A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea

Yong Sung Choi,정성훈,김은선,Eun Sun Kim,Eunhee Lee,Euiseok Jung,So-Yeon Lee,이우령,Hye Sun Yoon,Yong Joo Kim,Ji Kyoung Park,Son Moon Shin,Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim 대한신생아학회 2022 Neonatal medicine Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Pediatricians have a significant responsibility to educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. However, there have been minimal efforts in the courses of resident training in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in knowledge and attitude before and after a 4-week breastfeeding educational intervention among multicenter residents. Methods: Prospective interventional educational research was designed for residents at eight training hospitals in Korea. Institutional reviews were obtained in each hospital. The education curriculum consisted of 14 courses regarding breastfeeding theory and practice. These materials were used to teach pediatric residents for 4 weeks. Knowledge-based tests were administered before the course, and re-tests were administered after the course using different test items of similar levels. Test scores and survey responses were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 73 residents (1st year 20, 2nd year 23, 3rd year 16, and 4th year residents 14) from eight training hospitals completed the intervention. Their average age was 30.3±2.9 years, 17 (23.3%) were male, 22 (30.1%) were married, and eight had more than one child of their own. The mean pre-test score was 61.8±13.4 and the mean post-test score was 78.3±7.5 (P<0.001). The inter-grade difference in the score was significant in the pre-test (P=0.005), but not significant in the post-test (P=0.155). There were more responses of obtaining confidence after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, pediatric residents showed improvement in their knowledge and confidence level after 4 weeks of the breastfeeding curriculum. This will provide a basis for future policymaking in the training of pediatric residents regarding breastfeedReceived: 6 January 2022 Revised: 15 February 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Correspondence to: Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 Fax: +82-2-3010-6978 E-mail: arkim@amc.seoul.kr A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea Yong-Sung Choi, MD,PhD1, Sung-Hoon Chung, MD, PhD2, Eun Sun Kim, MD, PhD3, Eun Hee Lee, MD4, Euiseok Jung, MD5, So Yeon Lee, MD, PhD5, Wooryoung Lee, MD6, Hye Sun Yoon, MD, PhD7, Yong Joo Kim, MD, PhD8, Ji Kyoung Park, MD, PhD9, Son Moon Shin, MD, PhD9, and Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD, PhD5 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 4Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 7Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea 8Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 9Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 pISSN 2287-9412 . eISSN 2287-9803 Copyright(c) 2022 By Korean Society of Neonatology This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article 29 Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 ing in Korea.

Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Al–25Cr–5Si (at%) Alloy Powder Using Gas-Atomization and SPS Process

Yong‑Ho Kim,Hyo‑Sang Yoo,Jeong‑Han Lee,Ik‑Hyun Oh,Hyun‑Kuk Park,Hyeon‑Taek Son 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

In order to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties on Al–25Cr–5Si (at%) alloy, a mixed powder with pureelements and an alloy powder using a gas atomization process were used. Fine and high purity Al–25Cr–5Si (at%) alloypowder was successfully prepared by gas atomization and densified using a spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The overallpowder size distribution of the mixed Al, Cr, and Si elemental powders was in the range of 10–15 μm. The atomized Al–Cr–Sialloy powder was fine and spherical in morphology and difficult to be formed by intermetallic formation. Densification wasclearly confirmed at 1000 °C, with almost isolated pores formed, by clear removal of pores between particles, deformationof particles, an increase in the number of contacts, and a change in size between particles. As a result of XRD analysis ofthe sintered compacts, single phase was observed using the mixed powder, but the compact using gas atomization remainedthe alloy phase even at the process temperature. The Vickers hardness of the compacts by mixed powder was observed at59.70 Hv and the compact using gas atomized powders on the temperature 1000 °C of the Vickers hardness increased to702.6 Hv. The compressive yield strength of the compact with mixed powder was 195.24 MPa and the compressive strengthof the compact with gas atomized powder increased to 802.07 MPa. It is considered not to be decomposed by the AlCrSi,Al13Cr4Si4and Al8Cr5phases sintering process, resulting from the improvement of mechanical properties.

Genome-wide investigation of a Korean synthetic breed, Woori-Heukdon using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K BeadChip

Yong‑Min Kim,Ha‑Seung Seong,Jung‑Jae Lee,Da‑Hye Son,Jin‑Su Kim,Soo‑Jin Sa,Young‑Sin Kim,Tae‑Jeong Choi,Kyu‑Ho Cho,Joon‑Ki Hong,Jung‑Woo Choi,Eun‑Seok Cho 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.12

Background: Woori-Heukdon (KWH) is a Korean synthetic pig breed generated using Chookjin-Duroc (KCD), Chookjin-Chamdon (KCC), and their crossbreds. Currently, there is a severe lack of studies investigating the Korean breed populations including wild boars (KWB) throughout the genome. Objective: This study was performed to investigate the genetic characteristics of Korean pig populations at the genome-wide level. Methods: Using the SNP dataset derived from genotyped and downloaded datasets using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K BeadChip, we compared the genomes of 532 individuals derived from 23 pig breeds to assess the genetic diversity, inbreeding coefficient, genetic differentiation, and population structure. Results: KWB showed the lowest average expected heterozygosity (HE = 0.1904), while KWH showed the highest genetic diversity (HE = 0.02859) among Korean populations. We verified that the genetic composition of KWH, showing USD of 74.8% and KCC of 25.2% in ADMIXTURE analysis. In population structure analyses, KCC was consistently shown to be separated from other pig populations. In addition, we observed gene flow from Western pigs to a part of Chinese populations. Conclusion: This study showed that Korean native pigs, KCC have genetic differences in comparison with Chinese and Western pigs; despite some historical records and recent genetic studies, we could not find any clear evidence that KCC was significantly influenced by Chinese or Western breeds in this study. We also verified the theoretical genomic composition of KWH at the molecular level in structure analyses. To our knowledge, this is the first genomic study to investigate the genomic characteristics of KWH and KCC.

Whole-genome resequencing analysis of 20 Micro-pigs

Da‑Hye Son,Nam‑Hyun Hwang,Won‑Hyong Chung,Ha‑Seung Seong,Hyungbum Lim,Eun‑Seok Cho,Jung‑Woo Choi,Kyung‑Soo Kang,Yong‑Min Kim 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.3

Background Miniature pigs have been increasingly used as mammalian model animals for biomedical research because of their similarity to human beings in terms of their metabolic features and proportional organ sizes. However, despite their importance, there is a severe lack of genome-wide studies on miniature pigs. Objective In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing analysis of 20 Micro-pigs obtained from Medi Kinetics to elucidate their genomic characteristics. Results Approximately 595 gigabase pairs (Gb) of sequence reads were generated to be mapped to the swine reference genome assembly (Sus scrofa 10.2); on average, the sequence reads covered 99.15% of the reference genome at an average of 9.6-fold coverage. We detected a total of 19,518,548 SNPs, of which 8.7% were found to be novel. With further annotation of all of the SNPs, we retrieved 144,507 nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNPs); of these, 5968 were found in all 20 individuals used in this study. SIFT prediction for these SNPs identified that 812 nsSNPs in 402 genes were deleterious. Among these 402 genes, we identified some genes that could potentially affect traits of interest in Micro-pigs, such as RHEB and FRAS1. Furthermore, we performed runs of homozygosity analysis to locate potential selection signatures in the genome, detecting several loci that might be involved in phenotypic characteristics in Micro-pigs, such as MSTN, GDF5, and GDF11. Conclusion In this study, we identified numerous nsSNPs that could be used as candidate genetic markers with involvement in traits of interest. Furthermore, we detected putative selection footprints that might be associated with recent selection applied to miniature pigs.

의과대학과 한의과 대학의 통합교육과정 개발 가능성에 관한 연구

Ohrr, Hee-Choul,Son, Tae-Yong 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Hee Choul Ohrr¹,Tae-Yong Son²¹Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul and ²Department of Medical Administration, Yuhan College, Buchun,Korea potential for integrated Medical School and Orental Medical School Currculum. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 82-89,1999.-This study was carried out to compare the educational contents between the western medical shcools and the oriental medical schools in Korea. The numbers of lectures, their credits, lecturing hours per week and the numbers of specific objectives were analyzed between the western and oriental medical schools. Formally published books from both western and oriental medical association, that is, the books of Specific Behavioral Objectives (SBOs)of both the western medical and the oriental medical parts are major source of data.Form numbers of lectures and their contents, we used the brochures on the lectures guidebooks. Three major western medical schools and the three major oriental medical schools, six schools in total were selected for comparison of education contents. The results are as Follows; 1 The oriental medical schools teach most lectures of western medical schools though the contents are a little different. 2.The western medical schools teach nothing about oriental medicine except only one school that teaches a smiple introductory course 3. The oriental medical schools teach as much as 43.4% of the SBOs of western Os of westrn medical school in number.Whereas the westerm medical schools theach 32.6% of the SBOs of oriental medical schools in number. 4.It is estimated that oriental medical schools can cover all the SBOs of western medical schools if they give lectures for one and a half year more. It is also estimated that western medical schools can cover all the SBOs of oriental medical school if they give lectures for two years more. It is highly recommendable that both western and oriental medical schools share lectures and give opportunity to take the both medical license examination if medical school students complete the requirement of the other medical part lectures. This could be a fundamental step to incorporate both the western and the oriental medicine in the future in Korea.

관절염을 가진 대상자의 가족지지, 자가 간호 및 삶의 질과의 관계

선은경,박소연,박일지,서가은,손용숙,손인옥,용진선 가톨릭대학교 간호대학 호스피스 교육연구소 2006 호스피스논집 Vol.10 No.-

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships among family support, self-care, and quality of life of patients with arthritis through a survey. That will be basic data to plan nursing intervention for promoting quality of life for patients with arthritis. Method : The convenient sample of this study consisted of 120 patients with arthritis and data were collected using questionnaires during August 2006 from two OPDs of rheumatoid centers in C University hospitals. The study instruments were used to measure Self Care (So, 1992), Family Support (Kang, 1984), and Quality of Life (Ro, 1988). The data were analyzed using ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson correlation. Result : The mean scores were 3.56 for family support, 4.16 for self-care, and 3.19 for quality of life. The level of self-care was significantly higher in those men, having an occupation, higher income, and living with family members. The level of family support was significantly higher in those men, having an occupation, living with family members, and having a helper. The level of quality of life was significantly higher for those men, having a higher income, and shorter length of illness. Three relationships were found to be positively correlated: 1) between the levels of family support and self-care (r=.53), 2) between the levels of self-care and quality of life (r=.55), and 3) between the levels of family support and quality of life (r=.54). Conclusion: Therefore, a nursing intervention program needs to be developed to promote family support, and self-care for quality of life for patients with arthritis.

데이터 마이닝을 이용한 도서관 웹서비스의 사용성분석

손용배 충남대학교 사회과학대학 문헌정보학과 2002 文獻情報學論集 Vol.8 No.-

Thomas Mann 연구 : 특히 그의 장편소설을 중심으로

손영림 濟州大學 敎養學部 1975 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

Zwei Grundfragen bestimmen von Thomas Manns Dichtung : Die "Problematik des geistigen Menschen, das Schicksal des Geistes an sich" und die "Dekadenz", d. h. der Verfall der b?rgerlichen Zivilisation. Er empfindel einen Zwiespalt zwischen dem Geist des Menschen und dem urspr?nglich-nat?rlichen Leben. Er sieht ihn beim Knstler. In der Buddenbrooks-Periode geht es um den Gegensatz Geist-Leben und die Problem-atik des Kunstlers. In der Zauberberg-Periode wird eine unsichere Hoffnung auf, ein neues, die Gegens?tze aufhebendes Humanittsideal angedeutet. In der Josephs-Periode verwirklicht sich, allerdings mit parodistischer Ironie, das Ideal des ausgeglichenen Menschen in einer heilen Weltordnung. In der Doktor Faustus-Periode werden unter dem Eindruck der nationalsozialistische Parteidiktatur und des Weltkrieges alle Hoffnu-ngen auf eine neue Humanit?t begraben. Thomas Mann sieht und bekmpft den Verfall der Humanit?t. Er ringt um die letzten Positionen eines entmythisierten und entmetaphysierten Humanismus. W?hrend er den Zwiespalt zwischen Geist und Leben in breiter Gestaltung immer wieder aufzeigt, erscheint die Synthese nur vison?r oder in einer durch Ironie "neutralisierten" Form. Er verf?gt ber die in der deutschen Dichtung seltene Kraft des Humors: getragen ist dieser bei ihm aber ebensosehr von der Khle des Spottes wie von der W?rme der Liebe. Er vertritt cine besondere Art von Pessimsmus und versteht es, dieses "Unbehagen an der Kultur" stets aus dem khlen Abstand einer geistig ?berlegen Ironie zu betrachten. Diese ben?tzt er, um dahinter seine gef?hlsm?Eige Anteilnabme zu verbergen und in der Spannung zwischen "Sentimentalitt" und Ratio, zwischen "Romantik" und Naturwissenschaft eine unverbindliche, distanzierende "Mitte" und geistge ?berlegenheit zu halten in einer Art "Selbstbewahrung des Geistes gegenber dem Bedrohlichen des Lebens." Joseph ist kein Heiliger und die "feinsinnige Tafelrunde" des Zauberbergs ein Panoptikum des Verfalls. Ironie heiBt letztlich. nichts ganz ernst nehmen. Sie kann zu Humor werden, wenn schlieBlich die Liebe vers?hnend mit im Spiele ist, zu Zynismus und Nihilismus, wenn sie in bloBem "Bel?cheln" stecken bleibt. Insofern Ironie bei Thomas Mann Pentpathe tisiert", wirkt sie auf Wahrheit hin, insofern sie "entwrdigt", zerstrt sie. Die Technik der Leitmotive(Tod, Krankheit, Zeit, Osten, Verzicht. Musik, Schicksal, Ironie u. a.), aus Richard Wagners Musik ?bernommen, gibt seinem Werk Zusammen-hang, Architetonik und tiefere Bez?ge. So hat das immer wiederkehrende Todesmotiv die "Funktion" der R?ckbesinnung aus der Oberfl?chlichkeit in tiefere Seinsschichten. Andere Mittel der Darstellungsweise Manns sind eine pr?zise Detailschilderung, psychologische Sch?rfe, unbestechliche Sachlichkeit, Roman-Montage durch Mischung des Handlungsablaufes mit Dialogen, Monologen, essayistischen Betrachtungen, Simultan Technik durch Gleichzeitigkeit verschiedener Zeitschichten, besonders ; im "Faustus" Hier vemengen sich naturalistische und moderne Grunds?tze.

동식물체내 질산염 대사와 독성 효과

손용석 高麗大學校 自然資源科學硏究所 1995 自然資源科學硏究 Vol.3 No.-

작은 피질하 병변에 대한 정위적 개두술 및 경-구 접근법

손병철,김문찬,이관성,박춘근,홍용길,강준기 대한신경외과학회 1999 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.28 No.12