Molecular Identification of the Vaccine Strain from the Inactivated Rabies Vaccine

Yang, Dong-Kun,Oh, Yoon-I,Cho, Soo-Dong,Kang, Hee-Kyung,Lee, Kyung-Woo,Kim, Yeon-Hee,Song, Jae-Young The Korean Society for Microbiology 2011 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.41 No.1

Since 1994, several different inactivated rabies vaccines have been used to immunize domestic animals such as dogs, cats, and cattle in South Korea. The Korean Veterinary Authority has conducted safety and efficacy testes of inactivated vaccines using laboratory animals. In this study, we applied a molecular method to investigate the genetic characterization of the rabies virus (RABV) genes in six commercial inactivated rabies vaccines, and determined the efficiency of two extraction reagents (i.e., sodium citrate or isopropyl myristate) to separate the vaccine antigens from the antigen/adjuvant complexes. Six partial nucleocapsid (N: 181 bp) and five partial glycoprotein (G: 306 bp) genes were successfully amplified with specific primer sets, which demonstrated that sodium citrate is more efficient in than isopropyl myristate in extracting viral RNA from inactivated gel vaccines. In addition, we identified the viral strain of the vaccine by analyzing the nucleotide sequences of the N and the G genes. The nucleotide similarity of the partial N and G genes ranged from 97.1 to 99.4% and from 91.8 to 100% among rabies vaccine strains, respectively, indicating that each manufacturer used different rabies virus strains to produce their vaccines. The molecular method used in this study could also be used to identify viral strains in other inactivated vaccines.

위절제술 후 절제연 양성으로 진단된 진행성 위암 환자의 임상적 경과

양송이,이상호 고신대학교의과대학 2012 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.27 No.1

Objectives: Many investigators have recommended adequate resection margin and lymphadenectomy for radical curative resection. The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical characteristics of positive resection margin (proximal or distal) of postgastrectomy in advanced gastric cancer. Methods: We studied 17 patients with gastric cancer who were diagnosed positive resection margin by intraoperative frozen biopsy or permanent biopsy report from January 2005 to December 2007, retrospectively. Surgical margin monitored by endoscopy. Results: Distal gastrectomy was performed in 13 patients and total gastrectomy in 4. Gastrectomy with combined resection including splenectomy was performed in 3, distal pancreatectomy in 2, transverse colon segmental resection in 1, and cholecystectomy in 2. Positive Proximal margin was found in 12, positive distal margin in 3, and both in 2. Palliative chemotherapy was performed in 8 patients. Postoperative follow up endoscopy was established in only 8 patients. Malignant results from endoscopic biopsy in gastroenteric or esophagoenteric anastomotic line were proven in 2 patients during follow up. 9 patients were not performed follow-up endoscopy. Among total 17 patients, 2 patients are alive. Fifteen patients died of aggravation of disease in 13 and postoperative complication in 2. Conclusions: Although positive surgical margin in far advanced gastric cancer were found, it can consider that does not further resection to obtain microscopic clear anastomotic margin.

돈분 퇴비화 중 부숙도에 미치는 영향인자 구명

김태일,송준익,양창범,김민균 한국동물자원과학회 2004 한국축산학회지 Vol.46 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate indices affecting composts maturity for swine manure compost produced in a commercial composting facility with air-forced from the bottom. The composting was made of swine manure mixed with puffing rice hull(6:4) and turned by escalating agitator twice a day. Composting samples were collected periodically during a 45-d composting cycle at that system, showing that indices of Ammonium-N to Nitrate-N ratio were sensitive indicators of composting quality. Pile temperature maintained more than 62℃ and water contents decreased about 20% for 25days of composting. A great variety and high numbers of aerobic thermophilic heterotropic microbes playing critical roles in stability of composts have been examined in the final composts, showing that they were detected 10^(8) to 10^(10) CFUg^(-1) in mesophilic bacteria, 10³-10⁴ in fungi and 10^(6)-10^(8) in actinomycetes, respectively. The results of this study for determining a factor affecting compost stability evaluations based on composting steps were as follows; 1. Ammonium-N concentrations were highest at the beginning of composting, reaching approximately 421㎎/㎏. However Ammonium-N concentrations were lower during curing, reaching approximately 104㎎/㎏ just after 45 day. The ratio between NH₃-N was above 11 at the beginning of composting and less than 2 at the final step(45 day). 2. Seed germination Indes was dependent upon the compost phytotoxicity and is nutrition. The phytotocity caused the GI to low during the period of active composting(till 25 days of composting time) depending on the value of the undiluted. After 25 days of composting time, the GI was dependent upon compost nutrition. The Germination index of the final step was calculated at over 80 without regard to treatments. 3. E4:E6 ratio in humic acid of composts was correlatively decreased from 8.86 to 6.76 during the period of active composting. After 25 days of composting time, the E4:E6 was consistently decreased from 6.76 to 4.67(r² of total composting period was 0.95). 4. Water soluble carbon had a tendency to increase from 0.54% to 0.78% during the period of active composting. After 25 days of composting time, it was consistently decreased from 0.78% to 0.42%. Water soluble nitrogen increased from 0.22% after 15days of compostion. In consequence, the correlation coefficient(r²) between water soluble carbon and water soluble nitrogen was 0.12 during the period of active composting while was 0.50 after 25 days of composting time.

비육돈 사료의 고추냉이 첨가수준별 분뇨의 악취물질 농도 변화

이강훈,황옥화,박규현,양승학,송준익,전중환,이준엽,오상집,성하균,최동윤,조성백,Lee, K.H.,Hwang, O.H.,Park, K.H.,Yang, S.H.,Song, J.I.,Jeon, J.H.,Lee, J.Y.,Ohh, S.J.,Sung, H.G.,Choi, D.Y.,Cho, S.B. 한국축산환경학회 2012 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.18 No.suppl.

서양고추냉이를 비육돈에 급여하여 분뇨에서 발생되는 악취물질의 농도변화를 조사하였다. 1. 서양고추냉이 분말을 사료에 혼합하여 돼지에 급여한 후 분뇨의 단쇄지방산 농도를 측정한 결과, 사료에 고추냉이를 0.02% 혼합했을 때 아세트산, 프로피온산, 부티르산, 이소부티르산, 이소발레르산, SCFA 및 I-SCFA 농도가 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 2. 페놀과 p-크레졸을 합한 페놀류 농도는 고추냉이를 0.01~0.02% 첨가하였을 때 대조구보다 감소하였다(p<0.05). 인돌과 스카톨을 합한 인돌류 농도는 사료에 고추냉이를 0.03% 첨가하였을 때 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 3. 따라서 분뇨의 페놀류 농도를 줄이기 위해서는 사료에 고추냉이를 0.02% 이하로 첨가하고, 인돌류 농도를 줄이기 위해서는 사료에 고추냉이를 0.03% 정도 첨가하여야 할 것으로 판단된다. This study was performed to test the effect of horseradish powder in fattening pig diet on odorous compound concentration from manure. Twenty fattening boars [Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc] weighing an average body weight of $68.4{\pm}4.95}$ kg were randomly assigned to one of 4 treatments (horseradish level in diets: 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03%) based on their body weight. This experiment was a randomized complete block (RCB) design using 5 pigs per treatment with 1 pig per metabolizable cage. Pigs were fed experimental diet (amount proportional to 3% of their body weight) twice a day (09:00 and 16:00) for 7 d after having 14 d adaptation period. Experimental diets were mixed with water by 1:2.5 v/v. Concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was highest (p<0.05) when pigs fed diet with 0.02% horseradish powder. Level of phenol compounds including phenol and p-cresol were decreased (p<0.05) in 0.01~0.02% horseradish treatment group compared with control group. Concentration of indoles including indole and skatole was lowest (p<0.05) in 0.03% horseradish treatment group compare to others. Therefore, results from our current study suggest that the optimal levels of horseradish powder in diet for reducing phenol and indole compounds in pig manure were 0.02 and 0.03%, respectively.

Particulate matter and childhood allergic diseases

Yang, Song-I The Korean Pediatric Society 2019 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.62 No.1

Particulate matter (PM) is a ubiquitous air pollutant that is a growing public health concern. Previous studies have suggested that PM is associated with asthma development and exacerbation of asthma symptoms. Although several studies have suggested increased risks of atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and allergic sensitization in relation to PM exposure, the evidence remains inconsistent. The plausible mechanisms underlying these effects are related to oxidative stress, enhancement of sensitization to allergens, inflammatory and immunological responses, and epigenetics. This review discusses the effect of PM on childhood allergic diseases, along with plausible mechanisms. Further studies are required to understand the role of PM exposure on childhood allergic diseases, to reduce these diseases in children.

KAAACI Allergic Rhinitis Guidelines: Part 1. Update in Pharmacotherapy

Yang Song-I,Lee Il Hwan,Kim Minji,Ryu Gwanghui,강성윤,Kim Mi-Ae,이상민,Kim Hyun-Jung,Park Do-Yang,Lee Yong Ju,Kim Dong-Kyu,Kim Soo Whan,Kim Do Hyun,Jun Young Joon,박상철,Kim Bong-Seong,Chung Soo Jie,Lee Hyun J 대한천식알레르기학회 2023 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.15 No.1

The prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and the socioeconomic burden associated with the medical cost and quality of life (QOL) of AR have progressively increased. Therefore, practical guidelines for the appropriate management of AR need to be developed based on scientific evidence while considering the real-world environment, values, and preferences of patients and physicians. The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology revised clinical guidelines of AR to address key clinical questions of the management of AR. Part 1 of the revised guideline covers the pharmacological management of patients with AR in Korea. Through a meta-analysis and systematic review, we made 4 recommendations for AR pharmacotherapy, including intranasal corticosteroid (INCS)/intranasal antihistamine (INAH) combination therapy, oral antihistamine/INCS combination therapy, leukotriene receptor antagonist treatment in AR patients with asthma, and prophylactic treatment for patients with pollen-induced AR. However, all recommendations are conditional because of the low or very low evidence of certainty. Well-designed and strictly executed randomized controlled trials are needed to measure and report appropriate outcomes.

Prenatal particulate matter affects new asthma via airway hyperresponsiveness in schoolchildren

Yang, Song‐,I,Lee, So‐,Yeon,Kim, Hyo‐,Bin,Kim, Hwan‐,Cheol,Leem, Jong‐,Han,Yang, Hyeon‐,Jong,Kwon, Hyeok,Seo, Ju‐,Hee,Cho, Hyun‐,Ju,Yoon, Jisun,Lee, Eun Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2019 Allergy Vol.74 No.4

Particulate matter and childhood allergic diseases

Song-I Yang 대한소아청소년과학회 2019 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.62 No.1

Particulate matter (PM) is a ubiquitous air pollutant that is a growing public health concern. Previous studies have suggested that PM is associated with asthma development and exacerbation of asthma symptoms. Although several studies have suggested increased risks of atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and allergic sensitization in relation to PM exposure, the evidence remains inconsistent. The plausible mechanisms underlying these effects are related to oxidative stress, enhancement of sensitization to allergens, inflammatory and immunological responses, and epigenetics. This review discusses the effect of PM on childhood allergic diseases, along with plausible mechanisms. Further studies are required to understand the role of PM exposure on childhood allergic diseases, to reduce these diseases in children.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae 감염의 신속 항원 검사 키트 “Ribotest Mycoplasma^®”의 진단적 평가

양송이 ( Song I Yang ),한미선 ( Mi Seon Han ),김선중 ( Sun Jung Kim ),이성연 ( Seong Yeon Lee ),최은화 ( Eun Hwa Choi ) 대한소아감염학회 2019 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.26 No.2

목적: Mycoplasma pneumoniae 폐렴은 학동기 소아와 청소년의 지역사회 획득 폐렴 중 가장 흔한 원인으로, 조기에 원인 진단이 가능하다면 적절한 항균 요법을 결정하는데 도움이 된다. 본 연구는 하기도 감염 소아의 호흡기 검체에서 M. pneumoniae를 검출하기 위한 신속 항원 검사 방법의 진단적 가치를 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 2010년 8월부터 2018년 8월까지 하기도 감염으로 서울대학교 어린이병원에서 응급실 또는 입원 치료를 받은 소아로부터 채취한 비인두 흡인물 중 M. pneumoniae 배양 검사를 시행한 후 -70°C 초저온냉동고에 보관되어 있는 검체 215개를 선정하였다. 비인두 흡인물 검체를 실온에서 해동하고 면역크로마토그래피를 이용한 Ribotest Mycoplasma^®를 시행한 후 두 명의 검사자가 결과를 판독하였다. 검사를 시행하는 자와 판독하는 자는 배양 검사 결과를 모르는 상태에서 검사를 진행하였다. 결과: 총 215개의 비인두 흡인물 검체 중 M. pneumoniae가 배양 양성인 검체는 119개, 배양 음성인 검체는 96개였다. M. pneumoniae가 배양 양성인 119개 중 74개(62.2%)가 Ribotest Mycoplasma^® 검사 결과 양성이었고, 배양 음성인 96개 중 92개(95.8%)가 Ribotest Mycoplasma^® 검사 결과 음성이었다. 배양 검사 결과를 기준으로 평가한 Ribotest Mycoplasma^®의 민감도는 62.2% (74/119, 95% 신뢰구간, 53.5-70.9%)이었으며, 특이도는 95.8% (92/96, 95% 신뢰구간, 91.8-99.8%)이었다. 또, 양성 예측도는 94.9% (74/78, 95% 신뢰구간, 90.0-99.8%)이었으며, 음성 예측도는 67.2% (92/137, 95% 신뢰구간, 59.3-75.0%), 그리고 일치도 77.21% (166/215, 95% 신뢰구간, 71.6-82.8%)를 보였다. 결론: 본 연구 결과, 신속 항원 검출법인 Ribotest Mycoplasma^® 검사결과가 양성인 경우는 M. pneumoniae 배양 양성과의 일치도가 매우 높아서 M. pneumoniae 감염의 진단에 유용하였다. 그러나, Ribotest Mycoplasma^® 검사결과가 음성인 경우의 약 1/3은 M. pneumoniae 배양 양성인 검체이었으므로, 음성 검사 결과에 대한 해석은 주의하여야 한다. Purpose: Early detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is important for appropriate antimicrobial therapy in children with pneumonia. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of a rapid antigen test kit in detecting M. pneumoniae from respiratory specimens in children with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Methods: A total of 215 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were selected from a pool of NPAs that had been obtained from children admitted for LRTI from August 2010 to August 2018. The specimens had been tested for M. pneumoniae by culture and stored at -70°C until use. Tests with Ribotest Mycoplasma^® were performed and interpreted independently by two investigators who were blinded to the culture results. Results: Among the 215 NPAs, 119 were culture positive for M. pneumoniae and 96 were culture negative. Of the culture-positive specimens, 74 (62.2%) were positive for M. pneumoniae by Ribotest Mycoplasma®, and 92 of the 96 (95.8%) culture-negative specimens were negative for M. pneumoniae by Ribotest Mycoplasma^®. When culture was used as the standard test, the sensitivity and specificity of Ribotest Mycoplasma^® were 62.2% and 95.8%, respectively. Additionally, the positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall agreement rates with Ribotest Mycoplasma^® were 94.9%, 67.2%, and 77.2%, respectively. Conclusions: A positive test result of Ribotest Mycoplasma^® suggests a high likelihood of culture-positive M. pneumoniae infection. However, a negative test result should be interpreted with caution because nearly one-third of negative test results reveal culture-positive M. pneumoniae infections.

A partially hydrolyzed whey formula provides adequate nutrition in high-risk infants for allergy

Jiyeon Yang,Song I Yang,Kyunguk Jeong,Kyung Won Kim,Yoon Hee Kim,Taek Ki Min,Bok Yang Pyun,Jeongmin Lee,Ji A Jung,Jeong Hee Kim,Sooyoung Lee 한국영양학회 2022 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.16 No.3

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Hydrolyzed formula is often fed to infants with gastrointestinal or immune issues, such as malabsorption or cows milk allergy, because enzymatic treatment has rendered it more digestible and less allergenic than standard cows milk formula (SF). Partially hydrolyzed formula (PHF) should be considered for those infants who are intolerant to extensively hydrolyzed formula. However, there are concerns about the nutritional insufficiencies of PHF. We aimed to evaluate the effects of PHF on the growth and health indicators in infants who were at high-risk of allergic disease and potential candidates for consuming PHF. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 83 infants aged 0–2 mon with a family history of allergies were assigned to consume either PHF or SF until 24 weeks of age. Anthropometric measures were obtained at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks; blood samples were drawn and evaluated at the end of the study. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in weight, height, and weight-for-height at any time point in each sex between the PHF and SF groups. At 24 weeks of age, the weight-for-age and height-for-age z-scores of the SF group were higher than those of the PHF group, but there was no significant difference in the weight-for-height z-score. There were no significant differences in levels of white blood cells, hemoglobin, ferritin, protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, eosinophil cationic protein, and immunoglobulin E. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, there were no differences in growth and blood panels between the infants consuming PHF or SF. Therefore, infants who are unable to tolerate SF can be fed PHF without nutritional concerns about growth.