합동범의 공동정범 : 대법원 1998. 5. 21. 선고 98도321 전원합의체 판결에 대한 비판적 검토

한유진 이화여자대학교 법학전문대학원 2011 Ewha Law Review Vol.1 No.1

Criminal Act imposes aggravated penalty on ‘Joint-Principals’: a criminal offence committed by more than two persons, such as Special Escape (§146), Special Larceny(§331(2)), and Special Robbery (§334(2)). The Act also regulates a similar type of crime, ‘Co-Principals (§30)’: when two or more persons have jointly committed a crime, each of them shall be punished as a principal offender for the crime. The difference between the two types is not obvious. The major scholarly opinion and the Supreme Court precedent so far have taken the view that ‘Joint-Principals’ represents narrower connotation than ‘Co-Principals’. Thus, for example, if two or more persons have ‘merely jointly’ committed a theft, they will be punished by Article 329 Larceny and Article 30 Co-Principals; but if two or more persons have committed the same criminal offense ‘jointly in action’, Article 331(2) Special Larceny will be applied. The 1998 Supreme Court decision is meaningful in that it overturned the traditional precedent. According to the ruling, Article 30 ‘Co-Principals’ can be applied to the case of ‘Joint-Principals’. However, the reason why the court opted to extend the connotation of Joint-Principals to that of ‘Co-Principals’ is still unclear. The aim of this study is to make an attempt to specify the nature of ‘Joint-Principals’ based on the opinion of majority, analyzing the 1998 court case. 우리 형법은 2인 이상의 행위자가 ‘합동’하여 -곧 ‘집단적으로’- 범죄를 저지름으로써 성립하는 ‘합동범’에 관하여 규정하고, 이를 각 기본적 구성요건에 비하여 가중처벌하고 있다. 특수도주(제146조 제2항), 특수절도(제331조 제2항), 그리고 특수강도(제341조 제2항)이 그것이다. 이 글에서는 합동범의 본질을 규명하면서, 그에 기초하여 합동범의 공동정범 성립가능성을 검토하고자 한다. 합동범의 공동정범 성립가능성에 관하여 학계의 다수설은 이를 부정하고 있으나, 이와 달리 대법원은 평석대상 판결을 기점으로 종래 입장을 변경하여 합동범의 공동정범 성립을 인정하고 있다. 생각건대, ‘합동’은 ‘공동’에 비해 좁은 의미를 가진다. 곧 ‘합동’은 ‘현장에서’ ‘공동’하다를 의미하는 것으로, 바로 이 점에서 합동범의 불법가중 근거를 찾을 수 있다. 이러한 ‘합동’의 개념상 범행현장에서 직접 범죄를 수행하지 않은 공모자에게는 기능적 행위지배가 있더라도 합동범의 죄책을 추궁할 수 없다. 요컨대 형법총칙 제30조의 공동정범 규정은 합동범에 관하여는 적용될 여지가 없는 것이다. 합동범의 공동정범을 인정한 대법원 판례의 입장은 변경되어야 한다.

법문의 해석방법과 그 한계 : 대법원 2009. 10. 29. 선고 2009도7569 판결에 대한 법학방법론적 검토

한유진 이화여자대학교 법학전문대학원 2011 Ewha Law Review Vol.1 No.2

The two pillars of methodology of law are law-finding and law-making, the theoretical distinction between which is very important because they have different judgments for practical legitimacy. -When a judge engages in law-finding by staying within the frame of the 'possible meanings of the statute' and finding the law concerning the matter, there is no big doubt about its legitimacy. However, when he or she engages in law-making beyond the 'possible meanings of the statute' in order to supplement the 'shortage of law,' which means there is no proper law or regulation for the matter that requires legal judgment, the process is often subject to doubt for its legitimacy from the perspective of division of powers.- The problem with all this is that the scope of so-called 'possible meanings of the statute,' which claim enormous significance as a criterion to tell law-finding from law-making, is not definitive. What is the scope of 'possible meanings'? The object judgment had an issue over whether the vice president and general manager of Korean Broadcasting System would be included in the definition of 'executive' according to the Additional Punishment Law of Specific Crimes and its enforcement ordinances. Overturning the original judgment, the object judgment stated that the vice president and general manager of Korean Broadcasting System should be included in the definition of executive according to the Additional Punishment Law of Specific Crimes. With interest in methodology of law discussed above, this study set out to analyze the attitudes of object judgments and examine the validity of their ways of demonstration. 법학방법론의 두 기둥은 법발견(Rechtsfindung)과 법형성(Rechtsfortbildung)이다. 이러한 이론적 구별은 양자의 실천적 정당성이 달리 판단되기에 더욱 중요하다. 즉, 법관이 ‘법문의 가능한 의미’(möglicher wortsinn) 안에 머물러 있으면서 법률로부터 해당되는 사안에 대한 법을 찾아내는 ‘법발견’ 작업을 하는 경우 그 정당성에 큰 의심이 없는 반면, 해당 사안에 대한 법적 결정이 규율되어야 할 사안에 대해 적합한 법규정이 존재하지 않는 ‘법의 흠결’을 보충하기 위하여 ‘법문의 가능한 의미’를 넘어 ‘법형성’ 작업을 하는 경우 권력분립적 관점에서 빈번히 정당성을 의심받게 된다. 문제는 법발견과 법형성을 구별하는 기준으로서 이토록 막중한 의미를 가지는 소위 ‘법문의 가능한 의미’의 범위는 확정적이지 않다는 것이다. 과연 어느 범위까지가 ‘가능한 의미’의 폭인가? ‘객관적 해석론’과 ‘주관적 해석론’의 지난한 논쟁의 핵심이 여기에 존재하며 한편 그 근저에는 서로 다른 이념과 가치지향이 숨어있다. 대상판결은 「특정범죄가중처벌등에관한법률 및 그 시행령」상 ‘임원’개념에 한국방송공사의 부사장 및 본부장이 포함되는지 문제되었던 사안이다. 원심의 결정을 뒤집고 대상판결은 한국방송공사의 부사장 내지 본부장은 위 법상 임원의 개념에 포섭된다고 하였다. 이 글에서는 전술한 법학방법론적 흥미를 기본으로 대상판결의 태도를 분석하는 한편 그 논증방식의 타당성을 검토하도록 한다.

Research Trends in Young Children’s Theory of Mind using Keyword Network Analysis

Han,Yoo-Jin(Yoo-Jin Han),Kim,Ho(Ho Kim) 경인교육대학교 교육연구원 2022 교육논총 Vol.42 No.-

This study aims to investigate the trends in research and find implications for future research to understand the characteristics of young children’s theory of mind from 1997 to 2021. Out of the research papers published in journals in the field of early childhood education, 175 articles that fit the purpose of this study were analyzed using network analysis methods. The summary of the analysis results was as follows: First, in the study of young children’s theory of mind, “theory of mind”, “false belief”, “pretend play”, “emotion”, “executive function”, “social ability”, “story”, “young children”, “peer competence”, and “picturebook” showed high frequency. Second, it can be seen that the network structure for each period gradually changes from the first to the third periods. This demonstrated that while the research of theory of mind was somewhat slow but steadily active, the keywords identified in the early childhood theory of mind study evolved into a broad and rich array. Based on the results of this study, this study suggests diversification of the theory of mind research to perspectives of social cognition development of young children.

대량의 각혈로 사망한 장티푸스 1예

한상우,유진홍,권순석,김성훈,박지찬,홍은정,최경성,박용완,장준희,안지원,박유경,강지영,박상미,신완식 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.5

We experienced a 25 year-old male patient with typhoid fever complicated with massive hemoptysis. Pulmonary complication in typhoid fever is very rare and to our knowledge, there has been no report of hemoptysis as a main cause of death with this disease. We herein report a rare case of typhoid fever.

토양 미생물인 Streptomyces tubercidicus에서 분리한 GTPcyclohydrolase Ⅰ 저해제

한지만,김시욱,이인화,박열,정혜광,윤성명,유진철 조선대학교 약학연구소 1998 藥學硏究誌 Vol.19 No.1

GTP cyclohydrolase I (EC 3.5.4.16) catalyzes the conversion of GTP to D-erythro-7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphates and formic acid. and thus performs the first committing step in the biosynthesis of the pteridine moiety of folk acid in microorganisms and of tetrahydrobiopterin in higher animals. GTP cyclohydrolase I isolated from Streptomyces tubercidicus was inhibited by DL-6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin and xanthopterin, and was not inhibited by tetrahydrofolic acid, pterin, pterin-6-carboxylic acid, biopterin, neopterin, ribofravin. These results suggest that bacterial GTP cyclohydrolase I may be regulated by its metaboilic end product.

유통업의 지식경영 도입 방안에 관한 연구

Yoo,Sang-jin,Cha,Young-han 한국산업경영학회 2002 한국산업경영학회 발표논문집 Vol.2002 No.2

In this study, an effective methodology to introduce knowledge management system into the retail business is suggested by overall analysis of examples those were carried out in business area. Different from existing studies, which focus on theoretical aspect only, this study focuses its attention on theoretical & practical aspect simultaneously and tries to find a long-term & integrated knowledge management strategy. With examining the examples of knowledge management, this study deals with the fundamental conception, the procedure and the organization of knowledge management. Moreover, this study practically analyzes the knowledge management system of the company named "H", one of the retail business companies. By clarifying the problems, which is involved in the knowledge management process of the above company, this study suggests an improvement methodology to introduce and settle down knowledge management system into retail business company for the future. This study has good results in the viewpoint that it gives a definite direction of knowledge management introduction. However, there is some limitation such as the insufficiency of examples and the omission of documented analysis. Therefore, this study leaves some task to be achieved in the future.

IMF에 관련된 경제적 스트레스가 정신 건강에 미치는 영향

유희정,황성훈,홍진표,김헌수,이철,한오수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.1

본 연구는 IMF에 관련된 경제적 스트레스가 정신 건강에 미치는 영향과 그 과정을 밝히기 위해 설계되었다. 스트레스 과정에 관여하는 요인으로 사회적 지지와 문제 해결 양식, 그리고 무망감을 도입했으며, 이들에 의해 스트레스의 영향이 매개되는지를 검증하였다. 경제적 스트레스의 수준에 따라 표집된 221명의 일반인들을 대상으로 우울, 불안, 신체화, 적대감, 사회적 지지, 그리고 문제 해결 양식 등을 측정하였다. 가정한 대로 실직으로 대표되는 경제적 스트레스는 정신 건강에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그 구체적인 양상을 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 먼저, 사회적 지지는, 높은 스트레스 조건에서 증상의 발현을 억제하는 완충 효과가 있음이 입증되었다. 두번째로, 남성이 여성에 비해 경제적 스트레스의 부정적 영향에 더 취약한 것으로 나타났다. 세번째, 경제적 스트레스는 문제 해결 양식의 다양한 구성요소중 문제 해결에 대한 무기력감에만 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 네번째, 무망감은 경제적 스트레스와 정신 건강간의 관계를 매개하는 변인임이 인과모형 검증을 통해 확인되었다. 끝으로, 이러한 결과가 스트레스 개입 프로그램 개발을 위한 이론적 기초를 제공한다는 의의가 있음을 논의 했고, 본 연구의 몇 가지 한계점을 지적하였다. This study was designed to investigate the influence of the so-called IMF-related economic stress upon the mental health and to analyze the process of the influence. As the possible variables moderating the stress process, social resource, problem solving style, and hopelessness were included. 221 male and female subjects were recruited according to the intensity of economic stress and classified into four groups(employees of solid companies, employees of the companies at risk, short-term unemployed and long-term unemployed). Relevant measures including economic stress scale, selected SCL-90R subscales(somatization, depression, hostility, anxiety), social support scale, problem-solving scale, and job hopelessness scale were administered. As assumed, it was proved that economic stress had adverse effects on the mental health. In addition to this basic causal relationship, moderating effects of several variables were found as follows: First, social support had the buffering effect upon the economic stress. That is, strong social support played the role suppressing the development of psychiatric symptoms under high stress. Second, men were more vulnerable to the adverse effects of economic stresses than women. Third, economic stresses had influence on the helplessness concerning the problem solving. However other problem solving strategies such as creative style, approach style, avoidance style, etc were proven to have no relationship with the economic stress. Fourth, in the analysis of unemployed group, it was found that hopelessness mediates the relationship between economic stress and mental health. In conclusion, the clinical implications of such findings in economic stress process were discussed and several limitations and the suggestions for future researches were also addressed.

LES를 이용한 비정상 난류유동장 연구

유근종,한진우,김수태 창원대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 産技硏論文集 Vol.15 No.-

LES is applied to analyze transient turbulent flows which may cause thermal stripping. The LES is formulated based on Sub-Grid k model. For evaluating performance of the LES, two test cases of vertical water jet flow and parallel sodium jet flow are selected. Through the analysis, the LES confirms that it has proper ability to predict time dependent flow variables such as magnitude of temperature fluctuation and its frequency. For the better prediction, however, the LES is required to be improved through further evaluation of various SGS models and implementation of temperature SGS model into its energy equation.

모발의 부위별 분석을 통한 Methamphetamine 남용자의 복용시기 추정에 관하여

유영찬,정희선,최화경,진원택,이한선 內務部 國立科學搜査硏究所 1996 國立 科學 搜査 硏究所 年報 Vol.28 No.-

당의 종류 및 첨가량을 달리한 깨다식의 품질특성

김진숙,한영실,유선미,김행란,전혜경 한국조리과학회 2003 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.19 No.3

깨다식의 감미 및 물성 등의 개선을 위해 꿀보다 높은 점도와 hardness를 가지는 쌀엿과 조청 등을 첨가 혼합하여 품질을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 깨다식의 적정 재료 배합비는 깨가루 100 기준시, 꿀과 쌀엿의 동량 혼합액 50%(w/w)였으며, 이를 기준으로 제조한 깨다식의 이화학적 특성은 당도 17.44 brix˚, tnqns 12.16, 환원당 15.44, 단백질 12.88, 지방 32.02, 조회분 2.82 %이었고, 기계적 특성 중 TPA의 chewiness는 0.28~0.30, hardness는 27.22~27.44 g/㎠이고, 색도의 L값은 41.67, a값 4.58, 그리고 b값은 16.99였다. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the addition of sweeteners to Sesame Dasiks. Sesame Dasiks were prepared by adding various sweeteners to sesame seeds powder, at 40, 50, 60 and 70%, and their quality characteristics were measured. In the chewiness and hardness analyses of Sesame Dasiks, the 50% group (the same ratio and mixture of honey and lire jelIy) gave the highest results. For the sweetness, taste and overall acceptability of the Sesame Dasiks, the 50% group was also the better The texture profile analyses found the optimal chewiness and hardness of the Sesame Dasik to be 0.28 ~ 0.30 and 27.22 ~ 27.44, respectively.