한국과 중국의 옥조 제품 차이점에 대한 비교 연구 : 춘천옥조와 남양옥조를 중심으로

구연(Kou, Yan),김동욱(Kim, Dong Wook) 한국디자인리서치학회 2020 한국디자인리서치 Vol.5 No.3

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and China, the two countries have close relations in political, economic, historical and cultural fields. Although the relationship has become close, each has developed its own unique ideological and cultural characteristics in different social contexts. Jade culture is the essence of traditional Chinese culture and the precious treasure of human civilization. Nanyang jade carving is an important part of Chinese jade carving culture, and it is the materialized form and image carrier of Nanyang culture. It is not only the product of Nanyang culture, but also the contents and components of Nanyang culture. Korea is also influenced by the special period culture of the Han Dynasty and has a jade culture of 2,000 years. In this paper, the jade carving products of Nanyang and Chunchuan are studied, and the related data are analyzed by document analysis, comparative analysis and product empirical analysis. First, this paper describes the cultural development and current theory of jade carvings in Hanzhong, then analyzes the current situation of jade carvings market and probes into the background of their creative phenomena. Secondly, from the point of view of system, culture, thinking and aesthetics, we organize the concept of jade modeling. The third chapter of this paper analyzes the expression, shape, color, pattern and sculpting techniques of jade carvings in Chunchuan jade and Nanyang jade to find out the similarities and differences between the two and to draw a conclusion. In the design of jade carvings, we should give up the traditional design and design products that can enhance the value added of jade carvings reflecting the characteristics of the times.Combining the frequency analysis data of jade carving pattern, shape, color, etc., we should design the creative products of tourism culture that consumers like.Take the road of marketization, commercialization and fashion of jade carving tourism and creative products, and promote cultural development between Korea and China. 한·중 수교 이래로 두 나라 간의 정치, 경제, 역사, 문화 등 방면에서 모두 밀접한 관계를 가지게 되었다. 그러나 비록관계는 밀접해졌지만 다른 사회배경 아래에 각자 독특한 의식형태(意识形态)와 문화특징을 형성하였다. 본 논문은 남양(南阳) 옥조제품과 춘천(春川) 옥조제품을 연구대상으로 하고 문헌분석법, 비교분석법과 제품 실증분석법을 통해 한국과 중국의 옥조제품 조형(造型)예술표현의 형식과 조각기법 등 방면에 분석을 진행하고 관련 데이터 정보를 통계 및 정리한다. 창작소재, 문화표현, 장식문양(装饰纹样), 등을 통해 양국의 옥조문화 및 조형예술 표현방식의 동질성과 차이점(差异性)을 분석한다. 우선, 본 논문은 한·중 옥조의 문화발전 및 현황에 대한 이론에 대해 기술한다. 그리고 옥조시장의 현황을 분석 연구하여 그 창작현상의 배경을 탐구한다. 다음으로 체제별, 문화별, 사유별, 심미적으로 옥 조형성에 대한 조형 관념을 정리한다. 춘천옥과 남양옥은 옥석이 다른 클래스에 속하며 옥석이 성분, 색깔, 재질에 차이가 있음을 밝힌다. 논문의 3장은 춘천옥과 남양옥의 옥조제품의 표현내용, 조형적 특성, 색채, 문양, 조각기법을 분석하여 양자의 동일성과 차이점을 찾아내고 분석하여 결론을 낸다. 옥조각 디자인에서는 단순한 전통 디자인을 버리고 시대의 특색을 반영한 옥조각의 부가가치를 높여주는 문화적인 요소를 반영한 제품을 고안해야 한다. 옥 조각품 문양, 형태, 색채 등의 빈도 분석 데이터를 결합하여 소비자가 선호하는 관광문화 아이디어 상품을 고안하여야 한다. 옥조각 관광문화 아이디어 상품을시장화와 상품화, 그리고 패션화의 길을 가며, 한국과 중국 양국 간의 문화 발전을 촉진한다.

Involvement of Nuclear Factor Kappa B in High-Fat Diet-Related Pancreatic Fibrosis in Rats

( Ming Xian Yan ),( Hong Bo Ren ),( Yi Kou ),( Min Meng ),( Yan Qing Li ) 대한소화기학회 2012 Gut and Liver Vol.6 No.3

Background/Aims: High-fat diets contribute to pancreatic fibrogenesis, but the pathogenesis remains unclear. This study investigated the role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in high-fat diet-induced pancreatic fi brosis in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet or standard normal chow for 20 weeks. Pancreatic fibrosis was determined by Sirius red staining. Immunohistochemical staining, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to identify NF-κB-associated genes or protein expressions. Results: Infl ammation, fat deposition, pancreatic stellate cell activation and fi brosis were observed in the pancreases of the high-fat diet group. NF-κB subunit p65 (NF-κB/ p65) expression was localized to the nucleus, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) was over-expressed. Pancreatic gene expression levels of NF-κB/p65, ICAM-1 and tumor necrosis factor α were all elevated signifi cantly in rats fed a high-fat diet compared with control rats. Western blotting also revealed signifi cantly increased levels of ICAM-1 and nuclear NF-κB/p65 in rats fed high-fat diets comparison with control rats. Conclusions: NF-κB is involved in high-fat diet-related pancreatic fi brosis. (Gut Liver 2012;6:381-387)

Facile synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) and N-CDs/NiO composite as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

Kou Xiaoli,Xin Xin,Zhang Yan,Meng Long-Yue 한국탄소학회 2021 Carbon Letters Vol.31 No.4

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs), derived from the biomass (anthocyanin), are the novel additive to the nanocarbon materials, which is expected to bring a wide spectrum of novel applications. Moreover, metallic oxides are emerging for their unique potential for electrocatalysis. Herein, we report the synthesis of N-CDs for the selective detection of Fe3+ with a limit of detection of 2.57 μM in the range of 5–60 μM using ethylenediamine and H2O2 by a hydrothermal method. The obtained N-CDs displayed a spherical morphology with a particle size range of 2–7 nm and emitted blue luminescence at 394 nm under excitation at 319 nm. Meanwhile, we have demonstrated the fabrication of cost-efcient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline medium, employing N-CDs. Owing to the successful incorporation of N-CDs into NiO nanospheres, the resulting N-CDs/NiO with large surface areas, fast charge transfer, and increased conductivity vastly improved the catalytic activity. Remarkably, the optimal of N-CDs/NiO composite requires the overpotential of only 380 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a relatively low Tafel slope of 57.96 mV dec−1 compared with pure NiO. These results open up a facile route for the application of N-CDs and ofer prospects for CD-metal hybrids as high OER catalysts in electrochemical energy devices.

Preparation and Characterization of Paclitaxel-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Coated with Cationic SM5-1 Single-chain Antibody

( Geng Kou ),( Jie Gao ),( Hao Wang ),( Huai Wen Chen ),( Bo Hua Li ),( Da Peng Zhang ),( Shu Hui Wang ),( Sheng Hou ),( Wei Zhu Qian ),( Jian Xin Dai ),( Yan Qiang Zhong ),( Ya Jun Guo ) 생화학분자생물학회 2007 BMB Reports Vol.40 No.5

Stress analysis and optimization of Nd:YAG pulsed laser processing of notches for fracture splitting of a C70S6 connecting rod

Shuqing Kou,Yan Gao,Yong Zhao,Baojun Lin 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.5

The pulsed laser pre-processing of a notch as the fracture initiation source for the splitting process is the key mechanism of an advanced fracture splitting technology for C70S6 connecting rods. This study investigated the stress field of Nd:YAG pulsed laser grooving, which affects the rapid fracture initiation at the notch root and the controlled crack extension in the critical fracture splitting quality, to improve manufacturing quality. Thermal elastic-plastic incremental theory was applied to build the finite element analysis model of the stress field of pulsed laser grooving for fracture splitting based on the Rotary-Gauss body heat source. The corresponding numerical simulation of the stress field was conducted. The changes and distributions of the stress during pulsed laser grooving were examined, the influence rule of the primary technological parameters on the residual stress was analyzed, and the analysis results were validated by the corresponding cutting experiment. Results showed that the residual stress distribution was concentrated in the Heat-affected zone (HAZ) near the fracture splitting notch, which would cause micro-cracks in the HAZ. The stress state of the notch root in the fracture initiation direction was tensile stress, which was beneficial to the fracture initiation and the crack rapid extension in the subsequent fracture splitting process. However, the uneven distribution of the stress could lead to fracture splitting defects, and thus the residual stress should be lowered to a reasonable range. Decreasing the laser pulse power, increasing the processing speed, and lowering the pulse width can lower the residual stress. Along with the actual production, the reasonable main technological parameters were obtained.

A Study on the Influence of Metacognitive Strategies on EFL (English as a Foreign Language) Writing for College Students

염려사(Yan Lisha),고흥(Kou Heung) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.8

EFL (외국어로서의 영어) 작문은 학습자와 교사 모두에게 EFL 학습의 중요하고 어려운 부분이다. 최근 몇 년간 많은 연구에서 학습 전략이 영어 작문 과정과 작문 수준에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 학습 전략에서 최고 수준의 전략인 메타인지 전략은 대학생의 EFL 작문 수준과 효과에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요소이다. 따라서 본 논문은 메타인지 전략과 EFL 작문 성과의 관계를 탐구 할 것이다. 이 연구는 SPSS 22.0 소프트웨어를 사용하여 데이터를 통계적으로 분석하고 결론을 도출하는 정량적 연구 방법을 사용했다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 대학생의 메타인지 전략은 중간 수준이다 (M = 2.86). 메타인지 전략과 모든 하위 변수는 EFL 작문 성과와 유의한 상관관계가 있다 (r = .665, p < .01). 메타인지 전략의 4 가지 변수는 EFL 작문에서 대학생의 작문 성과를 크게 예측할 수 있다. 결론을 고려하여 교사는 미래에 EFL 작문 교육으로 작문을 위한 학생들의 메타인지 전략을 개발해야 한다. EFL (English as a Foreign Language) writing is an important and difficult part of EFL learning for both learners and teachers. In recent years, a large number of studies have found that learning strategies have a direct and important influence on the English writing process and writing level. Metacognitive strategy as the highest level strategy in learning strategies is also an important factor affecting the level and effectiveness of EFL writing for college students. Therefore, this paper will attempt to explore the relationship between metacognitive strategies and EFL writing achievements. This study used quantitative research methods, using SPSS 22.0 software to statistically analyze the data and draw conclusions. The results show that: the metacognitive strategies of college students are at a medium level (M = 2.86); metacognitive strategies and all their sub-variables were significantly correlated with the EFL writing achievements (r = .665, p < .01); the four variables of the metacognitive strategy can significantly predict the writing performance of college students in EFL writing. In view of the conclusions, it is recommended that teachers should develop students metacognitive strategies for writing in EFL writing teaching in the future.

Cloning and characterization of a novel GIGANTEA gene in sweet potato

Tang, W.,Yan, H.,Su, Z.x.,Park, S.C.,Liu, Y.j.,Zhang, Y.g.,Wang, X.,Kou, M.,Ma, D.f.,Kwak, S.S.,Li, Q. Gauthier-Villars ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 Vol. No.

<P>The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, a key event in the lifecycle of a plant, is affected by environmental stresses. The flowering-time regulator GIGANTEA (GI) may be contributing to susceptibility of the regulation of photoperiodic flowering, circadian rhythm control, and abiotic stress resistance in Arabidopsis. However, the role of GI in sweet potato remains unknown. Here, we isolated and characterized a GI gene (IbGI) from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [LI Lam). The IbGI cDNA sequence was isolated based on information from a sweet potato transcriptome database. IbGI mRNA transcript levels showed robust circadian rhythm control during the light-dark transition, and the expression of IbGI was stronger in leaves and roots than in stems. IbGI protein is predominantly localized to the nucleus. IbGI expression was upregulated by high temperature, drought, and salt stress but downregulated by cold stress. Overexpressing IbGI in the Arabidopsis gi-2 mutant background rescued its late flowering phenotype and reduced its salt tolerance. Taken together, these results indicate that IbGI shares functions in regulating flowering, the circadian rhythm, and tolerance to some stresses with other GI orthologs. (C) 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.</P>

Increasing the Productivity of TNFR-Fc in GS-CHO Cells at Reduced Culture Temperatures

Tian-Ci Kou,Li Fan,Yan Zhou,Zhao-Yang Ye,Liang Zhao,Wen-Song Tan 한국생물공학회 2011 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.16 No.1

In an effort to improve TNFR-Fc production in GS-CHO cells, batch cultures were performed to investigate the effects of low culture temperature on TNFR-Fc production. It was observed that low culture temperatures resulted in cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, led to suppressed cell growth, and prolonged the culture period. Although the highest TNFR-Fc concentration was achieved with a culture temperature of 32°C at 247.4 mg/L, the maximum q_(TNFR-Fc) of 15.7 pg/cells/day was achieved at 30°C. Because the inhibition effect on cell growth at 30°C compromised its beneficial effects specifically to TNFR-Fc productivity, TNFR-Fc concentration at this temperature was not significantly increased. Furthermore, the increase in productivity of specific TNFR-Fc at low culture temperatures was also found to be due to an increase in the transcriptional level of the TNFR-Fc gene, determined by RT-PCR analysis. In addition, low culture temperatures had no significant effect on the degree of sialylation of TNFRFc. Taken together; a biphasic cultivation process developed in a fed-batch mode with a low temperature-production phase enhanced TNFR-Fc production by GS-CHO cells and therefore offers major potential for bioprocess optimization.

Transcriptome profile of Chinese bush cricket, Gampsocleis gratiosa: A resource for microsatellite marker development

Zhi‐Jun Zhou,Xiao-Yan KOU,Lei-YangQIAN,Jing LIU 한국곤충학회 2016 Entomological Research Vol.46 No.3

The Chinese bush cricket, Gampsocleis gratiosa, has a long history as a pet in China. To date, the sequencing of its whole genome is unavailable as a non‐model organism. Transcriptomic information is also scarce for this species. The G. gratiosa transcriptome was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000 paired‐end sequencing technology. In total 52 million clean reads with an average length of 90 bp were generated, which produced 74,821 unigenes with a mean length of 580 bp and an N50 length of 759 bp. In total 29,674 (39.66%) unigenes were successfully annotated against the NR, NT, Swiss‐Prot, Gene Ontology (GO), Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COGs) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Further functionally classified of unigenes against GO, COGs and KEGG found that a total of 11,935 (19.95%) unigenes were categorized into 61 GO terms, 19,576 unigenes were clustered into 25 COG functional categories and 17,971 unigenes were assigned to 258 KEGG pathways. In addition, 2093 microsatellite loci were identified, of which 591 loci had flanking sequences suitable for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer design. The transcriptome profile of G. gratiosa contributed to the accumulation of orthopteran genomic data, and the microsatellite loci provided useful tools for future studies of this and other closely related Gampsocleis species.

A Study on Current Situation of Professional Quality of Preschool Inclusive Education Teachers of Henan Province in China

요소연(Yao, Xiao Yan),고흥(Kou, Heung) 한국부모교육학회 2021 부모교육연구 Vol.18 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 중국 허난성의 취학 전 융합교육 교사의 전문적 소양 현황을 전면적으로 이해할 수 있도록 자료를 제공하여 취학 전 융합교육 교사의 전문적 소양 향상을 하도록 한다. 즉, 교사의 전문적 소양의 평균점수와 인구학적 변수의 차이점이 있으면 문제점이 있으므로 취학 전 유아 융합교육 교사의 전문 소양에 영향을 미치는 변인을 찾고 전문 소양 향상을 위한 제안을 하고자 한다. 본 연구의 방법은 정량적 연구로 진행하였다. 중국 허난성의 106개 융합교육 시범유치원에서 교사 총 430명의 융합학급 교사를 연구 대상으로 하였다. 신뢰성이 좋은 《허난성 취학 전 융합교육 교사 전문소양 설문지》를 사용하여 정식 테스트를 진행하였다. SPSS 26.0 통계분석 소프트웨어를 사용하여 데이터 분석을 수행하였다. 기술적 통계, one-way ANOVA, 독립표본 t 검증(independent-samples t-test) 등을 통해 교사의 전문성 현황을 이해하는 연구를 하였다. 공식적 시험 결과로는 허난성 취학 전 유아 융합교육 교사의 전문적 소양 전체 평균점수는 4점 이상 (M=4.069, SD=.069) 이었다. 각 차원별 점수 차이가 있었는데, 전공 의식 및 도덕성(M=4.408, SD=.582); 전문지식(M=3.734, SD=.856); 전문능력(M=4.128, SD=.630)에 차이가 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 인구통계학적 요인을 자기 변수로 하여 one-way ANOVA 또는 독립표본 t 검사를 실시하였는데, 그 결과 4가지 배경 변수가 교사의 전문적 소양 수준에 현저한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 교육연령(전문지식, F=3.096, p<.05); 직함(전문지식 F=3.333, p<.05; 전문능력 F=3.129, p<.05); 전문과정 학습(전문지식 F=3.755, p<.001; 전문능력 F=2.340, p<.05); 유치원급(전문능력 F=3.471, p<.05)로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 현재 허난성의 취학 전 융합교육 교사의 전문적 소양은 평균적으로 수준이 양호하였으나, 그러나 전문지식 차원에서는 시급히 개선을 요하는 낮은 점수를 받았다. 교사의 4가지 변수인, 나이(age), 직책, 전공수업 참여 여부와 유치원급 등 4가지 변수는 교사의 전문적 소양에 현저한 영향을 미치는 요소로 나타났다. 전문적 소양에 영향을 주는 4개의 변수가 요소이므로, 허난성의 취학 전 융합 교육 교사의 전문적인 소양 수준을 4개의 변수로 개선시킬 수 있다. The purpose of this research is to get comprehensive understanding about the current professional quality of preschool inclusive education teachers in Henan Province of China. According to the overall score of professional quality of teachers and the differences in demographic variables, finding the problems exists and proposing suggestions to improve the professional of preschool inclusive education teachers. In this research, the method quantitative research was adopted, the research subjects include 430 teachers (144 pre-test objects and 286 formal-test objects) of inclusive classes in 106 inclusive education pilot kindergartens in Henan Province. “The professional quality questionnaire of preschool inclusive education teachers in Henan Province” with good reliability and validity was used for formal testing. SPSS 26.0 Statistical Analysis Software was applied for data analysis, and research on the current situation of professional quality of the teachers was performed utilizing descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, and independent-samples t-test. The formal test results showed that the overall score of professional quality of preschool inclusive education teachers in Henan Province was higher than 4 points (M=4.069, SD=.605), which had differences in the scores of each dimension, including: Professional perception and ethics (M=4.408, SD=.582); Professional knowledge (M=3.734, SD=.856); Professional competence (M=4.128, SD=.630). The results of one-way ANOVA or independent sample t-test with demographic factors as independent variables showed that there were four background variables with a significant difference in the professional quality level of the teachers: Teaching age (Professional knowledge F=3.096, p<.05); Professional title (Professional Knowledge) F=3.333, p<.05; Professional competence (F=3.129, p<.05); Professional course learning (Professional knowledge) F=3.755, p<.001; Professional competence (F=2.340, p<.05); Kindergarten level (Professional competence F=3.471, p<.05). The results showed that the professional quality of preschool inclusive education teachers in Henan Province had a good overall level, but a low score in the dimension of professional knowledge, which needs further improvement. In the four variables of teaching, age, professional title, whether to participate in professional curriculum learning, and the kindergarten level, there were significant differences in professional quality of the teachers. Therefore, the professional quality level of preschool inclusive education teachers in Henan Province can be improved from this.