 군간에 통계적으로 의미있는 항체가 차이는 없었다(p>0.7). 2) 94년에 최종 접종을 한 119명을 대상으로 기본접종만 한 24명과 추가접종을 한 95명에서 HI 항체 양성률에 의미있는 차이가 있었으며(41.7% vs 68.4%,P value<0.01), dlwnd 75명에서 중화항체 GMT를 검사한 결과 기본접종만 한 경우 15.2 추가접종 까지 한 경우 17.7로 두 군간에 차이는 없었다(p>0.3). 3) 기본 3회 접종중 2회만 접종한 접종자중 93년도 접종자 30명과 94년도 접종자 24명의 HI 항체 양성률은 46.7%와 41.7%을 보였으며 (p>0.9), 54명중 24명에대하여 중화항체가 GMT를 비교한 결과 93년 접종자는 15.5, 94년도 접종자는 15.7% 이었다(p>0.6). 4) 추가접종을 한 196명에서 93년도 추가 접종자 101명과 94년도 추가접종자 95명의 HI 항체양성률은 72.3%와 68.4%로 두 군간에 통계적으로 의미있는 차이가 없었으며(p>0.5), 추가접종자 196명중 HI항체가 양성인 접종아중 133명을 대상으로 중화항체 GMT 결과는 93년도 접종자는 18.8이였으며 94년 추가접종자는 17.7%로 두 군간에 차이가 없었다(P>0.8). 5) 2회 접종만 한 56명과 추가접종을 한 203명을 대상으로 HI항제 양성률을 비교한 결과 48.6%와 66.8%로 의미있는 차이가 있었다(p<0.01) 결 론 : 일본뇌염바이러스 감염을 예방하기 위한 기본면역을 유지하기 위해서는 2회 접종 후 반드시 12개월 후 1회의 추가접종이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 매년 재접종의 필요성에 대한 결과는 1 년전에 최종 재접종을 하고 94년에는 접종을 하지않은 군과 93년과 94년에 걸쳐 연속 재접종을 한 군 사이에 HI 항체양성률에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타나 일본뇌염백신 기본 3회접종(1-2주간격으로 2회 접종 후 12개월에 1회 추가접종)후에 매년 재접종 스케줄을 2년 간격으로 하여도 항체양성 보유율로 볼때 차이가 없을 것으로 판단되며 부작용이 발생할 가능성도 줄일수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE), a mosquito-borne flaviviral disease of humans and animals, is a major public health problem in Asian country, were an estimated 50,000 cases occur annually. Since several decade ago, inacyivated JE vaccine has been used in Korea with the national expanded immunization program which consists of primary doses; two consecutive vaccination with one month interval and one booster vaccination at 12 months after second injection, and annual revaccination thereafter. However this annual revaccination schedule has not yet been justified immunologically, practically and economically.We retrospectively reviewed the immunization history and concurrently examined humoral immune response to JE virus to determine whether the current annual revaccination after primary vaccination is neccesary in Korean children. methods: We tested sera from children who had the history of JE vaccination in 1933 or 1944, for antibodies against JE virus by hemagglutination inhibition test and plaqe reduction neutralization test. Seroposiyivity rates of hemagglutination(HI) antibody and geometric mean titers(GMT) of netrualizing antibody(NA) were compared according to the type of immunization schedule(primary or booster). Results: The total enrolled subjects were 333; 1994 vaccinees were 119(35.7%) AND 1993 VACCINEES,131(39.3%) 1) Among 131 subjects who received the last vaccination in 1993, the seroppsitive rates of HI antibody against JE virus of primary vaccination group(PVG) and booster vaccination group(BVG) were 46.7% and 72.3%, respectively (p value<0.01) and GMTs of NA of tow 15.5 and 18.8, respectively (p>0.7) 2) Among 119 subjects who received the last vaccination in 1994, the seropositive rates of HI antibody of PVG were 41.7% and 68.4% respectively(p value<0.01) and GMTs of two groups were 15.2 and 17.7 respectively(p>o.3) 3) The seropositive rates of HI antibody of 54 subjects who had only primary vaccination in 1993 or 1994 were 46.7% and 41.7%, respectively (p value>0.9) andGMTs, 15.5 and 15.7, respectively (p value>0.6). 4) The seropositive rate of HI antibody of 194 suvjects who had booster vaccination in 1993 or 1994 were 72.3% and 68.4%, respectively (p>o.5) and GMTs, 18.8 and 17.7, respectively (p>0.8). 5) The seropositive rate of HI antibody of 56 subjects who only primary vaccination and 203 suvjects who had booster vaccination were 48.6% and 66.8%, respectively (p<0.01) Conclusion: This data showed that we need three doses of consecutive vaccinations, as two dose primary vaccination with one month interval and booster dose after primary vaccination at 12 month later, for acqusition of primary immunity against JEV and we may be able to change the annual revaccination schedule to two years intervals, after acqusition of primary immunity trough three consecutive vaccination.

Primary and Booster Immune Responses to Live Attenuated SA14-14-2 Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine in Korean Infants

Sohn, Young Mo The Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Disease 1998 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.5 No.1

중합효소연쇄반응으로 확진되 Herpes Simplex virus 뇌염 1례

박대영 ( Dae Young Park ),이준수 ( Joon Soo Lee ),이영호 ( Young Ho Lee ),손영모 ( Young Mo Sohn ) 대한소아감염학회 1996 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.3 No.2

Herpes simplex virus(HSV) infections of the CNS are associated with significant morbidity and mortality even when appropriate antiviral therapy is administered. HSV infections of the brain can be subdivided into two categories : neonatal HSV infections, which usually are caused by HSV type 2, and herpes simplex encephalitis(HSE), which occur in patients over 3 months old and is nearly uniformly caused by HSV type 1. The clinical presentation of HSE is one of the focal encephalopathic process associated with altered levels of consciousness, fever, focal seizures and hemiparesis. But because of the lack of pathognomic clinical presentation and diagnostic procedure, the efforts to develop alternative diagnostic procedure have led to the use of new diagnostic technique such as polymerase chain reaction(PCR). We report a case of HSV type 1 encephalitis in 13 month old male infant who presented with altered level of consciousness, fever and focal seizures. With the use of the PCR, HSV-1 DNA was detected in cerebrospinal fluid from the patient. The symptoms and signs of encephalitis subsided by treatment with acyclovir in 14 days.

枸杞子가 枸杞子卵巢摘出 흰쥐의 骨組織代謝에 미치는 影響

구용모(Yong-Mo Koo),김성훈(Sung-Hoon Kim),김은영(Eun-Young Kim),이현삼(Hyun-Sam Lee),최현(Hyeon Choi),손영주(Young-Joo Sohn),정혁상(Hyuk-Sang Jung),손낙원(Nak-Won Sohn) 대한한의학회 2008 대한한의학회지 Vol.29 No.3

소아에서 Typhoid Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine (Typhovax)의 면역원성 및 안전성에 대한 연구

손영모,김지홍,계동범 대한화학요법학회 1993 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.11 No.2

The immunogenicity and safety of purified Vi polysaccharide vaccine(Typhim Vi, Merieux France) against typhoid fever has been reported in Korea. The side effect were limited to minor systemic reaction and transient local reaction. The seroconversion rate was 93% at one month after vaccination. Recently, Vi capsular polysaccharide from Salmonella typhi Ty2 has been purified and manufactured to the vaccine in Korea. To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccin(Typhovax, Korea Green Cross) in children, a single dose of 0.5ml(25 ㎍) of Typhovax was injected intramuscularly to sixty healthy children. Adverse effect was assessed on the day 0, 1, and 2 according to case report from by a nurse. Salmonella Vi antibody titer were measured by passive hemagglutination test(PHA) before and 1, 6 and 12 months after vaccination. Local reaction developed redness(36.7%, 22/60), pain(15%, 9/60), and induration(5%, 3/60) of the injection site. Fever was developed in one case. The seroconversion rate was 94.6%(53/56) at one month after vaccination. The geometric mean titer(GMT) of Vi antibodies by PHA was 64.2 at one month after vaccination. One year follow up data indicated that the elevated level of Vi antibody titers persisit and GMT showed the decreased level of 40.8 at 6months and 34.5 at 12months after vaccination.