자궁내막증 병변에서의 Cytokine mRNA의 발현 양상

이택후(Taek Hoo Lee),김광수(Gwang Soo Kim),김일규(Il Gyu Kim),전상식(Sang Sik Chun),조영래(Young Lae Cho) 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.9

목적: 자궁내막증은 최근에 그 빈도가 급격하게 증가되고 있으나 아직까지 병인과 치료법이 확실하게 정립되지 못하고 있는 부인과 내분비의 대표적인 질환이다. 최근 들어서 자궁내막증 환자의 불임의 원인으로 cytokine이 밀접하게 관여됨이 밝혀지고 있고 자궁내막증의 병인으로 복강내로 역류된 월경혈에 의한 복강내의 국소적 염증에 대한 개체의 반응정도와 면역체계의 변화가 중요하게 인정되고 있으나 아직까지 정확한 기전은 밝혀져 있지 않기 때문에 이에 저자는 자궁내막증 환자의 복수 내에서의 cytokine의 정량측정과 골반내 자궁내막증 병변조직에서의 cytokine mRNA의 발현 양상을 조사하여 자궁내막증 환자의 병인분석을 시도하였다. 연구방법: 자궁내막증 진단을 받고 복강경 혹은 개복 수술을 받은 30명의 환자에서 총 60개의 자궁내막증 병변이라고 의심되는 조직을 채취하여 이를 RT-PCR법을 이용하여 Cytokine 유전자의 발현양상을 조사하였다. 또한 7례의 정상대조군과 23례의 자궁내막증 환자의 복수를 ELISA법을 이용하여 정량분석을 시도하였다. 결과: 자궁내막증 환자의 복수내에서 IL-6와 IL-10의 농도는 자궁내막증의 임상적 중증도에 따라서 의미있게 증가되어 있었으나 IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, 그리고 IL-5의 농도는 정상 대조군에 비해서 변화가 없었다. 모든 예의 심부 자궁내막증 병변조직과 표재성 자궁내막증 병변조직에서 IL-1β cytokine mRNA의 발현을 볼 수 있었다. IL-5와 IL-6은 표재성 병변 12개 중에서 각각 2개의 black lesion에서만 발현을 볼 수 있었으며 IL-10은 표재성 병변에서는 12개중 2개에서 그리고 심부성 병변에서는 8개중 1개의 조직에서만 발현되었다. IFN-γ는 표재성 병변에서는 전혀 발현이 없었으나 심부성 병변에서는 8개중 4개의 조직에서 발현이 되었으며 TNF-α는 표재성 병변에서는 red 및 black 병변에서 각각 1개의 조직에서만 발현이 되었으나 심부성 병변에서는 역시 8개중 4개의 조직에서 발현이 되었다. 결론: 표재성 병변이 골반강내에 착상하여 염증성 반응이 일어날 수 있는 원인이 제공되면 IL-1β 혹은 TNF-α같은 염증성 cytokine이 분비가 되며 이로 인해 생성되는 단핵세포의 chemotactic factor에 의해 대식세포의 증가와 활성화가 이루어지고 이어서 복강내에 IL-6 등의 cytokine이 증가되며 마지막으로 여러 가지 증가된 cytokine에 대한 반대 반응으로 IL-10이 증가됨을 추정할 수가 있겠으며 이러한 가정은 앞으로 cytokine을 이용한 치료적 응용의 기초적인 연구로서 중요한 의미를 제공할 수 있다고 하겠다. Objective: The pathogenesis of endometriosis is generally accepted that retrograde menstruation and alterations in the local pelvic immune environment. This study was performed to help elucidate what kind of role various cytokines might play in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Method: Concentrations of peritoneal fluid cytokines were compared in 7 women with normal pelvic finding and 23 women with endometriosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The patterns of cytokine mRNA expression in 8 ovarian endometrioma and 12 superficial pelvic endometriosis lesions were investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) amplification method. Result: Both IL-6 and IL-10 levels in peritoneal fluid specimens with endometriosis tended to be higher than normal. However, there were no significant differences between peritoneal fluid concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-5 of women with and without endometriosis. The levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly higher in peritoneal fluid of women with severe endometriosis compared to women with mild endometriosis. IL-1β mRNA was expressed in all of 8 deep and 12 superficial endometriosis lesions. IL-5 and IL-6 mRNA were expressed in only two black lesions respectively, however, both were not expressed in the all deep lesions. Expressions of IL-10 mRNA occurred in one red and one black lesion while this was expressed in only one of the deep lesions. TNF-α mRNA was expressed in one red and one black lesion of 12 superficial lesions compared with four of the deep lesions. There was the difference between kinds of increased cytokines in the peritoneal fluid and those of expressed cytokines in the endometriotic lesions of patients with endometriosis. Conclusion: This study supports the concept that local immunologic factors may be important in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis. The pattern of cytokine mRNA expression of endometriotic lesions would seem to indicate that proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α are responsible for the development or progression of endometriosis.

Regulation of interleukin-11 expression in ovulatory follicles of the rat ovary

Jang, You-Jee,Park, Jae-Il,Jeong, Seong-Eun,Seo, You-Mi,Dam, Phuong T. M.,Seo, Young-Woo,Choi, Bum-Chae,Song, Sang-Jin,Chun, Sang-Young,Cho, Moon-Kyoung Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Or 2017 Reproduction, fertility, and development Vol. No.

<P> The aim of the present study was to examine the regulation of interleukin (IL)-11 expression, as well as the role of IL-11, during ovulation in gonadotropin-primed immature rats. Injection of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), followed by human CG (hCG) to induce superovulation stimulated expression of the Il11 gene in theca cells within 6 h, as revealed by northern blot and in situ hybridisation analyses. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the IL-11 receptor, α subunit gene was expressed in granulosa and theca cells and that injection of hCG had no effect on its expression. IL-11 protein expression was stimulated in theca cells by hCG. LH-stimulated increases in Il11 mRNA levels in cultured preovulatory follicles were inhibited by protein kinase A and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 were detected in preovulatory follicles, and the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide, but not the TLR2 ligand Pam3Cys, increased Il11 mRNA levels in theca cells, but not in granulosa cells. Treatment of preovulatory follicles with IL-11 stimulated progesterone production and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (Star) gene expression. Together, these results indicate that IL-11 in theca cells is stimulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling and TLR4 activation, and increases progesterone production during ovulation. </P>

GATA-3 is a Key Factor for Th1/Th2 Balance Regulation by Myristicin in a Murine Model of Asthma

이규,이창민,정인덕,정영일,천성학,박희주,최일환,안순철,신용규,이상율,염석란,김종석,박영민,Lee, Kyu,Lee, Chang-Min,Jung, In-Duk,Jeong, Young-Il,Chun, Sung-Hak,Park, Hee-Ju,Choi, Il-Whan,Ahn, Soon-Cheol,Shin, Yong-Kyoo,Lee, Sang-Yull,Yeom, S Korean Society of Life Science 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.8

Myristicin은 육두구에서 발견되는 고농축 정유 중 하나인 물질이다. 하지만 Th1/Th2 면역반응에서 육두구의 항알레르기 효과는 아직 밝혀지지 않았다. 최근에 Th1/Th2 전사인자로서 T-bet, GATA-3가 밝혀졌는데 이번 실험에서 myristicin이 ovalbumin(OVA)으로 유도한 천식(asthma) 생쥐모델에서 Th1,Th2 싸이토카인과 유전자 발현을 조절할 수 있는가에 대하여 알아보았다. 또한 기관지 폐포 세척액을 회수하여 백혈구의 수적 변화, 제2형 협조T세포(Th2 cell)가 생산하는 IL-4, IL-5의 생산에 미치는 영향과 폐조직에서 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 활성을 측정하였다. 그 결과 기관지 폐포 세척액에서 OVA로 감작하여 천식을 유도한 실험군에서는 호산구의 현저한 증가, Th2 형 싸이토카인(IL-4, IL-5)의 증가가 관찰되었다. 그러나 myristicin을 투여한 그룹에서는 OVA의 감작에 의하여 증가한 각종 염증성 지표들이 감소하거나 정상화 되었다. 또한 OVA에 의하여 증가된 기도저항성이 myristicin 투여에 의하여 감소하였으며 폐조직의 염증성 소견도 뚜렷하게 감소되었다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 myristicin이 천식의 치료에 유용하게 쓰일 수 있음을 시사해준다. Myristicin, l-allyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-5-methoxybenzene, was one of the major essential oils of nutmeg. However, its anti-allergic effect in the Th1/Th2 immune response was poorly understood. Recently, it was shown that T-bet and GATA-3 was master Th1 and Th2 regulatory transcription factors. In this study, we have attempted to determine whether myristicin regulates Th1/Th2 cytokine production, T-bet and GATA-3 gene expression in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model mice. Myristicin reduced levels of IL-4, Th2 cytokine production in OVA-sensitized and challenged mice. In the other side, it increased $IFN-{\gamma}$, Th1 cytokine production in myristicin administrated mice. We also examined to ascertain whether myristicin could influence eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity. After being sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) showed typical asthmatic reactions. These reactions included an increase in the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, an increase in inflammatory cell infiltration into the lung tissue around blood vessels and airways, and the development of airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). The administration of myristicin before the last airway OVA challenge resulted in a significant inhibition of all asthmatic reactions. Accordingly, these findings provide new insight into the immunopharmacological role of myristicin in terms of its effects in a murine model of asthma.

Anti-inflammatory effect of polyphenol-rich extract from the red alga Callophyllis japonica in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages

Ryu, BoMi,Choi, Il-Whan,Qian, Zhong-Ji,Heo, Soo-Jin,Kang, Do-Hyung,Oh, Chulhong,Jeon, You-Jin,Jang, Chul Ho,Park, Won Sun,Kang, Kyong-Hwa,Je, Jae-Young,Kim, Se-Kwon,Kim, Young-Mog,Ko, Seok-Chun,Kim, G The Korean Society of Phycology 2014 ALGAE Vol.29 No.4

Despite the extensive literature on marine algae over the past few decades, a paucity of published research and studies exists on red algae. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential therapeutic properties of the ethanol extract of the red alga Callophyllis japonica against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage inflammation. The C. japonica extract (CJE) significantly inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) production and the induced dose-dependent reduction of the protein and mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Additionally, the CJE reduced the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6. We investigated the mechanism by which the CJE inhibits NO by examining the level of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation, which is an inflammation-induced signaling pathway in macrophages. The CJE significantly suppressed the LPS-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 MAPK. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that the CJE inhibits LPS-induced inflammation by blocking the MAPK pathway in macrophages.

Anti-inflammatory effect of Apo-9′-fucoxanthinone via inhibition of MAPKs and NF-kB signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish model

Kim, Eun-A,Kim, Seo-Young,Ye, Bo-Ram,Kim, Junseong,Ko, Seok-Chun,Lee, Won Woo,Kim, Kil-Nam,Choi, Il-Whan,Jung, Won-Kyo,Heo, Soo-Jin Elsevier 2018 INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY Vol.59 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, we confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect of Apo-9-fucoxanthinone (AF) in <I>in vitro</I> RAW 264.7 cells and <I>in vivo</I> zebrafish model. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated zebrafish, AF significantly decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and cell death. In addition, the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), suppressed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and an inflammatory cytokines; IL-1β, TNF-α were shown reduction. And AF significantly inhibited NO production and expression of iNOS in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Further, AF suppressed COX-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>), and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) at 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. Further mechanistic studies showed that AF suppressed the nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) pathway and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway molecules such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). According to the results, AF can be used and applied as a useful anti-inflammatory agent of nutraceutical or pharmaceutical.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Anti-inflammatory effect of Apo-9-fucoxanthinone in <I>in vitro</I> RAW 264.7 cells and <I>in vivo</I> zebrafish </LI> <LI> Apo-9-fucoxanthinone suppressed NO production through NF-kB and MAPKs pathway. </LI> <LI> In LPS-stimulated zebrafish, Apo-9-fucoxanthinone significantly decreased ROS, NO, cell death and pro-inflammatory cytokines. </LI> <LI> Apo-9-fucoxanthinone can be extremely useful as an effective anti-inflammatory agent. </LI> </UL> </P>

백혈병 마우스 모델의 동종골수이식에서 활성화된 자연살해세포들의 보충이 이식편대백혈병효과와 이식편대숙주반응에 미치는 영향

엄현석,한치화,박수정,김소연,정낙균,정대철,진종률,최일봉,양형모,서영훈,송현근,최인표,민우성,김춘추 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2001 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.6 No.1

배경: 백혈병에서 동종골수이식 (allogeneic bone marrow transplantation)의 성공적 치료 효과를 얻기 위해서는 이식편대숙주반응 (graft-versus-host disease, GVHD) 발생의 극복과 재발의 방지가 중요한 과제이다. 골수를 역류원심성 세포분리 (counterflow centrifugal elutriation, CCE) 방법으로 분리하여 얻은 rotor off (R/O) 세포분획은 T 세포의 수는 적지만 조혈모세포들을 다량 포함하고 있어 동종골수이식에서 주조직적합복합체 (major histocompatibility complex, MHC) 차이를 극복할 수 있고, 이식편의 생착 성공과 GVHD 발생 예방에 효과적이다. 그러나 골수로부터 T 세포를 제거하면 백혈병세포를 공격하는 이식편대백혈병 (graft-versus-leukemia, GVL) 효과가 감소되기 때문에 백혈병 재발의 빈도가 높다. 자연살해세포 (natural killer cell, NK cell)의 보충 첨가는 동종골수이식 후 GVHD 발생을 줄이면서 충분한 GVL 효과를 얻을 수가 있다. 따라서 저자는 분리 후 IL-2로 활성화시킨 NK 세포들을 골수 R/O 세포분획과 함께 백혈병 마우스 모델에 동종이식함으로써 GVHD와 GVL에 미치는 효과를 관찰하였다. 방법: Balb/c (H-2^(d)) 마우스에서 유래된 A20 (murine B-lymphoma/leukemia cell line, H-2^(d)) 백혈병 세포를 이식 2 일 전에 Balb/c 마우스에 주입하고, 치사량의 전신 방사선을 조사한 직후에 Balb/c 또는 C57BL/6 (H-2^(b)) 마우스의 골수 R/O 세포분획을 꼬리정맥을 통하여 주입하였다. 이들은 모두 이식 후 6-8 주 이내에 사망하였다. 동종이식의 대조군 (n=9)에는 1 × 10^(7)의 R/O 세포분획만을 주입하였고, 실험군 (n=9)에는 C57BL/6 마우스의 비장세포들로부터 단클론항체들을 이용한 negative selection방법으로 분리한 후 IL-2로 활성화된 5 × 10^(5)의 NK 세포분획을 1 × 10^(7)의 R/O 세포분획과 함께 주입하였다. GVL 효과의 판정은 이식 후 14 일과 28 일 째 되는 날 마우스에서 골수, 비장, 간 등을 얻어 백혈병 세포들의 침윤을 조직학적으로 관찰하였으며, GVHD의 정도는 육안적 관찰법으로 평가하였다. 결과: R/O 세포분획만을 이식한 대조군의 골수, 비장, 그리고 간 조직에서는 A20 백혈병 세포의 침윤이 각각 89% (8/9), 78% (7/9)와 22% (2/9)에서 관찰되었고, R/O 세포분획과 NK 세포분획을 함께 이식한 실험군에서는 비장과 간을 제외한 골수에서만 89% (8/9)에서 A20 백혈병 세포의 침윤이 관찰되어 두 군 사이에 장기별 분포의 차이를 볼 수 있었다 (P= 0.0001). 한편 GVHD는 두 군 모두에서 경하게 나타나서 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또한 생착 부전으로 사망한 마우스는 없었다. 결론: CCE를 이용하여 T 세포를 제거한 동종골수이식에서 NK 세포의 보충은 GVHD의 악화는 일으키지 않으면서, 백혈병의 진행을 억제하는 GVL 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. Background: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with T cell-depleted marrow accompanies engraftment failure and relapse of leukemia by a loss of the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect frequently, while it can prevent GVHD. Supplement of NK cells could prevent GVHD and enhance GVL effect in several murine allogeneis BMT models Roter off (R/O) cell fraction obtained by counterflow centriation elutriatio (CCO) contains small number of T cells and many hematopoietic stem cells. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of R/O cell fraction supplemented with IL-2 activated NK cells on GVL and GVHD within the leukemic mouse BMT model. Methods: Inoculation of A20 (H-2d, murine B-lymphoma/leukemia, Balb/c origin) cells into Balb/c mice via the tail vein 2 days prior to lethal total body irradiation (TBI) and infusion of the Balb/c BM or C57BL/6 (H-2b) R/O fraction were performed. It resulted in 100% mortality within 6 to 8 weeks. The irradiated mice in the control group were injected with 1 × 107 R/O cell fraction alone (n=9) and in the experimental group mice were injected with 1 × 107 R/O cell fraction plus 5 × 105 negatively selected IL-2 activated NK cell fractions of the spleens via the tail vein (n=9). On day 14 and 28 after BMT, the bone marrows, spleens, and livers of mice were harvested for histopathologic analysis of the infiltrations of leukemic cells. We then evaluated the GVHD within the mice. Results: A histopathologic study of the recipients receiving R/O fraction alone showed infiltration of leukemic cells, 89% (8/9) in bone marrows, 78% (7/8) in spleens, and 22% (2/9) in livers. The experimental group of mice showed only the infiltration of leukemic cells 89% (8/9) in bone marrows, not in spleens and livers. There were the organ differences of the leukemic cells infiltrations between the two groups (P=0.0001). There were no obvious differences in the GVHD scores between these two groups, and severe GVHD was not observed. There was no engraftment failure among groups. Conclusion: Thus, our findings suggest that R/O cell fraction obtained by CCE and supplemented with NK cells can promote GVL effect without mediating clinically overt GVHD in allogeneic BMT of mouse leukemia.

무용수들의 한국형 정서에 관한 탐색적 요인 분석

천영일,김원화 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.6

The propose of the study is for developing the measure that can evaluate the emotions and sentimental conditions of college students in department of dance after dance practicing, regarding linguistic aspect of Korean. According to the result of 23 questions of exploratory factors, four major factors that were higher than eigenvalue 1 were extracted. Variances according to the factor were named achievement, energy, pride, and catharsis. First factor(achievement) was 22. 32%. second one(energy) 17. 45%, third one(pride) 14. 21%, and forth factor(catharsis) 10. 66%. For credibility coefficient of KDES was .85~ .92, Korean style dance - sentiments terms were credible. The questionnaires used in the previous study on Korean style excercise - sentiments were modified and applied into this study in order to fit with sentiments terms of dance. Then how can Korean style sentiments language extracted from the specific dance practice be applied. The problem here is that credible result cannot be easily obtained since the questionnaires used were originally designed for the general college students who exercise sports. As a result, we come to know that sentiments from the exercise and sentiments from the dance are much different and the credibility of sentiments terms was high. This means that people always want to feel something enjoyable with positive feeling while exercising or dancing. More study needs to be focused on the development of hobby - recreational dance sentiments terms and professional dance - sentiments terms. Moreover, the development of dance - sentiments terms not only after dancing but also before and while dancing, and before and after the performance, will be the driving force of the continuous and systematic development of the dance and the whole culture.

兒童 發達特性에 따른 傳承 民俗놀이 考察

천영일,이진희 중앙대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1999 體育硏究 Vol.- No.12

The purpose of this study is to examine folklore play in complianct with characteristics of children's growth. The results are following like this: First infants developed himself from head to toe, and infant's body developed by playing. The examples of folklore playing in this period were 'dori-dori', 'jjag-ja-gung', 'gonji-gonji', 'jam-jam', 'gone-gone', 'bulmu-bulmu', etc. Second young children develope small muscle movement in this period. And folklore play were singing, story-telling, theatrical play, medical preventing play and playing using arm and leg. Third children's characteristics were very active and strong. In this period play were separated by boys' play and girls'. As a play of children there were a puzzle, prophetic songs, a theatrical play and story-telling. Children developed their association of ideas, rhythm, originality and dictionary by playing. Aso there were preventing play which have grown folklore play. Therefore folklore playing have developed ability, emotion, body and sociality of children.

한국 성인의 건강관리에 관한 고찰

천영일,김남진 중앙대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2002 體育硏究 Vol.- No.17

Upon this study, which inquired into the health care for Korean adults based on the living custom of the middle-aged men and women, we confirmed that the results below could provide some basic data which could help people prepared for their healthy middle-aged life and upcoming aged life. First, a strong measure for quitting smoking is needed to individuals and government. Second, we need a sound drinking culture. Third, an overeating must be avoided and an active physical working must be needed not to be fat. Fourth, we must be accustomed ourselves to have regular meals. Fifth, we need to have a right understanding that exercise is not an option but something indispensable. Sixth, we need a rest, when our body is tired out. Seventh, do exercise to get rid of stress.

현대무용에 대한 동서양의 변증에 관한 연구

천영일,김태훈 중앙대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2001 體育硏究 Vol.- No.15

This study attempted to analyse the contents of representative artists's contemporary dance. The the dialectics of the East and the West was obtained as follows: 1. St. Denis showed some obsession that contemporary dance can never survive when the contemporary dancers aligned element in self with the oriental with the dream of more profound oriental dance arts than the awkward imitation a style. 2. St. Denis's research library was expanded to include the dance and other customs of every oriental culture and the Denis Hawn Dance Company was found to develop inspiring Orientalism and the more significant performance contract in Vaudeville. 3. Matha Graham developed the context of the exclusive use of oriental cultures, the perception of the more physically fused oriental culture more than St. Denis seeking for superficial imitation, and the latent oriental tradition from the perspective of aesthetic dance of the organ of the body. 4. The aesthetic dance of the orient exhibited the noticeable oriental meaning in the expressions such as 'The Mirror of Gesture', 'Constant Companion' and Indian philosophy, 'Home to India' and the like. 5. The borrowing of aesthetic dance of the orient placed emphasis on the invention of nature such as the dynamics of organic breath, movement found in the spiral body, fall on the floor movement, gravity and the like as the sources of inspiration becoming the key of the turning range in the bodily shape, and contraction and relaxation in breathing. 6. Erick Hawkins contended that the intellectual expression of nothing through the mental inner imagery rather than physical performance assist dancers in research and that the line provided dancers with the possibility of mastering dance with the body by moving the motion of themselves.