알칼리장석-일라이트가 육용오리의 생산성 및 육질에 미치는 영향

국길,김정은,정진형,김재필,선상수,김광현,정완태,정광화,안종남,이병석,정일병,양철주,양재은,Kook K.,Kim J. E.,Jeong J. H.,Kim J. P.,Sun S. S.,Kim K. H.,Jeong Y. T.,Jeong K. H.,Ahn J. N.,Lee B. S.,Jeong I. B.,Yang C. J.,Yang J. E. 한국가금학회 2005 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.32 No.4

본 연구는 3주령의 육용오린 사료에 알칼리장석-일라이트를 0, 0+ 항생제, 0.5, 1.0 및 $1.5\%$ 첨가한 5처리구에 3반복으로 각각 12수씩 배치하여 43일간 급여하여 생산성 및 육질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실행하였다. 육성오리의 일당 증체량은 알칼리장석-일라이트 1.0와 $1.5\%$ 첨가구에서 약간 증가하였다(p>0.05). 사료섭취 량은 알칼리장석-일라이트 첨가구에서 증가하는 경향이었다(p>0.05). 혈중 글루코스 농도는 알칼리장석-일라이트 $0.5\%$ 처리구에서 약간 감소한 반면에(p>0.05) 혈중 요소태 질소 함량은 알칼리장석-일라이트 $0.5\%$ 첨가구에서 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 콜레스테롤 함량은 알칼리장석-일라이트 $0.5\%$ 첨가구에서 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 도체중과 도체율은 알칼리장석-일라이트 첨가수준에 따라 증가하는 경향이었다(p>0.05). 알칼리 장석-일라이트 급여에 의한 육용오리 가슴육의 조지방 함량은 알칼리장석-일라이트 $1.5\%$ 첨가구에서는 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 육색의 명도와 황색도는 알칼리장석-일라이트에서 높게 나타났으며(p>0.05), 콜레스테롤 함량은 알칼리장석-일라이트 첨가구에서 감소하였다(p>0.05). 지방산 패도는 알칼리장석-일라이트 첨가구에서 약간 감소하였다(p>0.05). 알칼리장석-일라이트 첨가에 의한 포화지방산 비율이 약간감소하는 경향인 반면에 불포화지방산 비율이 약간 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 알칼리장석-일라이트 첨가에 의한 육성오리 간의 중금속 함량은 납 축적량이 비교적 높게 나타났다(p>0.05). 관능 평가(appearance)에서 알칼리장석-일라이트 1.0와 $1.5\%$ 첨가구에서 외관의 유의적인 개선 효과를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 육성오리에 대한 알칼리장석-일라이트 급여는 증체량의 개선효과와 더불어 가슴육의 조지방 함량의 감소 그리고 관능평가에서 외관의 개선 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the supplemental alkali feldspar-ilite(feldspar) on growth performance and meat quality in broiler ducks for 43 days. One hundred eighty broiler ducks were divided into 5 groups of 12ducks. Dietary levels of feldspar 0, 0+antibiotics, 0.5, 1.0 and $1.5\%$ were added to experimental diets of each of the groups. Daily weight gain was slightly increased in 1.0 and $1.5\%$ feldspar treatments. Feed intake was slightly increased at all feldspar treatments. Glucose concentration of serum profile was decreased whereas BUN concentration was significantly increased (p<0.05) at $0.5\%$ feldspar. Cholesterol concentration was decreased at all feldspar treatments, this difference was especially observed in supplemental levels of $0.5\%$ feldspar(p<0.05). Carcass weight was increased at all feldspar treatments. Moisture and crude fat contents of proximate chemical composition in duck meat were decreased at all feldspar treatment, this difference especially was observed in supplemental levels of $1.5\%$ feldspar(p<0.05) on crude fat content. Lightness and yellowness was increased at all feldspar treatment. Cholesterol contents and TBA in meat were decreased, but this parameters were not difference by feldspar treatment. The composition of saturated fatty acids(SFA) was decreased, whereas unsaturated fatty acids(USFA) was slightly increased by feldspar treatment. The Pb content of heavy metal concentrations was increased with compared control, but not difference. The appearance of sensory evaluation was improved by supplemental feldspar, especially in supplemental feldspar, 1.0 and $1.5\%$(p<0.05). The results of this study indicate that the supplemental alkali feldspar may improve the production and meat quality of broiler ducks.

Effects of Intra-duodenal Infusion of Limiting Amino Acids on Plasma Insulin-like Growth Factor I, Growth Hormone, Insulin and Liver Insulin-like Growth Factor I mRNA in Growing Goat Fed a Maize Stover-based Diet

Sun, Z.H.,Tan, Z.L.,Yao, J.H.,Tang, Z.R.,Shan, J.G.,Hu, J.P.,Tang, S.X.,Jiang, Y.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.5

The effects of intra-duodenal infusion of methionine (Met), lysine (Lys) and leucine (Leu) on dry matter intake (DMI), the concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH) and insulin in plasma, and liver IGF-I mRNA level were investigated in two experiments for Liuyang Black growing wether goats. In Experiment 1, three goats ($10.0{\pm}0.1$ kg) were fitted with ruminal, proximal duodenal and terminal ileal fistulaes to determine the infusion amounts of Met, Lys and Leu at the duodenum according to essential amino acid flows into the duodenum and their apparent digestibility. The infusion amounts were 0.77 g/d, 0.91 g/d and 0.58 g/d respectively. In Experiment 2, 4 groups of goats (($10.0{\pm}0.2$ kg) for each group, were cannulated at the duodenum, and were infused with a mixture of Met, Lys and Leu (Control), or mixtures with 21% Met, Lys or Leu replaced with glutamate respectively on a nitrogenous basis. The replacement of 21% Met, Lys or Leu with glutamate did not affect intakes of maize stover, concentrate or both (p>0.05) when compared with the control. The replacement of 21% Met or Lys significantly (p<0.05) reduced plasma GH, insulin and IGF-I concentrations and liver IGF-I mRNA level. The replacement of 21% Leu with glutamate reduced (p<0.05) plasma IGF-I concentration only, but not plasma insulin and GH, as well as liver IGF-I mRNA level (p>0.05). The close relationships between supplying Met and Lys in the lumen of the duodenum and plasma IGF-I, GH and insulin concentrations, as well as liver IGF-I mRNA level in this study indicate that the effects of the limiting amino acids on nutrition of animals are likely intermediated via their effects on these hormones, and these hormone profiles could be used as intermediate markers for the limiting order of amino acids.

Inductor-less SiGe pin diode attenuator with low phase variations

Zhu, S.,Mikul, A.O.,Sun, P.,You, Y.,Kim, Jong-Hoon,Kim, Byeong-Sam,Heo, Deukhyoun IET 2012 Electronics letters Vol.48 No.20

<P>An inductor-less wideband (6-18 GHz) 3-bit attenuator with low phase variations is presented based on octagonal SiGe p-type intrinsic n-type ( pin) diodes. To achieve low insertion loss and high linearity, a DC bias scheme has been designed to minimise the leakage from the parasitic diodes between the P-sub and N-well of the pin diodes. The attenuator is fabricated in a standard 0.18 mm SiGe BiCMOS process without using post-processed transmission lines. It has a maximum attenuation range of 7 dB. The minimum measured insertion loss is 7.9, 9.4, 10.6 dB at 6, 12, 18 GHz, respectively. Phase variation is lower than ± 2.5° and the chip size, including pads, is 0.85 x 0.412 mm<SUP>2</SUP>.</P>

Effect of De-hulling on Ileal Amino Acids Digestibility of Soybean Meals Fed to Growing Pigs

Kang, Y.F.,Li, D.F.,Xing, J.J.,Mckinnon, P.J.,Sun, D.Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.6

A study was carried out to determine the effect of de-hulling on apparent and true ileal amino acids digestibility of soybean meals for growing pigs. Twenty barrows (Duroc${\times}$Large white${\times}$Longer white) were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ilium. Digestibility of 20 experimental diets was determined, nine of them were de-hulled soybean meal diets, and nine of them were regular soybean meal diets and two low protein casein diets for determination of endogenous amino acid correction for true digestibility determination. A $5<{\times}5<$ Latin Squares Design was adopted in this trail. The results showed that de-hulling increased apparent ileal digestibility of isoleucine, threonine, aspartic, tyrosine and indispensable and dispensable amino acid (p<0.05) in soybean meals. Furthermore, dehulling is also increased apparent digestibility of arginine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, alanine, glutamic acid, serine and gross amino acids (p<0.01). However, there were no significant differences found for histidine, methionine, tryptophan, cystine and glycine (p>0.05). Similar responses were found for true ileal digestibility. In three dehulled and non-dehulled pairs soybean meals from the same respective sources, de-hulling increased apparent digestibility of lysine, methionine, threonine and cystine 1.42%, 2.06%, 2.18% and 1.40% respectively. True digestibility of lysine, methionine, threonine and cystine was increased 1.65%, 1.94%, 2.30% and 1.82% respectively. A prediction equation for true ileal amino acid digestibility (including lysine and arginine) was established by multivariate linear regression. The independent variables included relevant amino acid, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract and nitrogen free extract. The coefficient R2 values of lysine and agrinine were 0.596 and 0.531 respectively. According to the crude protein content, a prediction equation for lysine and arginine content in soybean meal was also established by single linear regression. The coefficient $R^2$ values of lysine and agrinine were 0.636 and 0.636 respectively.

ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF THE SHIFTING PROCESS IN AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS

G. SHI,P. DONG,H. Q. SUN,Y. LIU,Y. J. CHENG,X. Y. XU 한국자동차공학회 2017 International journal of automotive technology Vol.18 No.1

This paper focuses on the way of keeping shift quality of automatic transmissions consistent in mass production and with mileage accumulation. We investigate the main factors influencing the consistency of shift quality. Test results show that the torque to pressure (T2P) and pressure to current (P2I) characteristics of shifting elements are easily affected. A simulation model of an 8-speed automatic transmission is established to simulate the dynamic process of clutch-to-clutch shift. Simulation results demonstrate that the change of T2P and P2I characteristics has a significant influence on shift quality. In order to compensate for the influences, we develop two adaptive control strategies, i.e., the adaptive control strategies for torque phase and inertia phase. They make use of the measured speed information and time information to evaluate shift quality. Then the control parameters are tuned to adapt to the change of T2P and P2I characteristics. Vehicle tests verify that the developed adaptive control strategies are effective to keep shift quality consistent in mass production and with mileage accumulation.

Promoter methylation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling antagonist <i>Dkk‐3</i> is associated with poor survival in gastric cancer

Yu, Jun,Tao, Qian,Cheng, Yuen Y.,Lee, Kwan Y.,Ng, Simon S. M.,Cheung, Kin F.,Tian, Linwei,Rha, Sun Y.,Neumann, Ulf,Rö,cken, Christoph,Ebert, Matthias P. A.,Chan, Francis K. L.,Sung, Joseph J. Y. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Cancer Vol.115 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND:</B></P><P>Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway is common and critical in the pathogenesis of digestive cancers. In this study, the authors investigated the promoter methylation of the dickkopf homolog 3 gene <I>Dkk‐3</I> in these cancers and its prognostic significance in gastric cancer.</P><P><B>METHODS:</B></P><P><I>Dkk‐3</I> methylation was assessed in 173 patients with gastric cancers (including 104 patients who were followed for up to 4090 days) and in 128 patients with colorectal cancer. Cell growth was evaluated by using a colony‐formation assay. For survival analyses, the authors used Kaplan‐Meier plots, the log‐rank test, and Cox proportional regression.</P><P><B>RESULTS:</B></P><P><I>Dkk‐3</I> was silenced or down‐regulated in 12 of 17 gastric cancer cell lines (70.6%) and in 3 of 9 colon cancer cell lines (33.3%). The loss of gene expression was associated with promoter methylation, which could be restored by demethylating agents. Ectopic expression of <I>Dkk‐3</I> suppressed colony formation. Moreover, methylation of <I>Dkk‐3</I> was detected in 117 of 173 primary gastric tumors (67.6%) and in 67 of 128 colorectal tumors (52.3%). The clinical significance and the prognostic value of <I>Dkk‐3</I> methylation also were examined in 104 gastric cancers and in 84 colorectal cancers. Multivariate analysis indicated that <I>Dkk‐3</I> methylation was associated significantly and independently with poor disease survival (relative risk, 2.534; 95% confidence interval, 1.54–4.17; <I>P</I> = .002) in gastric cancer, but not in colorectal cancer. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves revealed that patients who had <I>Dkk‐3</I> methylated gastric cancers had a significantly shorter survival (median, 0.76 years) compared with patients who did not have <I>Dkk‐3</I> methylation (median, 2.68 years; <I>P</I> < .0001; log‐rank test).</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS:</B></P><P>Epigenetic silencing of the <I>Dkk‐3</I> gene by promoter methylation was a common event in gastric cancer and was associated with a poor outcome in such patients. Cancer 2009. © 2008 American Cancer Society.</P>

Evaluations of Neutron Data for T and ^3He with R-Matrix Method

W. L. Sun,Z. P. Chen,Y. F. Lin 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23

New evaluations for n+T and n+^3He reactions are carried out by using our R-Matrix code RAC. The best R-Matrix parameters are obtained by fitting data of all necessary reactions simultaneously. The fitting for n+T reaction includes the available experimental data (E ≤ 40 MeV) from EXFOR database, corresponding to those of T(n,n)T, T(n,d)2n, ^3He(p,p)^3He, and ^3He(p,2p)D+^3He(p,2pn)p, while the fitting for n+^3He reaction uses the data of ^3He(n,n)^3He, ^3He(n,d)D, ^3He(n,p)T, ^3He(n,np)D+^3He(n,2np)^1H, ^3He(n,g)^4He, T(p,p)T, and T(p,n)^3He. Then, these best R-Matrix parameters are applied to calculate the cross sections and their corresponding covariance matrices. The present evaluations agree well with the experimental data, and are obviously better than those of ENDF/B-VII, CENDL-2.1, or JENDL-3.3, particularly the cross sections for T(n,d)2n and ^3He(n,np)D+^3He(n,2np)p reactions.

Protective Effect of Aminophylline against Cigarette Smoke Extract–Induced Apoptosis in Human Lung Fibroblasts (MRC‐5 Cells)

Kim, Yu J.,Kim, Ju‐,Young,Yoon, Jin Y.,Kyung, Sun Y.,Lee, Sang P.,Jeong, Sung H.,Moon, Chanil,Park, Jeong‐,Woong Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology Vol.109 No.1

<P><B>Abstract: </B> Cigarette smoking is the principal cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), especially emphysema, which is characterized by alveolar wall destruction and airspace enlargement. Apoptosis of lung structural cells is involved in the pathogenesis of COPD. Xanthine derivatives (aminophylline or theophylline) have been used for the treatment of COPD as a bronchodilator. But the effects of xanthine derivatives on apoptosis of the lung structural cells remain poorly understood, even though it is known that theophylline protects against ultraviolet irradiation–induced cell death in corneal epithelial cells. This study was designed to determine whether aminophylline would protect against cigarette smoke extract (CSE)–induced apoptosis in lung fibroblasts. We demonstrated that aminophylline protected against apoptosis of MRC‐5 cells at a relatively lower therapeutic range (10 μg/ml), resulting in a significant increase in cell viability occurring at 20% concentration after 8‐hr exposure. Annexin staining decreased from 68 ± 4% of the control to 12 ± 2% of aminophylline (10 μg/ml) pre‐treatment after 20% CSE exposure for 12 hr (<I>p </I><<I> </I>0.05). Aminophylline decreased caspase 3 and 8 activities and nuclear condensation or fragmentation in MRC‐5 cells after exposure to 20% CSE for 12 hr compared with control and high levels of aminophylline (>50 μg/ml) pre‐treatment. These findings suggest that aminophylline protected apoptosis of MRC‐5 cells through the inactivation of caspases 3 and 8 and could be an effective agent to reduce cigarette smoking–induced lung structural cell apoptosis.</P>

Self-energy effects and electron–phonon coupling in Fe–As superconductors

Choi, K-Y,Lemmens, P,Eremin, I,Zwicknagl, G,Berger, H,Sun, G L,Sun, D L,Lin, C T IOP Pub 2010 Journal of Physics, Condensed Matter Vol.22 No.11

<P>Doping and temperature dependent studies of optical phonon modes in Fe-122 pnictides are performed using Raman scattering experiments and compared with model calculations to elucidate the role of electron-phonon and spin-phonon interaction in this family of compounds. The frequency and linewidth of the B(1g) mode at around 210 cm(-1) is highlighted as appreciable anomalies at the superconducting and spin density wave transitions are observed that strongly depend on composition. We give estimates of the electron-phonon coupling related to this renormalization and calculate the phonon self-energy on the basis of a four-band model comparing different symmetries of the order parameters. In addition, we observe a pronounced quasi-elastic Raman response for the undoped compound, suggesting persisting magnetic fluctuations in the spin density wave state.</P>

Mesoporous silica (MCM-41) effect on (PEO+LiAsF₆) solid polymer electrolyte

Subba Reddy, Ch.V.,Wu, G.P.,Zhao, C.X.,Jin, W.,Zhu, Q.Y.,Chen, W.,Mho, Sun-il Elsevier 2007 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.7 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Composite polymer electrolyte films consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO), LiAsF<SUB>6</SUB> and mesoporous silica (MCM-41) with fixed PEO/LiAsF<SUB>6</SUB>=90/10 but different weight percent ratios of MCM-41 were prepared using the solution casting method. The polymer electrolyte films were characterized using XRD, DSC, SEM and electrical impedance spectroscopy. In corporation of MCM-41 in a (PEO+LiAsF<SUB>6</SUB>) polymer electrolyte facilitates salt dissociation, enhances ion conductivity, and improves miscibility between organic and inorganic moieties. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs indicates the electrolytes are miscible and homogeneous up to 10wt.% of MCM-41, and an optimized conductivity is found at this composition (10wt.%). However, at higher weight ratios (>10wt.%), the Li/MCM-41-rich domain developed, and the conductivity decreased with increasing mesoporous material. The electrochemical performance of fabricated electrochemical cells of configuration Li/(PEO+LiAsF<SUB>6</SUB>+MCM-41)/(MoO<SUB>3</SUB>+C+PTFE) were investigated.</P>