Choline dehydrogenase interacts with SQSTM1/p62 to recruit LC3 and stimulate mitophagy.

Park, Sungwoo,Choi, Seon-Guk,Yoo, Seung-Min,Son, Jin H,Jung, Yong-Keun Landes Bioscience 2014 AUTOPHAGY Vol.10 No.11

<P>CHDH (choline dehydrogenase) is an enzyme catalyzing the dehydrogenation of choline to betaine aldehyde in mitochondria. Apart from this well-known activity, we report here a pivotal role of CHDH in mitophagy. Knockdown of CHDH expression impairs CCCP-induced mitophagy and PARK2/parkin-mediated clearance of mitochondria in mammalian cells, including HeLa cells and SN4741 dopaminergic neuronal cells. Conversely, overexpression of CHDH accelerates PARK2-mediated mitophagy. CHDH is found on both the outer and inner membranes of mitochondria in resting cells. Interestingly, upon induction of mitophagy, CHDH accumulates on the outer membrane in a mitochondrial potential-dependent manner. We found that CHDH is not a substrate of PARK2 but interacts with SQSTM1 independently of PARK2 to recruit SQSTM1 into depolarized mitochondria. The FB1 domain of CHDH is exposed to the cytosol and is required for the interaction with SQSTM1, and overexpression of the FB1 domain only in cytosol reduces CCCP-induced mitochondrial degradation via competitive interaction with SQSTM1. In addition, CHDH, but not the CHDH FB1 deletion mutant, forms a ternary protein complex with SQSTM1 and MAP1LC3 (LC3), leading to loading of LC3 onto the damaged mitochondria via SQSTM1. Further, CHDH is crucial to the mitophagy induced by MPP+ in SN4741 cells. Overall, our results suggest that CHDH is required for PARK2-mediated mitophagy for the recruitment of SQSTM1 and LC3 onto the mitochondria for cargo recognition.</P>

확장된 계획행동이론을 통한 무주 태권도공원 방문객의 방문의도 분석

박용수(Yong Soo Park),한진욱(Jin Wook Han),김민수(Min Soo Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2012 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.48

The purpose of this study was to predict travelers` behavioral intention to visit the Muju Taekwondo Park, based on extended Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB). Tourists` motivation was newly included in determining their behavioral intention to visit the park along with existing three components of traditional Theory of Planned Behavior(attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control). To this end, a total of 241 Taekwondo masters was selected using a conveniently sampling method and responded to a survey questionnaire. The 206 usable questionnaires were utilized to the final data analyses. Statistical Package of PASW 15.0 was used for data analyses including descriptive analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows. Firstly, attitudes toward visiting the park had a significant impact on visiting the park Secondly, subjective norms had a significant influence on visiting the park. Thirdly, perceived behavioral control significantly affected behavioral intention to visit the park. Lastly, motivation was a significant predictor of subjects` visiting the park. Additionally, practical implications of the findings and suggestions were discussed.

청송 사과체험테마파크 기본계획

권진욱 ( Jin Wook Kwon ),박찬용 ( Chan Yong Park ) 한국농촌계획학회 2013 농촌계획 Vol.19 No.3

This study aimed to plan a distinctive apple theme park, thereby specializing the nationwide brand of Cheongsong apple. Detailed objectives included: to establish the best possible environments in Korea to taste and appreciate apple and enjoy the Cheongsong Apple Festival; to identify and foster natural, cultural and social resources in the clean environment of Cheongsong; to clusterize research and production infrastructures for strengthening local competitiveness; and to develop a hub for the vitalization of the region where visitors and locals can mutually prosper. The study was multi-phased. The first stage included basic surveys such as local status and environment analysis and similar case studies, and the second stage was to review the appropriateness of theme selection, develop basic principles and strategies for development goals and review and incorporate project details. And the third stage aimed to develop a comprehensive plan from spatial plans and program plans and suggest plans to vitalize the operation of the park. The dimension of the subject site was 180,150㎡, which was divided into four areas, in consideration of the land use and the environmental characteristics of the resources, for developing a land use scheme. The four areas were named: the apple-theme cultual area; the agricultural culture experience area; the plaza for exchange and harmony; and the plaza for natural observation. This study has significance in that it can serve as a case to develop farm theme parks, and as a case of appropriate development of programs to identify amenity resources with a focus on the existing resources and in consideration of local characteristics.

청도새마을운동 기념공원 기본계획

권진욱 ( Jin Wook Kwon ),박찬용 ( Chan Yong Park ) 한국농촌계획학회 2014 농촌계획 Vol.20 No.3

The Saemaeul Movement, which is the representative national campaign of Korea aimed at the development of local communities, has drawn a great deal of attention from home and abroad and formed an element of Korea``s national brand since 2000. Accordingly, this research was conducted for the purpose of constructing a memorial park in Shindo Village, Cheongdo County, North Kyoungsang Province, which is a home to the Saemaeul Movement. As the Saemaeul Movement is benchmarked by many countries around the world today, this research aims to communicate the spirit and social value of the movement and disseminate its effects of local community development in rural areas through the construction of a memorial park. In this study, the design motive of the memorial park was conceived through the historical review and case studies of the Saemaeul Movement. In parallel, theoretical study was also conducted on design techniques as the basis of this research. In consideration of the characteristics of a technical article, this research was conducted in several phases. In the first phase, the conditions of the site where the park construction was planned were analyzed and the direction of its development was set. In the second phase, the main theme and the basic principles of planning were established, and the contents of the park construction project were devised in detail. In the last phase, a comprehensive plan was established, including a space layout to accommodate activities, facilities and programs to be introduced to the park. The park construction site (106,000㎡) was divided into four zones (memorial zone, historical theme park, education zone and experience zone) based on circulation planning aimed at creating memorial space, and was linked to eco-friendly ecological space in consideration of environmental features. At a time when the Saemaeul Movement is being propagated across the world, the result of this study will help create a place for its memorial and play a pivotal role to boost international movements aimed at promoting co-prosperity across the global village. It will also bear significance as an example of theme-based park construction in a rural area and the invigoration of a local community.

월악산국립공원의 곤충다양성에 관한 연구 : 노린재목, 딱정벌레목, 나비목

박성준(Seong-Joon Park),전용락(Yong-Lak Jeon),홍의정(Eui-Jung Hong),윤주창(Ju-Chang Yun),박서경(Seo-Kyoung Park),김병진(Byung-Jin Kim) 국립공원연구원 2010 국립공원연구지 Vol.1 No.3

본 연구는 2007년부터 2009년까지 3년 동안 월악산 모니터링 조사 지점과 동일지구에 대해 정기적인 주간조사를 통해 주간곤충류(노린재목, 딱정벌레목, 나비목)의 종목록을 확보 하여, 월악산국립공원의 생태계에 자연적 혹은 인위적으로 변화된 내용을 측정하여 곤충자원의 체계적인 관리를 위한 자료를 제공하고자 실시되었다. 본 조사기간 동안 채집 확인된 주간곤충류는 65과 404종(노린재목 21과 86종, 딱정벌레목 38과 244종, 나비목 6과 74종)이 조사되었다. 따라서 문헌조사를 포함한 결과 월악산국립공원에 서식하는 것으로 확인된 주간곤충류는 멸종위기야생동물 2종, 고유종 6종, 국외반출승인대상종 10종과 특정종 50종을 포함하여 총 72과 609종(딱정벌레목 44과 368종, 노린재목 22과 126종, 나비목 6과 115종)으로 나타났다. 아울러 조사지점별 분석결과 S3에서 종다양성이 가장 높게 나타났으며, S10은 다른 조사지점과 다르게 종다양성이 현저하게 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 각 조사기간별우점종으로는 2007년과 2009년도에 넉점박이송장벌레, 2008년도에는 더듬이긴노린재로 나타났다. This study were conducted for three years from 2007 to 2009 and at the same points as monitoring surveys, through regular surveys insects (Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera) to obtain the list, to measure and assess Woraksan National Park ecosystem’s natural or artificial change, to provide data for systematic management of the contents of insects. As a result of all the collections were examined, 404 species of 65 family under 3 order were identified. Therefore, the species composition of insect over each result from Woraksan National Park’s was a total of 3 orders, 72 families, 609 species including 2 Endangered species, 6 Endermic species, 10 Management of exotic species and 50 Designated species; 368 species of family Coleoptera which is the highest, 126 species of family Hemiptera and 115 species of family Lepidoptera. Site 3 had the highest indices diversity. In contrast, Site 10 indices diversity, different from the other survey points, were significantly low. In each survey period, dominant species included Nicrophorus quadripunctatus in 2007 and 2009. In 2008, dominant species was Pachygrontha antennata.

도시공원 이용자들의 형태 분석 및 이용 만족도에 관한 연구

박장근(Jang Geun Park),임란희(Ran Hee Lim),지용범(Yong Beom Ji),신희진(Hee Jin Shin) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2001 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate of form analysis and extent of Satisfaction of people using park. For this study, the population was the user Mansuck Park in Suwon City from 06.06.2001 to 06.07.2001. Sampling was made according to the self-administration method The participants in the questionnaire were 224. From the analysis of data, this study reached the following coclusions. 1. An analysis of form ; 1) A walking was 53.1 percent according to the analysis of using form in traffic means. There were some differences by age, job, education level, income. 2) The evening was 41.5 percent , and the afternoon was 28.6 percent according to the time period of using. There were some differences in all items as gender, age, job, education level, income. 3) The family or relative was 48.2 percent, and the friends (lover) was 32.6 percent according to the companion. There were some differences in all items as gender, age, job, education level, income. 4) The rest and walk 50.0 percent , and meeting, talk was 17.4 percent according to the using park. There were some differences by gender, age, job, income. 5) The shade of a tree, bench, grass was 55.4 percent, and the promenade was 23.7 percent according to the place and facilities for using. There were some differences by age. 2 And extent of satisfaction for using park ; The satisfaction in the location of facilities, the management and scene of the park was in high content degree. But, the satisfaction in the number of facilities and the staff was in low content degree.

그림그리기 학습 방법이 중학생의 과학 관련 태도에 미치는 영향

박민호,김용진,오경환 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2012 교사교육연구 Vol.51 No.3

The effects of the active learning method on the middle school students’ science-related attitudes were examined by using the diagram-drawing learning method such as explanatory diagrams, cartoons, and advertisement posters. The science-related attitudes of the experimental group and the control group were measured before and after the treatment, and the test results were processed for the statistical analysis sing SPSS 15.0. The experimental group were improved more than the control group in the aspect of science-related attitudes. The science-related attitudes of the tudents were changed positively through the diagram-drawing learning method. However, there were no interactive effects between the genders and the treatments on the science-related attitudes. Students recognized the diagram-drawing learning method was very interesting and helpful to summarize the subjects of science, but showed a negative response to its use as the evaluation tool. Most students preferred cartoons and explanatory diagrams among three diagram-drawing learning methods, and the preference ratios for cartoons, explanatory diagrams and advertisement posters were 51%, 42% and 7%, respectively. 학생들이 과학 학습에 있어서 학습자 스스로 학습 내용을 구성ㆍ정리하는 능동적인 수단으로서의 설명적 그림, 만화, 광고포스터 등의 그림그리기 활동이 학생들의 과학에 관련된 태도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험집단과 통제집단의 실험 처치 전ㆍ후 과학 관련 태도를 측정하고 검사결과는 SPSS 15.0 프로그램을 이용하여 통계처리 하였다. 연구 결과 학습 내용을 그림그리기 방법으로 정리하는 실험집단이 글로 정리하는 통제집단의 학생보다 과학에 관련된 태도가 더 향상되었다. 따라서 그림그리기 학습 방법을 통해 학생들의 과학 관련 태도가 긍정적 방향으로 향상될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 그림그리기 학습 방법으로 인해 남ㆍ여 성별 차에 의한 과학 관련 태도의 변화는 유의미한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그리고 그림그리기 활동을 통해 학습 내용을 정리하는 것에 대해 전반적으로 흥미롭고 유용하게 인식하였으나 평가도구로서 사용하는 것에 대해서는 부정적이었다. 세 가지 그림그리기 학습 방법 중 선호도는 만화가 51%로 가장 높고, 설명적 그림 42% 및 광고포스터 7%로서 대부분의 학생들이 만화와 설명적 그림을 선호하였다.

회화에 나타난 조선시대 미(美)의 조형성 고찰

박미경,이진용 김천과학대학 2002 김천과학대학 논문집 Vol.28 No.-

Today, we need a modernized paradigm due to the changes in our economic, social, and cultural environment, causing the birth of an information society. There is no exception with the standard of the beauty. The former standard of beauty has ran after westernization and has been getting more and more westernized. But everyone knows there are some obvious differences comparing Chosun dynasty's beauty standards. This study examined how beauty standard has changed, while today's beauty standard is changing constantly. This study refers to the beauty in Chosun dynasty and how it has shaped beauty, presenting paintings rather than other materials. There are few materials about the Chosun dynasty's beauty standard. Even though we can find reference to beauty it is not easy to know about the beauty standard because it is poor in contents. As the saying goes, "Seeing is believing" this study presents Chosun dynasty's portraits of beauty. This study will set the Chosun dynasty's beauty standard on the basis of `Haewon' Sin-Yoonbock's art work. This study examines how the Chosun dynasty has shaped beauty as the basis of it and points out the difference between the Chosun dynasty and today's standards. We will also examine how this standard influences us today.

Alprazolam과 Fluoxetine이 기억력과 인지 기능에 미치는 영향

박용진,강병조 대한생물치료정신의학회 1996 생물치료정신의학 Vol.2 No.2

Alprazolam이 기억력과 인지기능에 장애를 초래한다는 많은 보고들이 있고, fluoxetine이 기억력 장애를 초래한다는 일부 보고가 있다. 그래서 저자는 정신과 외래에서 가장 널리 사용되는 약 중 하나인 alprazolam과 fluoxetine이 환자의 기억력과 인지기능에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 최근 2개월 이상 정신과 약을 비롯한 어떠한 약도 복용한 적이 없는 환자 9명을 대상으로 약을 투여 하기 전에 기억력 검사와 인지기능 검사를 수행하였고, alprazolam과 fluoxetine을 각각을 8주 동안 치료 용량으로 투여후, 기억력 검사와 인지기능 검사를 다시 시행하였다. 그리고 대조군을 두어 동일 검사를 두 번 시행함에 있어서 발생할 수 있는 학습 효과를 평가하였다. 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1) Alprazolam을 투여 한 군에서 투약전 투약후 검사간의 0.05 수준에서 유의한 차이는 없었다. 2) Fluoxetine을 투여한 군에서도 투약전 투약후 검사간에 0.05 수준에서 유의한 차이는 없었다. 3) 대조군에서 8주간격으로 실시한 두 검사간에 0.05 수준에서 유의한 차이는 없었다. 4) Alprazolam을 투여 한 군, fluoxetine을 투여 한 군, 그리고 대조군 사이에서 투약전 및 투약후 검사간에 0.05 수준에서 유의한 차이는 없었다. The benzodiazepines have been reported to cause anterograde amnestic effects. There are also some report that the fluoxetine may be the cause of amnestic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alprazolam and fluoxetine on memory and cognitive function. Alprazolam is popular intermediate-acting benzodiazepines and fluoxetine is one of SSRI which is being used most frequently. The subjects were 9 outpatients who visited to Psychiatry Department of Kyungpook National University Hospital. Some patients were under alprazolam medication(N=5, dosage:0.75-1.5㎎) and the others were under fluoxetine medication(N=4,dosage:20㎎-40㎎). The control group(N=6) was formed by normal volunteers, To measure the subjects' memory and cognitive functions, the Wechsler Memory Scale(WMS) and the Computerized Neuropsychological Test(STIM system, neuroscan Inc, 1990) were used. The groups were examed by the WMS and the STIM before medication and after 8 weeks of taking medication. The data were analysed by Wilcoxon Matched-pairs Signed-ranks Test and Kolmogrov-Smirnov 2-Sample Test. The result of this study were as follows: 1) There was no significant difference between pretreatment and posttreatment in alprazolam medication group. 2) There was no significant difference between pretreatment and posttreatment in fluoxetine medication group. 3) There was no significantdifference between pretest and posttest in control group. 4) There was no significant difference between pretreatment and posttreatment among above three groups. In Summary, the effect of alprazolam and fluoxetine on memory and cognitive function has no statistical significance after 8 weeks treatment by therapeutic dosage.

방사선사진의 인덱스-순서 분석을 통한 치아경조직의 탈염화 검출

박동현,박영호,김경숙,박정훈,이기자,최삼진,최용석,황의환,박헌국 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2009 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.39 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to develop the radiographic technique for detecting the demineralization which is known as indication of dental caries. Materials and Methods : This technique was based on the comparing of multiple radiographs which was irradiated by multiple X-ray spectra. For the meaningful comparing, the multiple radiographs were reconstructed to the dosimetrically consistent images using a standard material. The difference of resulting images of same target with multiple spectra represents the difference of response of material as regards the spectra. Results : We have found about 10% of demineralization of dental hard tissues particularly in the proximal region through the analyzing of differences. Conclusion : Most intriguing thing in this investigation was that the method to analyze difference shows us to an anatomic structure of dental hard tissues even if absolute values of optical density were excluded during the procedures.